**user**: What are the fundamental differences between SQL and NoSQL databases?

**bing**: [1]: https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/sql-vs-nosql "SQL vs. NoSQL Databases: What's the Difference? | IBM"
[2]: https://www.coursera.org/articles/nosql-vs-sql "SQL vs. NoSQL: The Differences Explained + When to Use Each"
[3]: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/nosql-vs-sql "SQL vs NoSQL Databases: What's the Difference? | Indeed.com"
[4]: https://appmaster.io/blog/sql-vs-nosql-databases "SQL vs NoSQL Databases: What's the Difference? | AppMaster"
[5]: https://www.upwork.com/resources/nosql-vs-sql "NoSQL vs SQL Databases: 6 Important Differences | Upwork"

SQL and NoSQL databases are different ways of storing and managing data. Some of the fundamental differences are:

- SQL databases are **relational**, meaning they store data in tables with rows and columns that are linked by foreign keys. NoSQL databases are **non-relational**, meaning they store data in various formats such as documents, key-value pairs, graphs, or wide columns[^1^][1] [^2^][2].
- SQL databases have a **predefined schema**, meaning the structure and type of data are fixed and must be defined before inserting data. NoSQL databases have a **dynamic schema**, meaning the structure and type of data can vary and be defined on the fly[^1^][1] [^2^][2] [^3^][3].
- SQL databases use **SQL** as the standard query language to manipulate and analyze data. NoSQL databases use different query languages or methods depending on the type and structure of data[^1^][1] [^2^][2].
- SQL databases scale **vertically**, meaning they increase the capacity and performance by adding more resources to a single server. NoSQL databases scale **horizontally**, meaning they increase the capacity and performance by adding more servers or nodes to a cluster[^1^][1] [^2^][2] [^4^][4].

The choice between SQL and NoSQL databases depends on the use case, the type and amount of data, the performance and availability requirements, and the scalability and flexibility needs.


**user**: I think SQL DB also were designed (almost 50 years ago) for efficient storage space and for consistency. And NoSQL are much younger and cost for computing and storage is very low compared to the past. This have a lot of implication in their characteristics. What do you think?

**bing**: [1]: https://www.sqlsplus.com/nosql/ "What is NoSQL DBMS: history, views, examples, Big Data application"
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoSQL "NoSQL - Wikipedia"
[3]: https://www.cockroachlabs.com/blog/his Include at least 14 hashtags, starting with '#'
user