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rettenberg is a municipality in the district of oberallgäu in bavaria in germany. rettenberg is twinned with the village la frénaye in northern france (close to le havre). rettenberg is the southernmost village with breweries ("engelbräu" and "zötlerbrauerei") in germany.
sonthofen is the most southerly town of germany. it is in the oberallgäu region of the bavarian alps. oberstdorf is farther south but is not a town. in 2005, sonthofen was awarded "alpenstadt des jahres" (alpine city of the year).
in world war ii sonthofen was bombed twice. this was because adolf hitler had built the "ordensburg sonthofen" in sonthofen. young boys were trained there for nazi party organisations. sonthofen was given town rights on 18 august 1963.
lennart nilsson (24 august 1922 – 28 january 2017) was a swedish photographer. he was known for his photographs of human embryos and other medical subjects once thought not to be photographable. he was also known for his extreme macro photography. his book, "a child is born" (1965), featured many of his photographs. he was born in strängnäs, södermanland county.
nilsson died on 28 january 2017 at the age of 94.
sulzberg is a municipality in the district of oberallgäu in bavaria in germany. since 1990, sulzberg has been twinned with the municipality chailland (mayenne) in france.
lauda air flight 004 was a scheduled international passenger flight from kai tak, hong kong, china to wien-schwechat international airport, vienna, austria via don mueang international airport, bangkok, thailand. on 26 may 1991, the boeing 767-3z9er operating the flight under the callsign ng004 (lauda 4, lda004) suffered an uncommanded thrust reverser deployment midair while flying over burma-thai border and crashed into wooded terrain about 94 nautical miles northwest of bangkok, killing all 213 passengers and 10 crew members on board. it is the first accident and the deadliest loss involving the boeing 767, and as of 2022, thailand's worst aviation accident.
the positions of the left engine thrust reverser actuators along with data from the electronic engine control (eec) and the cockpit voice recorder (cvr) indicate that the left engine thrust reverse system deployed while the airplane was at approximately .78 mach (478 kn, 550 mph, 885 km/h), climbing through 24,700 feet to flight level 310. the preliminary evidence suggests that the reverse event was recognized by the flight crew, but that the airplane departed controlled flight, accelerated past the maximum operating velocity, and experienced an in-flight structural breakup at a low altitude. indications of an in-flight fire prior to the breakup have not been found. however, during the breakup, a large explosion was witnessed and burning debris fell to the ground. the explosion was most likely the ignition of discharged fuel from the aircraft's wings during the breakup.
the true cause of the reverser deployment was never found because all of the wires and the digital flight data recorder were destroyed in the crash, but it was thought to be caused by a short circuit that opened both valves for a split second, allowing the reverser to activate.
lauda air flight 004 took off from runway 21l in don mueang at 23:02 ict. 5 minutes and 45 seconds into the flight, where the pilots received a "rev isln val" warning on the eicas, to which captain welch replied, "that keeps coming on", indicating that the warning would come on, then extinguish. this probably made the captain think that this warning was not true. the crew discussed the issue for approximately 5 minutes, looking through the aircraft's quick reference handbook, to which they found no action was needed, but the handbook then quoted "additional system failures may cause in-flight deployment", and to "expect normal reverser operation after landing". the captain, reassured, said that it was "just an advisory thing", and that there was "just water, or moisture in there", and moved on, the first officer shortly thereafter claiming that the captain needs "a little bit of rudder trim to the left", in response to the ailerons being slightly out of trim.
at 23:17 pm ict (local time, 4:17z pm), nine minutes after the first warning, while climbing past 24,500 feet, the left engine thrust reverser activated, the reverser plume causing asymmetrical lift that took away 25 percent of the original lift away from the left wing. almost immediately, the aircraft assumed a hard left yaw, bank, and descent, with a value that peaked at -28 degrees per second. immediately after reverser activation, the first officer noticed the discrepancy, shouting, "shit, reverser deployed". the captain disconnected the autopilot and inputted maximum right rudder and aileron, soon after shutting down the left engine. the airplane experienced massive negative g-forces during the descent. contrary to existing procedures, the flight crew proceeded to pull back on their flight controls before regaining a wings level attitude. this put massive stress on the airframe as it accelerated past its maximum operating speed (vmo), to which parts of the tail began to disintegrate. parts of the rudder and massive areas of the right elevator began to disintegrate from the aircraft, followed by the complete separation of the right tailplane, and the breaking of the aircraft's skin.
the aircraft's tail section broke completely free of the main assembly, causing the rest of the aircraft to assume a near vertical nose down position, as the aircraft exceeded 660 knots (mach 1). the wings then broke free of the aircraft, and the remaining fuel inside the fuel tanks ignited into a massive fireball, and the aircraft crashed into wooded terrain in the dan chang district of thailand. all 223 passengers and crew died. shortly after the accident, local villagers began to loot the crash site, uncontrolled by the local police.
passengers and crew.
josef thurner, the copilot, once flew as a co-pilot with niki lauda on a lauda boeing 767 service to bangkok, a flight that was the subject of a "reader's digest" article in january 1990 that depicted the airline positively. macarthur job stated that thurner was the better known of the crew members. thomas j. welch, the captain, lived in vienna, but originated from seattle, washington.
geoffrey james "geoff" nicholls (28 february 1948 – 28 january 2017) was a british musician and keyboardist. he was best known as a member of the heavy metal band black sabbath. he did not perform with the band after 2004. he was born in birmingham.
nicholls died from lung cancer on 28 january 2017 at the age of 68.
insular italy ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of italy used by the national institute of statistics (istat), a nuts1 level region.
insular italy is defined only for statistical and for some elections and includes the two main italian islands: sicily and sardinia, together with other small islands and archipelagos next to them.
sicily is the largest mediterranean island with an area of . to the east, it is separated from the italian mainland by the strait of messina, about wide in the north, and about wide in the southern part. its highest point is mount etna (), the largest active volcano in europe with an altitude of . the longest river of the island is the salso river, long.
sardinia is the second largest mediterranean island with an area of . to the east is the tyrrhenian sea that separates the island from mainland italy, and to the north is the strait of bonifacio that separates sardinia from the french island of corsica. its highest point is punta la marmora () with an altitude of . the longest river of the island is the tirso river, long.
insular italy has 2 of the 20 regions of italy, including 24 provinces and 1,789 comuniː
the "comuni" with more than 100,000 persons living in them areː
lucia bosè (' borloni"'; 28 january 1931 – 23 march 2020) was an italian actress. she reached peak fame during the time of italian neorealism in the 1940s and 1950s. she appeared in the movies "under the olive tree", "story of a love affair" (both 1950), "the lady without camelias" (1953), "death of a cyclist" (1955) and "harem suare" (1999). in 1947, she was miss italia.
bosè was born in milan. she was married to spanish bullfighter luis dominguín from 1955 to 1967. the couple had three children, including miguel (b. 1956, panama city). she was the grandmother of bimba bosé (1975–2017).
on 23 march 2020, during the covid-19 pandemic in spain, bosè died of pneumonia caused by covid-19 in segovia. she was 89.
many clouds (21 april 2007 – 28 january 2017) was a thoroughbred racehorse. he was best known for winning the hennessy gold cup (2014), the grand national (2015) and the cotswold chase (2015, 2017).
many clouds was bred in ireland but was trained in united kingdom.
many clouds died on 28 january 2017 in cheltenham, gloucestershire. he collapsed after winning his second cotswold chase and died from a pulmonary haemorrhage. he was nine.
gerardus willem "wim" anderiesen jr. (2 september 1931 – 27 january 2017) was a dutch footballer. he played as a defender at club level from the early-1950s to the mid-1960s. he played for ajax from 1951 to 1961. he later played for holland sport.
anderiesen was born in amsterdam, north holland. he was the son of and named after wim anderiesen (1903–1944). he died on 27 january 2017 in heerhugowaard at the age of 85.
smith & wesson (s&w) is an american firearms manufacturing company. their headquarters are in springfield, massachusetts. the company was founded in 1852. smith & wesson's pistols and revolvers have become standard issue to police and military forces. smith & wesson firearms are very popular among sport shooters.
smith & wesson is also known for the many types of ammunition it has introduced over the years. many cartridge calibers bear the s&w name. for example, the .500 s&w magnum.
horace smith and daniel b. wesson founded the smith & wesson company in 1852. the purpose was to develop a lever action pistol. but by 1854 the company was failing. they sold the company to a shirt manufacturer named oliver winchester. in 1866, winchester renamed the company winchester repeating arms company. that same year smith and wesson formed the second company called smith & wesson. their timing was right. not long after they built their new factory in springfield, the american civil war started.
the civil war.
one of the most popular pistols during the war was the smith & wesson model 2. many civil war soldiers purchased the no 2 revolver privately. between 1861 and 1874, over 77,000 were produced. smith & wesson became so profitable that the two partners were the wealthiest men in springfield by 1865.
one of the most popular calibers during the civil war was the .44 caliber. the partners realized they needed to produce a pistol in this caliber. by 1870 s&w introduced the .44 metallic cartridge which was a major improvement over the .44 percussion cap models used in the war. to use this new cartridge, the company introduced a larger pistol known as the smith & wesson model 3. it featured rapid loading and reloading. the gun was a personal favorite of wyatt earp. in 1875, at age 65, smith sold his share of the company to wesson. he still advised his former partner in business matters.
in 1880 s&w introduced the first double-action revolver. it was designed to use the .32 s&w caliber cartridge. by this time wesson's three sons, walter h., frank l., and joseph h., were active in the company. in 1887, frank l. wesson died but his brothers continued as partners in the company.
in 1887 a new concealed hammer design for police was made. variations of this design are still being made. in 1899, s&w brought out its most famous design, the military & police pistol. it was a double-action which set a standard for modern revolvers. it also introduced what has become a very popular caliber, the .38 s&w special. it is still one of the most popular revolver cartridges ever produced. large numbers of s&w .38 special handguns were sold to police and military worldwide. they were used in both world war i and world war ii. they remained popular until they were finally replaced by many police and military organizations by semi-automatic pistols.
early 20th century.
in 1904, daniel b. wesson died. but without his guidance the two sons could not agree on the future direction of the company. this period of weak leadership continued for some time. in 1908 the company introduced a new line of .44 caliber pistols called the .44 new century, but was soon renamed the smith & wesson triple lock. it used a new cartridge developed by s&w, the .44 special.
smith & wesson received large government contracts for military revolvers from the american government. the company expanded to produce the firearms. but management problems, labor disputes and a new workforce all caused problems for production. as a result, the us government stepped in to manage s&w until the end of the war.
after the war a surplus of military arms and imports of low cost guns caused sales to drop. under harold wesson, the company manufactured other items to try to keep up profits. they made sewing machines, handcuffs, washing machines and toilet parts. but none of these items made the company profitable.
about this time, bullet-proof vests came into use. gangsters quickly adopted them so that bullets traveling at under 1,000 fps would not penetrate them. s&w immediately began experimenting with improved bullets. they also used the famous firearms expert bill jordan as a consultant to help develop a new much more powerful handgun. what resulted was the first magnum cartridge, the s&w .357 magnum. in 1935 they released the smith & wesson model 19. using a 125 grain bullet traveling at 1600 fps, it could easily defeat the body armor of the time.
world war ii and after.
by the start of the war s&w was nearly bankrupt. the company was now run by carl r. hellstrom. under his management the company concentrated its efforts on handguns and the company began to expand. in 1965 the wesson family sold the company to the bangor punta corporation. the company began producing firearms accessories as well as firearms. in 1884, s&w was sold to lear siegler who, in 1986, was acquired by forstmann little & company. forstmann & little was mainly interested in siegler's aerospace and automotive lines. so they sold smith & wesson to tomkins plc, a british holding company. under tomkins, s&w developed a number of semiautomatic pistols. this included several using the new .40 s&w cartridge. during this time handgun sales declined. because of anti-gun lawsuits, operating costs began to rise.
on march 17, 2000, smith & wesson made an agreement with us president bill clinton. it agreed to make changes in the design and distribution of its firearms. this was in return for "preferred buying program" to offset the loss of revenue as a result of anticipated boycott. all authorized s&w dealers and distributors had to follow a “code of conduct” to eliminate the sale of firearms to prohibited persons. dealers had to agree to not allow children under 18 access to gun shops or sections of stores that contained firearms.
after an organized campaign by the nra and nssf, thousands of retailers and tens of thousands of firearms consumers boycotted smith & wesson.
acquisition by saf-t-hammer.
on 11 may 2001, saf-t-hammer corporation acquired smith & wesson from tomkins plc for $15 million usd. this was a fraction of the $112 million originally paid by tomkins. the smith & wesson purchase was chiefly brokered by saf-t-hammer president bob scott. he had left smith & wesson in 1999 because of a disagreement with tomkins’ policies. after the purchase, scott became the president of smith & wesson. he guided the 157-year-old company back to its former standing in the market.
on 15 february 2002, the name was changed to smith & wesson holding corporation.
in december 2014, smith & wesson holding announced it was paying $130.5 million for battenfeld technologies. this is a columbia, missouri-based designer and distributor of hunting and shooting accessories. this was part of a plan to merge all its existing smith & wesson, m&p and thompson center arms accessories into a single division.
in august 2016 the company bought crimson trace, a laser-sight manufacturer, for $95 million. they bought taylor brands, a tool and knife maker, for $85 million. in november 2016 the company bought ust brands, a survival equipment maker, for $32.3 million. on november 7, 2016, smith & wesson announced that it would be changing the name of its holding company to american outdoor brands corporation.
ni yulan is a chinese business lawyer. in 2016, she received the international women of courage award.
ni fought for property rights for people who lost their homes because of building for the 2008 beijing olympics. she went to prison many times. in prison she was beaten and lost the use of her legs. she applied for a passport to travel to the u.s. to receive the award, but the chinese government refused.
the tirso () is the most important river of sardinia for its length and the size of its drainage basin. it starts on the mountains of the centre of the island and ends in the mediterranean sea.
the river was known in sardinia as "riu de aristanis" ("river of oristano") or, simply, "riu mannu" (the "big river"). the name tirso began to be used in modern times following ptolemy that named it in ancient times as "thyrsos" (, "mouth of the tirso river").
the tirso river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season; its average discharge is but is very low during summer.
the tirso river starts in the buddusò plateau, on the slopes of "punta pianedda", at an elevation of about , to the north of the "comune" of bitti. from here, the river flows to the southwest.
finally, after , it flows into the gulf of oristano in the sea of sardinia (mediterranean sea). the river enters the sea at about to the north of the city of oristano.
the river forms the "omodeo lake", an artificial lake that is long and wide; it is one of largest artificial lake in italy.
it flows through 81 comuni.
most tributaries of the tirso are small streams; the main tributaries are:
both rivers are left tributaries of the tirso.
theodorus johannes franciscus "theo" brokmann jr. (born 3 july 1922) is a dutch former footballer. he played as a striker. he played for ajax from 1939 to 1951.
brokmann was born in amsterdam, north holland. he was the son of and named after theo brokmann (1893–1956).
michael tönnies (19 december 1959 – 26 january 2017) was a german footballer. he was born in essen. he played as a striker. he played from 1978 to 1994.
tönnies was best known for playing for msv duisburg, playing in 179 league games and scoring over a hundred goals. he also played for schalke 04, spvgg bayreuth, 1. fc bocholt, rot-weiss essen and wuppertaler sv. he held a bundesliga record, scoring the fastest hat-trick (three goals). he held the record from 1991 until 2015, when robert lewandowski beat the record.
tönnies died on 26 january 2017 at the age of 57.
piet ouderland (17 march 1933 – 3 september 2017) was a dutch footballer and basketball player. he was born in amsterdam, north holland.
as a footballer, ouderland played as a striker. he played ajax, az alkmaar and the netherlands national team. for ajax, he made 261 total appearances with the club between 1955 and 1964. this made him a member of club van 100. he also made seven appearances with the national team in 1962 and 1963. as a basketball player, he also played for the national team. he was the first dutchman to play for the national sides of football and basketball.
henry-louis de la grange (26 may 1924 – 27 january 2017) was a french musicologist. he was known for being known as a biographer of gustav mahler. he was born in paris. la grange began working as a music critic in 1952, writing articles for the "new york herald tribune" and "the new york times", and the magazines "opera news", "saturday review", "musical america", and "opus".
la grange died in paris on 27 january 2017 from complications of pneumonia, aged 92.
sir francis christopher buchan bland (29 may 1938 – 28 january 2017) was a british businessman and politician. he was born in yokohama, japan.
he was deputy chairman of the independent television authority (1972), which was renamed the independent broadcasting authority in the same year, and chairman of london weekend television (1984) and of the board of governors of the bbc (1996 to 2001), when he took up a position as chairman of british telecommunications plc. he left his position with bt in september 2007.
before leaving bt, he became chairman of the royal shakespeare company, in 2004.
bland died on 28 january 2017 in clanville, hampshire from complications of prostate cancer, aged 78.
the number one observatory circle is the official residence of the vice president of the united states and the second family. it is located on the northeast grounds of the u.s. naval observatory in washington, d.c. and it has been the residence of every vice president since 1974.
waltenhofen is a municipality in the district of oberallgäu in bavaria in germany. on 1 january 1972, the previously independent municipality of memhölz was incorporated into waltenhofen. on january 1 1976, niedersonthofen was added, and on april 1, 1976 martin im allgäu was also added. the mayor has been eckhard harscher since 2006.
weitnau is a municipality in the rural district oberallgäu in bavaria/germany. weitnau is in the foothills of the allgäu alps.
alexander streicher became the mayor in 2008.
weitnau became twinned with magné in france in 1986.
kaniyan pungundranar is an influential tamil poet and philosopher who lived during the sangam age. he was said to be born in the village of mahibalanpatti in tirupattur taluk of sivagangai district, tamil nadu.
kaniyan pungundranar composed two poems in tamil in purananuru and natrinai. his poem in purananuru is a famous poem, it starts with the lines of yaadhum oore yavarum kelir speaks about unity. dr. a.p.j. abdul kalam, the former president of india spoke about these lines in the united nations organisation. at present, these lines are depicted in the uno.
andreas sparman or andreas palmcron (1609 – november 30, 1658) was a swedish doctor. he was the personal physician to queen christina and king charles x gustav of sweden. he is most known for his book, "sundhetzens speghel", which is considered to be the best medical book of the century, and is sometimes considered to be the first swedish cookbook.
andreas sparman was born andreas schomerus in sparrsätra parish, uppsala county, sweden. he died in
stockholm. when he wrote his dissertation in 1629, he used the name "schomerus", but later changed his name to sparrman, for his birthplace. he was knighted in 1647 with the name palmcron.
sparman's father was nikolaus olai. his mother was susanna andersdotter. his first wife was helena isaksdotter. his second wife was susanna lilliecrona. he had a daughter, brita susanna palmkron, with his second wife.
sparman studied medicine in the city of leiden, in the netherlands. after he returned to sweden he became the city doctor for stockholm. later, he was the personal doctor to queen christina and charles x gustav of sweden.
in connection with the plague epidemic in 1638, sparman wrote an educational book about the plague. it was a summary of how to prevent and treat the disease. it was published again during plague epidemics in 1652 and 1710.
in 1642, sparman wrote the most complete book ever published about preventive health care, "sundhetzen's speghel, uthi hwilken man beskodhar sundhetzens natur..." or "mirror of health, from which one may learn the nature of health, the principle causes of all diseases which chiefly undermine health, together with the remedies which deliver us from them".
it is considered the best "läkebok" or medical book of the century. part of the book is written in the form of the alexandrine french poetry meter. it was probably based on some foreign works. sparman's book warned about the medical dangers of alcohol.
because of the severe "rödsots" or dysentery epidemics, in 1652 sparman wrote about how to prevent dysentery.
sparman also translated the hymns of the psalms. he got permission to publish them, but they were never published.
elkin fernando ramírez zapata (26 october 1962 – 29 january 2017) was a colombian singer-songwriter. he was best known as the lead singer of the rock band kraken. he was also a member to bands such as kripzy (1981–1982) and ferrotrack (1983–1984). he joined kraken in 1985. he was born in medellín, antioquia.
ramírez died from brain cancer on 29 january 2017 in medellín. he was 54.
walter herbert "walt" streuli (september 26, 1935 – january 19, 2017) was an american professional baseball player. he played as a catcher. he appeared in six major league baseball games over parts of three seasons with the 1954–1956 detroit tigers.
streuli was born in memphis, tennessee. he studied at rhodes college. streuli died in greensboro, north carolina on january 19, 2017, aged 81.
r-dropping also called non-rhoticity or post vocalic r-lessness happens to english-speakers when the "r" sound is not pronounced after a vowel. then the words "car" and "card" both sound like "cah" and "cahd". that happens for most speakers in england and some speakers in the united states, especially in the boston and new york city areas and pockets of the american south especially the greater new orleans area, virginia's tidewater region and among speakers of ethnolects such as african american vernacular english and cajun english. british and northeastern r-droppers usually pronounce "r" when the next word begins with a vowel as in "car is". for them, "spa" and "spar" sound alike, southern, african american and south african r-droppers don't add additional rs.
the pronunciation of the r is kept in the scottish, irish and most of the u.s. and canada versions of spoken english. the r-droppers include most of england, wales, australia, new zealand and south africa.