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Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites known to be harmful to human and animal health. To date, there are many reports of disorders caused by mycotoxins in the digestive, urinary, immune and reproduction systems, and the importance of oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation has been stressed as a trigger of mycotoxin-in... |
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Pigs have an epitheliochorial and diffuse type of placenta (). Histologically, the surface of the allantochorion becomes complexly folded, producing ridges that fit into corresponding grooves or crypts in the endometrium (). In the interhemal area, the maternal vessels and fetal vessels are situ... |
The standard amino acids are of the L-form, but their enantiomers, D-amino acids, are found in some proteins, such as peptidoglycan cell walls of bacteria. It has been reported that D-amino acids accumulated in different tissues, which might represent different physiological conditions. For example, accumulation of D-a... |
Busulfan, a bifunctional alkylating agent, has been used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and for myeloablative-conditioning regimens before stem cell transplantation. In children, there are several reports of diverse effects of busulfan treatment such as pulmonary fibrosis and acute clinical neurotoxicity... |
AZD3783 is a potent and selective antagonist of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B
(serotonin, or 5-HT) receptor, with a Ki of 12.5 nM.
that is involved in physiological functions including thermoregulation, modulation of
neurotransmitter release, as well as anxiety and mood regulation.
release of serotonin, thus 5-HT an... |
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer among men in the US. It has been estimated there will be approximately 238,590 new cases of prostate cancer and 29,720 deaths from prostate cancer in the US in 2013. In Japan, the prevalence and mortality of prostate cancer has ... |
Atrial dilatation and fibrillation are well-known risk factors for the development of thrombosis within the atrium. Thrombosis develops easily when blood pooling occurs in the left atrium, often leading to cardio-embolic stroke (CES). Since atrial thrombosis is strongly associated with CES, clarifying the mechanism res... |
Trichothecene mycotoxins produced by fungi are frequent contaminants in agricultural commodities such as rice, wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, and other cereals produced in various countries around the world. Contamination with these mycotoxins, including mycotoxins, remains a major concern for human and animal healt... |
In general, hypoxia within tumor tissues plays a significant negative role in the treatment of malignant neoplasms, because the angiogenesis, evasion of apoptosis and increased glycolytic rate are all adaptations made by tumors in the hypoxic microenvironment. To improve therapeutic efficacy, recent efforts have been c... |
Ricin, a powerful cytotoxic protein derived from the seeds of the castor oil plant, consists of two polypeptide chains named ricin toxin A chain (RTA) and ricin toxin B chain (RTB) linked via a disulfide bridge. RTB mediates the binding to glycolipids or glycoproteins on the cell surface via its lectin receptors, follo... |
G-quadruplexes (GQs) are noncanonical secondary structures formed from G-rich sequences of nucleic acids, and play important roles in the regulation of gene transcription and translation. Formation of GQs in a telomere region causes inhibition of telomerase activity with subsequent obsolescence and cell death.[] GQ str... |
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