VAULT v2.5 (180.6M) β€” Co-Prime Kenyon Cell Architecture & Zero-rocFFT O(1) Streaming Engine

Author & Architect: Philip Bartsch (@batteryphil)
GitHub Repository: https://github.com/batteryphil/VAULT
License: MIT

New β€” Looking for the 1.54B quantized (BF16/Q8_0/Q4_0) + freestanding C99 (-ffreestanding -nostdlib) release? See batteryphil/VAULT-v3-1.5B.

VAULT (Variance-Weighted Associative Unitary Lattice Tensor) is a 180.6M-parameter post-Transformer, post-SSM recurrent sequence architecture (d_model=768, n_layers=16, H_q=12, G_vault=4, d_head=64, d_ff=2048) trained from scratch on a single consumer 16 GB GPU (AMD Radeon RX 9060 XT) on 0.594B total tokens (0.575B base continual pretraining + 19.7M precision SFT tokens).

Instead of an unbounded $\mathcal{O}(T)$ KV-cache (Transformers) or a single exponentially decaying state matrix (Mamba / linear RNNs), VAULT routes high-salience entities into 4 Co-Prime Kenyon Cell fast-weight banks ($P = {47, 53, 59, 61} = 220$ cells, $8.97\text{M}$ CRT addresses) via phase-bound circular convolution, where unaddressed memory cells have zero passive temporal decay ($\gamma = 1.0$) and capacity can be expanded zero-shot at inference time up to $2,002$ cells ($P = {491, 499, 503, 509}$, $62.7\text{B}$ CRT addresses) via Elastic Co-Prime Mitosis without changing per-token decode latency.


⚑ Super-Quick Start (5 Lines β€” Zero Repo Clone Needed)

pip install torch transformers safetensors huggingface_hub
# Optional on Linux CUDA / ROCm for 48.8 tok/s hardware-fused O(1) kernels:
# pip install triton
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("batteryphil/VAULT-v2.5-180M", trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "batteryphil/VAULT-v2.5-180M", trust_remote_code=True
).to("cuda" if __import__("torch").cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

print(model.chat(tok, "Explain why recursion needs a base case in programming.", stream=True))

Zero-Shot Elastic Co-Prime Mitosis (220 -> 2,002 Cells in 1 Line)

Expand the associative memory state 9.1x (220 -> 2,002 Kenyon cells) at inference time for 32K+ streaming retrieval (83.3% exact needle recall at 32K, trained strictly at 2K!) with identical 20.59 ms/tok O(1) decode latency:

model_2002c = model.expand_mitosis(2002)  # Supports 220, 508, 942, or 2002 cells
reply, stats = model_2002c.chat(
    tok,
    "[python] Write a Python function to find the maximum element and sum of a list of numbers.",
    return_stats=True,
)
print(reply)
print(stats)

One-Command CLI & Interactive REPL (via GitHub Repo)

git clone https://github.com/batteryphil/VAULT.git
cd VAULT
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Auto-downloads weights from HuggingFace Hub & runs 4 live streaming demos:
python run_vault.py --demo

# Interactive streaming Chat REPL (supports /mitosis 2002, /demo, /temp):
python run_vault.py

Hardware Compatibility (NVIDIA CUDA β€’ AMD ROCm β€’ Apple Silicon β€’ CPU)

  • NVIDIA CUDA (RTX 30xx/40xx/50xx, L4, A100, H100): Native OpenAI/NVIDIA Triton PTX TensorCore chunkwise prefill (<= 32 KB shared memory across all 220c..2,002c Mitosis presets), zero-external-FFT register-DFT Triton decode kernels, and torch.cuda.CUDAGraph.
  • Older NVIDIA GPUs (T4, RTX 20xx, V100): Automatic FP32 Triton & FP16 support on SM < 8.0.
  • AMD ROCm (RDNA3/RDNA4/CDNA): Native Triton BF16 WMMA + HIPGraph acceleration.
  • Apple Silicon (mps) & CPU: Automatic pure-PyTorch Compact-WY fallback when Triton/CUDA is not present.

πŸ“Š Empirical Benchmarks (VAULT v2.4 @ Step 10k Base vs. VAULT v2.5 SFT)

All evaluations run offline under identical EleutherAI lm-eval and streaming protocols on a single 16 GB AMD Radeon RX 9060 XT:

1. Zero-Shot Academic Suite (0.594B Tokens vs. 100B–600B External Baselines)

Benchmark / Metric VAULT v2.4 Base (0.575B tok) VAULT v2.5 SFT (0.594B tok) Delta (SFT vs Base) Reference: Mamba-2 130M (300B tok) Reference: SmolLM 135M (600B tok)
SciQ w/ Passage (acc_norm) 50.40% 71.80% +21.40% 73.20% 76.40%
SciQ Closed-Book (acc_norm) 37.00% 50.70% +13.70% 46.70% 64.70%
SciQ In-Context Gain +13.40% +21.10% +7.70% +26.50% +11.70%
ARC-Easy (acc_norm) 37.71% (41.37% raw) 45.37% (46.34% raw) +7.66% 42.38% 57.41%
ARC-Challenge (acc_norm) 23.12% 23.72% +0.60% 23.81% 28.92%
PIQA (acc_norm) 57.02% (58.92% raw) 58.22% (59.09% raw) +1.20% 63.71% 68.44%
HellaSwag (acc_norm) 35.73% 37.13% +1.40% 43.07% 45.60%
Winogrande (acc) 49.64% 50.43% +0.79% 53.28% 52.72%
BoolQ (acc / acc_norm) 56.93% / 62.93% 41.53% / 51.33% -15.40% 56.33% / 61.40% 59.87% / 63.20%
LAMBADA (acc) 12.27% 13.73% +1.46% 42.93% 36.87%
WikiText-2 (BPB / TokPPL) 1.5447 / 93.97 1.5466 / 94.51 +0.0019 BPB 0.9645 / 19.98 0.9686 / 17.26
9-Task Zero-Shot Average 39.98% 43.63% +3.65% 49.49% 54.55%

2. True O(1) Streaming Decode Latency & State Scaling (2K -> 128K & 220c -> 2,002c)

Zero-rocFFT Fused Triton Decode (_vault_v2_5_fft_bind_64_kernel + _vault_v2_5_salience_pool_decode_kernel + _vault_v2_5_local_syntax_decode_kernel + _vault_v2_decode_fw_kernel):

  • FP32 Monolithic vs. Streaming Parity (t = 0..255 across rollovers): Prefill max diff 5.91e-5, 128-step decode median diff 2.46e-5, 100.00% Top-1 token agreement.
  • 220c @ 2K (2,048 tok): 10,214 tok/s prefill | 227.3 MB state | 20.61 ms/tok (48.5 tok/s)
  • 220c @ 128K (131,072 tok): 13,119 tok/s prefill | 227.3 MB state | 20.53 ms/tok (48.7 tok/s)
  • 2,002c Mitosis @ 128K (131,072 tok): 2,798 tok/s prefill | 2,009.7 MB state | 20.59 ms/tok (48.6 tok/s)

3. In-Context Multi-Needle Retrieval & 16x Zero-Shot Extrapolation (Trained at 2K Only)

  • Controlled 2K Syntactic Gaps: 100.0% (+3 tok), 93.8% (+15 tok boilerplate), 87.5% (+24 tok wide).
  • Adversarial >=8-Subword Sibling Collision Stress Test (>=7 shared prefix BPE tokens):
    • 2K ChatML: 81.2% (+6.2% vs v2.4)
    • 4K ChatML: 75.0% (+16.7% vs v2.4, -0.70 bits NLL via Tri-Horizon g2 m=1..10 binder)
    • 4K 1-Shot: 75.0% (+8.3% vs v2.4, -0.64 bits NLL)
  • 32K Zero-Shot Co-Prime Mitosis (2,002c, 16x beyond 2K training horizon): 83.3% exact (1-shot, 91.7% digit acc) / 66.7% exact (ChatML, 83.3% digit acc).

πŸ” Honest Capabilities & Known Compute Limits

  • Strengths: Strong in-context reading comprehension (71.80% SciQ +Passage), exact multi-needle key-value routing, 16x zero-shot length extrapolation to 32K via Co-Prime Mitosis, clean Python/C++20/CoT/CS-prose generation, and flat O(1) memory & latency up to 128K.
  • Compute Limits (0.594B Tokens): Closed-book trivia and rare fiction idioms (LAMBADA, raw WikiText-2 PPL) remain strictly compute-bound by training on <0.6B tokens (~1/500th of a 300B-token run). At 64K–128K, zero-shot 2,002c mitosis lowers target NLL by -2.7b, retrieves the leading digit (33%–50%), and requires post-mitosis continual adaptation to orthogonalize daughter Voronoi cones past occ > 0.90.

πŸ“¦ Included Checkpoints in This Repo

  • model.safetensors: VAULT v2.5 SFT (180.58M params, promoted ema_step_600, lossless FP32) β€” loaded automatically by AutoModelForCausalLM.
  • base/vault_v2_4_step10k.safetensors: VAULT v2.4 Step 10,000 Base (180.51M params, Pre-SFT checkpoint, lossless FP32) β€” loadable via python run_vault.py --variant base.
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