Please summarize a maximum of five keywords from the given passage. The passage consists of two parts: the title and the paragraph. The keywords should be the lemmas of the words and separated by a commas. Here is the passage:

Title: 
New York City requires reading instruction to be phonics-based

Paragraph: 
New York City officials said Tuesday that the city will require all of its elementary NAME_1 to employ phonics programs in teaching children to read, saying alternate systems that have been in place for years are failing.

The announcement from the nation's largest school system is fresh evidence of a national shift underway toward what supporters call "the science of reading," in which children are explicitly taught how to sound out words. Thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have passed laws or adopted new policies promoting evidence-based reading instruction.

Until now, some 700 elementary NAME_1 in New York City have each been allowed to choose their own reading curriculums, and many employed methods that have come under sharp scrutiny in recent years.

Over the next two years, the city's 32 districts will each be asked to select one of three evidence-based curriculums that will then be used throughout the system.

The change is urgent, NAME_1 Chancellor NAME_2 said Tuesday. About half of all elementary students — and more than 6 in 10 Black and Hispanic students — are not proficient in reading.

"It's a travesty and really an indictment on the work that we do," NAME_3 said.

He put particular blame on an approach called "balanced literacy," a popular program in New York City that works to nurture a love of reading and encourages students to use context and pictures to figure out what a text says. It does not necessarily include explicit decoding of words and sounds. A large share of the city's NAME_1 have been using this approach, according to data reported by the City and Chalkbeat.

Under the new system, districts will choose one of three curriculums to use in all of their NAME_1. The choices are Wit & Wisdom (which is not phonics-based and would be paired with a phonics program), Expeditionary Learning and Into Reading. The change will be implemented in about half the city this fall and the second half in 2024. Teacher trainings were beginning this week. Please reply with exactly 3 paragraphs and separate each paragraph with two new lines. The very first paragraph must start with the word "police".
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