So th the question really is how do we feel with the project process ? Uh , um are we happy with the creativity that has passed here or we're not happy with the new product we created or that was created ? Uh I think  personally I think uh I'm pretty happy.

I'm pretty happy with it too , yeah um ,


I'm pretty happy with it too , yeah um ,

it's something I think I can market. Yeah.


it's something I think I can market. Yeah.


it's something I think I can market. Yeah.

and then the next question is are we happy with the leadership of this project ? Uh


it's something I think I can market. Yeah.

and then the next question is are we happy with the leadership of this project ? Uh

I think you've done a good job , Miss leader.


and then the next question is are we happy with the leadership of this project ? Uh

I think you've done a good job , Miss leader.


I think you've done a good job , Miss leader.

And I think team work I think was very very good , I think we really


And I think team work I think was very very good , I think we really


And I think team work I think was very very good , I think we really

Yeah I d I do too I think we worked well together as a team , yeah. Mm-hmm.


Yeah I d I do too I think we worked well together as a team , yeah. Mm-hmm.


And uh I think we  are we happy with the means we used ? We used whiteboard , we didn't use digital p well digital pens I guess are these things.


And uh I think we  are we happy with the means we used ? We used whiteboard , we didn't use digital p well digital pens I guess are these things.

Yeah maybe we could've used the whiteboard a little bit more , yeah ,


Yeah maybe we could've used the whiteboard a little bit more , yeah ,


Yes , we could. Uh , it's maybe not in the best position in the room um you know like sometimes it's positioned so that it's much better visible for everybody and I think from that point of view we sort of ignored it a little bit.


Yes , we could. Uh , it's maybe not in the best position in the room um you know like sometimes it's positioned so that it's much better visible for everybody and I think from that point of view we sort of ignored it a little bit.

And we used the slide because it was better positioned.


And we used the slide because it was better positioned.


and fortunately we all had slides presentation which made it a little easier.


I think we were we were very good , yeah , mm.


I think we were we were very good , yeah , mm.

I think we we did , uh in more than one respect and uh so I think we did very well here.


I think we were we were very good , yeah , mm.

I think we we did , uh in more than one respect and uh so I think we did very well here.

Are the costs within budget ? Yes , yes. Uh is the project evaluated ? Yes.


I think we we did , uh in more than one respect and uh so I think we did very well here.

Are the costs within budget ? Yes , yes. Uh is the project evaluated ? Yes.


Are the costs within budget ? Yes , yes. Uh is the project evaluated ? Yes.


Today we have apple juice and after we sell m million of 'em we have champagne.


Today we have apple juice and after we sell m million of 'em we have champagne.

So I  I thank you all very much. Um , I think this was very good and um


So I  I thank you all very much. Um , I think this was very good and um

I think we did come up with a new product that's uh feasible. Feasible from the production point of view and feasible from a marketing point of view.


I think we did come up with a new product that's uh feasible. Feasible from the production point of view and feasible from a marketing point of view.


Okay. Watch I I have my cord behind you here.


Okay. Watch I I have my cord behind you here.

I always get it on here , but getting it off is


I always get it on here , but getting it off is

Do we  do we have some time left ? Uh  you have


Do we  do we have some time left ? Uh  you have

But we we were told we could end the final meeting at any time , whenever we felt we were finished.


But we we were told we could end the final meeting at any time , whenever we felt we were finished.


It'll take me the rest of the time to get my microphone out from my necklace.  Oh , there we go.


So , I will open our functional design meeting.

So , I will play role of the secretary. As also Program Ma Manager. So , we will have the three presentations from the In Industrial Designer , User Interface Designer and um


So , I will play role of the secretary. As also Program Ma Manager. So , we will have the three presentations from the In Industrial Designer , User Interface Designer and um


And after that we uh will have the uh new product requirements , the decision on the remote control functions , and we will close the meetings after. Mm so um I suppose the first to do the presentation will be the User Interface Designer.


so I'll  I let David Jordan do his presentation.


so I'll  I let David Jordan do his presentation.

No , no. Uh this one doesn't want to be moved , I think.


No , no. Uh this one doesn't want to be moved , I think.


No , no. Uh this one doesn't want to be moved , I think.

Okay , so. The first I will present the technical function design for user interface for our uh remote T_V_ control.


Okay , so. The first I will present the technical function design for user interface for our uh remote T_V_ control.


Okay , so. The first I will present the technical function design for user interface for our uh remote T_V_ control.

Uh I I will focus on user interface design.


Uh I I will focus on user interface design.

Um so move to the next slide. As we know our remote c rem remote T_V_ control it's very  has very soph sophisticated functions , as we show from this picture. There's a lot of functions. Over , I think over s twelve or twenty s functions of a remote T_V_ control. So how can we um design a user interface with so sa with so many sophisticated functions ? Um , let's move to next slide. Um. Yeah. So I  so we want to design uh elegant , easy to use inter interface. A very good example is Google. As we know uh Google it's a very successful because his um powerful function , but with very easy to use user interface. Um so move to next s slide.


Uh I I will focus on user interface design.

Um so move to the next slide. As we know our remote c rem remote T_V_ control it's very  has very soph sophisticated functions , as we show from this picture. There's a lot of functions. Over , I think over s twelve or twenty s functions of a remote T_V_ control. So how can we um design a user interface with so sa with so many sophisticated functions ? Um , let's move to next slide. Um. Yeah. So I  so we want to design uh elegant , easy to use inter interface. A very good example is Google. As we know uh Google it's a very successful because his um powerful function , but with very easy to use user interface. Um so move to next s slide.

So my job is to uh design a Google T_V_ controller  which I want to have sophisticated functions while with very easy to use user interface. So


Um so move to the next slide. As we know our remote c rem remote T_V_ control it's very  has very soph sophisticated functions , as we show from this picture. There's a lot of functions. Over , I think over s twelve or twenty s functions of a remote T_V_ control. So how can we um design a user interface with so sa with so many sophisticated functions ? Um , let's move to next slide. Um. Yeah. So I  so we want to design uh elegant , easy to use inter interface. A very good example is Google. As we know uh Google it's a very successful because his um powerful function , but with very easy to use user interface. Um so move to next s slide.

So my job is to uh design a Google T_V_ controller  which I want to have sophisticated functions while with very easy to use user interface. So

That's the end of the talk  the end of the presentation.


Um so move to the next slide. As we know our remote c rem remote T_V_ control it's very  has very soph sophisticated functions , as we show from this picture. There's a lot of functions. Over , I think over s twelve or twenty s functions of a remote T_V_ control. So how can we um design a user interface with so sa with so many sophisticated functions ? Um , let's move to next slide. Um. Yeah. So I  so we want to design uh elegant , easy to use inter interface. A very good example is Google. As we know uh Google it's a very successful because his um powerful function , but with very easy to use user interface. Um so move to next s slide.

So my job is to uh design a Google T_V_ controller  which I want to have sophisticated functions while with very easy to use user interface. So

That's the end of the talk  the end of the presentation.

So you propose to to have the remote control which will be powerful.


So my job is to uh design a Google T_V_ controller  which I want to have sophisticated functions while with very easy to use user interface. So

That's the end of the talk  the end of the presentation.

So you propose to to have the remote control which will be powerful.


That's the end of the talk  the end of the presentation.

So you propose to to have the remote control which will be powerful.


So you propose to to have the remote control which will be powerful.


So , I dunno , it's maybe difficult to have both ,


So , I dunno , it's maybe difficult to have both ,

I mean the the one on the right doesn't look so simple


I mean the the one on the right doesn't look so simple


Yeah you have to learn the manual before using this remote control , I suppose.


Yeah you have to learn the manual before using this remote control , I suppose.

But if we have very very good user interface


But if we have very very good user interface


it take less time for user to learn how to use it.


it take less time for user to learn how to use it.

Yeah you  maybe you have some international standards , where you know , if you can use one is the other are  or almost the same , so the sign.


it take less time for user to learn how to use it.

Yeah you  maybe you have some international standards , where you know , if you can use one is the other are  or almost the same , so the sign.

Oh you mean for the yeah pic pictograms or things like that ?


Yeah you  maybe you have some international standards , where you know , if you can use one is the other are  or almost the same , so the sign.

Oh you mean for the yeah pic pictograms or things like that ?

Yeah , yeah. For example , I dunno here , escape , you know , you have escape in computers you have , so if you see escape , you know that it should be the same.


Yeah you  maybe you have some international standards , where you know , if you can use one is the other are  or almost the same , so the sign.

Oh you mean for the yeah pic pictograms or things like that ?

Yeah , yeah. For example , I dunno here , escape , you know , you have escape in computers you have , so if you see escape , you know that it should be the same.

Oh it should  okay , yeah. The user should know.


Oh you mean for the yeah pic pictograms or things like that ?

Yeah , yeah. For example , I dunno here , escape , you know , you have escape in computers you have , so if you see escape , you know that it should be the same.

Oh it should  okay , yeah. The user should know.

So you have to  The sh the user there  for example the power off button it is something very international , you know that  So.


Yeah , yeah. For example , I dunno here , escape , you know , you have escape in computers you have , so if you see escape , you know that it should be the same.

Oh it should  okay , yeah. The user should know.

So you have to  The sh the user there  for example the power off button it is something very international , you know that  So.


Oh it should  okay , yeah. The user should know.

So you have to  The sh the user there  for example the power off button it is something very international , you know that  So.


So you have to  The sh the user there  for example the power off button it is something very international , you know that  So.


Yeah , but the question is how to merge you know the Google system to the system , alright.


That's my job. It's not the easiest I've got to.


That's my job. It's not the easiest I've got to.

So , you will propose us something which is yeah so powerful and easy to use.


So , you will propose us something which is yeah so powerful and easy to use.


So , next I propose the Industrial User Interface to present things.


So , Baba is the uh the Industrial Designer. Okay.


So , Baba is the uh the Industrial Designer. Okay.

So we can move to the next slide. As you all know , you know m my job is to design you know uh to give an industrial design of the remote control. So the re basically the remote control will be , you know , infrared control , so the problem is how to relate the


So , Baba is the uh the Industrial Designer. Okay.

So we can move to the next slide. As you all know , you know m my job is to design you know uh to give an industrial design of the remote control. So the re basically the remote control will be , you know , infrared control , so the problem is how to relate the

how to relate the remote control device , like for example this one I h I'm holding in my hand and the T_V_. So , this one is leather bu based


So we can move to the next slide. As you all know , you know m my job is to design you know uh to give an industrial design of the remote control. So the re basically the remote control will be , you know , infrared control , so the problem is how to relate the

how to relate the remote control device , like for example this one I h I'm holding in my hand and the T_V_. So , this one is leather bu based


how to relate the remote control device , like for example this one I h I'm holding in my hand and the T_V_. So , this one is leather bu based

but  I propose a nifra infrared base  you know , so so for me I think that it is better  it's bet it's better to control T_V_


how to relate the remote control device , like for example this one I h I'm holding in my hand and the T_V_. So , this one is leather bu based

but  I propose a nifra infrared base  you know , so so for me I think that it is better  it's bet it's better to control T_V_

so you know , so it's it will be cheaper and it is less technology than , you know  For the cheap price we have , for the cheap price we want to


but  I propose a nifra infrared base  you know , so so for me I think that it is better  it's bet it's better to control T_V_

so you know , so it's it will be cheaper and it is less technology than , you know  For the cheap price we have , for the cheap price we want to


but  I propose a nifra infrared base  you know , so so for me I think that it is better  it's bet it's better to control T_V_

so you know , so it's it will be cheaper and it is less technology than , you know  For the cheap price we have , for the cheap price we want to

So you mean that infrared control is a cheap technology ?


so you know , so it's it will be cheaper and it is less technology than , you know  For the cheap price we have , for the cheap price we want to

So you mean that infrared control is a cheap technology ?


So you mean that infrared control is a cheap technology ?


So you mean that infrared control is a cheap technology ?

Yeah. Do y you know the requirements for the remote control ? Twelve , nearly thirteen ,


Yeah. Do y you know the requirements for the remote control ? Twelve , nearly thirteen ,


Yeah , I think for the cost we want  for the cost we want   it's better to have uh uh Let's see. Yeah. You can move to the next slide , so. So the di the differen the findings you know what you find inside the re i the the system here inside it is just , you know a bulb and an infrared bulb , so here for example the infrared bulb will be here


Yeah , I think for the cost we want  for the cost we want   it's better to have uh uh Let's see. Yeah. You can move to the next slide , so. So the di the differen the findings you know what you find inside the re i the the system here inside it is just , you know a bulb and an infrared bulb , so here for example the infrared bulb will be here

and the bulb it will be somewhere inside.


and the bulb it will be somewhere inside.


I have some kind of pictures you know , here. You have the b the bulb , it is a blue the blue stuff here and the infrared and the infrared bulb it is the red stuff


I have some kind of pictures you know , here. You have the b the bulb , it is a blue the blue stuff here and the infrared and the infrared bulb it is the red stuff

you know and so and you have the other subcomponent that are not really here so important , so.


you know and so and you have the other subcomponent that are not really here so important , so.

This is in fact some other component that are in between the electrical de the electronic device.


This is in fact some other component that are in between the electrical de the electronic device.

Look. But here what I wanted to emphasise it is just you know the bulb and .


Look. But here what I wanted to emphasise it is just you know the bulb and .

So and the next slide , it is the last one it's  So it's  I think it should be wire  wireless re remote con  Because you know , it's easier to manage and you know because you f the b the the battery problem can hold you know will you use a battery or the a wire to connected you. Or maybe some kind of thing that we can have both , but you know , I at my side prefer a wireless.


So and the next slide , it is the last one it's  So it's  I think it should be wire  wireless re remote con  Because you know , it's easier to manage and you know because you f the b the the battery problem can hold you know will you use a battery or the a wire to connected you. Or maybe some kind of thing that we can have both , but you know , I at my side prefer a wireless.


So and the next slide , it is the last one it's  So it's  I think it should be wire  wireless re remote con  Because you know , it's easier to manage and you know because you f the b the the battery problem can hold you know will you use a battery or the a wire to connected you. Or maybe some kind of thing that we can have both , but you know , I at my side prefer a wireless.

Okay , so if you have some question I didn't answer ?


Okay , so if you have some question I didn't answer ?

What's the average price of this technology then ?


Okay , so if you have some question I didn't answer ?

What's the average price of this technology then ?

Well the avera the average prices I think that this technology will cost , I dunno , around eight Euros , so. Or at least you know , the


Okay , so if you have some question I didn't answer ?

What's the average price of this technology then ?

Well the avera the average prices I think that this technology will cost , I dunno , around eight Euros , so. Or at least you know , the

So what , the wireless remote control ? There's a wire  with remote control ?


What's the average price of this technology then ?

Well the avera the average prices I think that this technology will cost , I dunno , around eight Euros , so. Or at least you know , the

So what , the wireless remote control ? There's a wire  with remote control ?

You'd  yes , you can. It's so so bres you have to decide how how you will you know , put some energy inside , so you can think about wireless or you know it's it's a question that we can raise , so. We can think that you know , with the wire , you know , without a wire. We can have both also.


Well the avera the average prices I think that this technology will cost , I dunno , around eight Euros , so. Or at least you know , the

So what , the wireless remote control ? There's a wire  with remote control ?

You'd  yes , you can. It's so so bres you have to decide how how you will you know , put some energy inside , so you can think about wireless or you know it's it's a question that we can raise , so. We can think that you know , with the wire , you know , without a wire. We can have both also.


So what , the wireless remote control ? There's a wire  with remote control ?

You'd  yes , you can. It's so so bres you have to decide how how you will you know , put some energy inside , so you can think about wireless or you know it's it's a question that we can raise , so. We can think that you know , with the wire , you know , without a wire. We can have both also.

So you think that uh  a cable between the remote control  and the T_V_   won't be a good idea.


You'd  yes , you can. It's so so bres you have to decide how how you will you know , put some energy inside , so you can think about wireless or you know it's it's a question that we can raise , so. We can think that you know , with the wire , you know , without a wire. We can have both also.

So you think that uh  a cable between the remote control  and the T_V_   won't be a good idea.


So you think that uh  a cable between the remote control  and the T_V_   won't be a good idea.

No it wou maybe it will be cheaper  I dunno , I just may maybe you making a solu


So you think that uh  a cable between the remote control  and the T_V_   won't be a good idea.

No it wou maybe it will be cheaper  I dunno , I just may maybe you making a solu

But this is what you would like to ask the user first and I don't think the user would be ready to have a


No it wou maybe it will be cheaper  I dunno , I just may maybe you making a solu

But this is what you would like to ask the user first and I don't think the user would be ready to have a


But this is what you would like to ask the user first and I don't think the user would be ready to have a


I don't think  well , yeah , I don't think he would ,


I don't think  well , yeah , I don't think he would ,

Yeah , but some pa I always want to have you know ,


I don't think  well , yeah , I don't think he would ,

Yeah , but some pa I always want to have you know ,

sometime I want to have wire because you know.


Yeah , but some pa I always want to have you know ,

sometime I want to have wire because you know.

Yeah but as Industrial Designer , do you think that it will be feasible to have uh linked or to have link between the remote control and the television ?


sometime I want to have wire because you know.

Yeah but as Industrial Designer , do you think that it will be feasible to have uh linked or to have link between the remote control and the television ?

I'm just asking you. Do you think it will be cheaper ?


sometime I want to have wire because you know.

Yeah but as Industrial Designer , do you think that it will be feasible to have uh linked or to have link between the remote control and the television ?

I'm just asking you. Do you think it will be cheaper ?

Uh ,  I don't  think it will be too much.


Yeah but as Industrial Designer , do you think that it will be feasible to have uh linked or to have link between the remote control and the television ?

I'm just asking you. Do you think it will be cheaper ?

Uh ,  I don't  think it will be too much.


I'm just asking you. Do you think it will be cheaper ?

Uh ,  I don't  think it will be too much.


Uh ,  I don't  think it will be too much.

Have to think about the question , you know , 'cause it's  I think that you know you can always you know


Have to think about the question , you know , 'cause it's  I think that you know you can always you know


Have to think about the question , you know , 'cause it's  I think that you know you can always you know

I think wha wha with the wire it's mm cheaper but you know the wireless it's more practical , so.


Have to think about the question , you know , 'cause it's  I think that you know you can always you know

I think wha wha with the wire it's mm cheaper but you know the wireless it's more practical , so.

Yeah , but I think the wireless problem is more the um David Jordan's problem.


I think wha wha with the wire it's mm cheaper but you know the wireless it's more practical , so.

Yeah , but I think the wireless problem is more the um David Jordan's problem.


Yeah , but I think the wireless problem is more the um David Jordan's problem.


I think it's more your problem. Mayb maybe you have just to to kind of research or try to ask people if they will like something wireless or not.


Yeah but , it should be an agreement , you know , because  even if you can think of the wireless , it is it's it is the job of the  the the g Graphical User Designer , but you know. If it is a lot cheaper and if you want to reach for example some the the money you have , if you want to use ,  so  it can be good to have a wireless , it it is a question.


Yeah. Just think of the problem. If when you have wireless remote control and if you lose it ?


Yeah. Just think of the problem. If when you have wireless remote control and if you lose it ?

I think it's would be easier to have  a link between the remote control and the television ,


I think it's would be easier to have  a link between the remote control and the television ,

Well that's actually one of the point , yeah ? True.


I think it's would be easier to have  a link between the remote control and the television ,

Well that's actually one of the point , yeah ? True.

This you will see in my presentation then.


Well that's actually one of the point , yeah ? True.

This you will see in my presentation then.

So I will let you to do your presentation , so.


This you will see in my presentation then.

So I will let you to do your presentation , so.


So I will let you to do your presentation , so.

Which is participant four. So just trying to answer all the questions , if the user would be happy to have something or something else uh. We've made a study , so could you go to next slide.


Which is participant four. So just trying to answer all the questions , if the user would be happy to have something or something else uh. We've made a study , so could you go to next slide.

Sorry for the functional recurrence. So that's the standard method for marketing , okay. We had one hundred subjects , um , we observe their remote control use in a lab and then after all the experiments they had to fill up a questionnaire , um , and see what was okay or not for them.


Which is participant four. So just trying to answer all the questions , if the user would be happy to have something or something else uh. We've made a study , so could you go to next slide.

Sorry for the functional recurrence. So that's the standard method for marketing , okay. We had one hundred subjects , um , we observe their remote control use in a lab and then after all the experiments they had to fill up a questionnaire , um , and see what was okay or not for them.

Okay. So then it's some statistics about what we observed and what they answered. Um actually seventy five percent of the users find m the most remote controls uh ugly , okay , so that's


Sorry for the functional recurrence. So that's the standard method for marketing , okay. We had one hundred subjects , um , we observe their remote control use in a lab and then after all the experiments they had to fill up a questionnaire , um , and see what was okay or not for them.

Okay. So then it's some statistics about what we observed and what they answered. Um actually seventy five percent of the users find m the most remote controls uh ugly , okay , so that's

You mean the loo the look , the outside ?


Okay. So then it's some statistics about what we observed and what they answered. Um actually seventy five percent of the users find m the most remote controls uh ugly , okay , so that's

You mean the loo the look , the outside ?


You mean the loo the look , the outside ?


so uh it's your job , David , maybe. Then eighty percent of users would spend more money um actually if if the remote controls were not so ugly. So this is where we could have uh yeah , good market , I guess , if people are ready to pay more.


Mm - hmm. Good. I know that he 's going to like , Taiwan and other places to eat. So.


I just had one of the most frustrating meetings of my career.


I just had one of the most frustrating meetings of my career.

It 's definitely not the most frustrating meeting I 've ever had.


I just had one of the most frustrating meetings of my career.

It 's definitely not the most frustrating meeting I 've ever had.

You a You 're  you remember you 're being recorded at this point.


I just had one of the most frustrating meetings of my career.

It 's definitely not the most frustrating meeting I 've ever had.

You a You 're  you remember you 're being recorded at this point.

Oh , yeah , so , w we didn't yet specify with whom.


It 's definitely not the most frustrating meeting I 've ever had.

You a You 're  you remember you 're being recorded at this point.

Oh , yeah , so , w we didn't yet specify with whom.


You a You 're  you remember you 're being recorded at this point.

Oh , yeah , so , w we didn't yet specify with whom.


Oh , yeah , so , w we didn't yet specify with whom.


So that 's why Keith and I are going to be a little dazed for the first half m the meeting.


So that 's why Keith and I are going to be a little dazed for the first half m the meeting.

Huh. Yeah , I 'm just gonna sit here and


So that 's why Keith and I are going to be a little dazed for the first half m the meeting.

Huh. Yeah , I 'm just gonna sit here and

Right. Yeah , I  I  I avoided that as long as I could for you guys ,


Huh. Yeah , I 'm just gonna sit here and

Right. Yeah , I  I  I avoided that as long as I could for you guys ,


Right. Yeah , I  I  I avoided that as long as I could for you guys ,


I know you were  you were doing that , but , anyway.


I know you were  you were doing that , but , anyway.

Oh yeah , how di how d exactly did , uh , that paper lead to anti - lock brakes ?


I know you were  you were doing that , but , anyway.

Oh yeah , how di how d exactly did , uh , that paper lead to anti - lock brakes ?

Oh , I could tell you had a rough day , man !


Oh yeah , how di how d exactly did , uh , that paper lead to anti - lock brakes ?

Oh , I could tell you had a rough day , man !


Oh , I could tell you had a rough day , man !


Oh yeah , um , Liz suggested we could start off by uh , doing the digits all at the same time.


Oh yeah , um , Liz suggested we could start off by uh , doing the digits all at the same time.

All at the same time. I don't know if  I would get distracted and confused , probably.


Oh yeah , um , Liz suggested we could start off by uh , doing the digits all at the same time.

All at the same time. I don't know if  I would get distracted and confused , probably.

Really ? Do we have to like , synchronize ?


All at the same time. I don't know if  I would get distracted and confused , probably.

Really ? Do we have to like , synchronize ?

Well , I think you 're supposed to  OK. We can do this.


Really ? Do we have to like , synchronize ?

Well , I think you 're supposed to  OK. We can do this.


Well , I think you 're supposed to  OK. We can do this.


Yeah , do we have to time them at the same time or just overlapping


Yeah , do we have to time them at the same time or just overlapping

No , no , just  just start whenever you want.


No , no , just  just start whenever you want.


Well , they  they have s they have the close talking microphones for each of us ,


Are we gonna start all our meetings out that way from now on ?


Are we to r Just to make sure I know what 's going on , we 're talking about Robert 's thesis proposal today ? Is that


Well , you  you had s you said there were two things that you might wanna do. One was rehearse your i i talk


Well , you  you had s you said there were two things that you might wanna do. One was rehearse your i i talk

Not  not rehearse , I mean , I have just not spent any time on it , so I can show you what I 've got , get your input on it , and maybe some suggestions , that would be great. And the same is true for the proposal. I will have time to do some revision and some additional stuff on various airplanes and trains. So , um. I don't know how much of a chance you had to actually read it


Not  not rehearse , I mean , I have just not spent any time on it , so I can show you what I 've got , get your input on it , and maybe some suggestions , that would be great. And the same is true for the proposal. I will have time to do some revision and some additional stuff on various airplanes and trains. So , um. I don't know how much of a chance you had to actually read it


but you could always send me comments per electronic mail


Um ,  the  It basically says , well " this is construal " , and then it continues to say that one could potentially build a probabilistic relational model that has some general , domain - general rules how things are construed , and then the idea is to use ontology , situation , user , and discourse model to instantiate elements in the classes of the probabilistic relational model  to do some inferences in terms of what is being construed as what


Um ,  the  It basically says , well " this is construal " , and then it continues to say that one could potentially build a probabilistic relational model that has some general , domain - general rules how things are construed , and then the idea is to use ontology , situation , user , and discourse model to instantiate elements in the classes of the probabilistic relational model  to do some inferences in terms of what is being construed as what

in our beloved tourism domain. But , with a focus on


in our beloved tourism domain. But , with a focus on


OK , we can  we can  we can pass  pass my , uh  we can pass my extra copy around.


OK , we can  we can  we can pass  pass my , uh  we can pass my extra copy around.

Er , actually , my only copy , now that I think about it ,


Er , actually , my only copy , now that I think about it ,


but. I already read half of it , so it 's OK.


but. I already read half of it , so it 's OK.

Um , actually this is the  the newest version after your comments ,


Um , actually this is the  the newest version after your comments ,

Yeah , no I s I s I see this has got the castle in it , and stuff like that.


Yeah , no I s I s I see this has got the castle in it , and stuff like that.


Yeah , no I s I s I see this has got the castle in it , and stuff like that.

Oh , maybe the version I didn't have that I  mine  the w did the one you sent on the email have the


Oh , maybe the version I didn't have that I  mine  the w did the one you sent on the email have the


OK. Cuz I read halfway but I didn't see a castle thing.


um , if you would have checked your email you may have received a note from Yees asking you to send me the , uh , up - to - d


um , if you would have checked your email you may have received a note from Yees asking you to send me the , uh , up - to - d

current formalism thing that you presented.


current formalism thing that you presented.

But for this it doesn't matter. But , uh


current formalism thing that you presented.

But for this it doesn't matter. But , uh

We can talk about it later. That 's not even ready , so. Um , OK ! Go on t to , uh , whatever.


But for this it doesn't matter. But , uh

We can talk about it later. That 's not even ready , so. Um , OK ! Go on t to , uh , whatever.


But for this it doesn't matter. But , uh

We can talk about it later. That 's not even ready , so. Um , OK ! Go on t to , uh , whatever.

I 'm making changes. " Don't worry about that. " OK. Mmm - mmm. Oh ! OK , sorry , go on.


We can talk about it later. That 's not even ready , so. Um , OK ! Go on t to , uh , whatever.

I 'm making changes. " Don't worry about that. " OK. Mmm - mmm. Oh ! OK , sorry , go on.

And any type of comment whether it 's a spelling or a syntax or


I 'm making changes. " Don't worry about that. " OK. Mmm - mmm. Oh ! OK , sorry , go on.

And any type of comment whether it 's a spelling or a syntax or


And any type of comment whether it 's a spelling or a syntax or

There 's only one " S " in " interesting ".


There 's only one " S " in " interesting ".


There 's only one " S " in " interesting ". On page five.


There 's only one " S " in " interesting ". On page five.

Anyway. And y uh , email any time , but most usefully before


Anyway. And y uh , email any time , but most usefully before


That 's when I 'm meeting with Wolfgang Wahlster to sell him this idea.


That 's when I 'm meeting with Wolfgang Wahlster to sell him this idea.

OK ? Then I 'm also going to present a little talk at EML , about what we have done here and so of course , I 'm  I 'm gonna start out with this slide , so the most relevant aspects of our stay here , and um , then I 'm asking them to imagine that they 're standing somewhere in Heidelberg and someone asks them in the morning  The Cave Forty - Five is a  is a well - known discotheque which is certainly not open at that  that time. And so


OK ? Then I 'm also going to present a little talk at EML , about what we have done here and so of course , I 'm  I 'm gonna start out with this slide , so the most relevant aspects of our stay here , and um , then I 'm asking them to imagine that they 're standing somewhere in Heidelberg and someone asks them in the morning  The Cave Forty - Five is a  is a well - known discotheque which is certainly not open at that  that time. And so

they 're supposed to imagine that , you know , do they think the person wants to go there , or just know where it is ? Uh , which is probably not , uh , the case in that discotheque example , or in the Bavaria example , you just want to know where it is. And so forth. So basically we can make a point that here is ontological knowledge but if it 's nine  nine PM in the evening then the discotheque question would be , for example , one that might ask for directions instead of just location. Um ,  and so forth and so forth. That 's sort of motivating it. Then what have we done so far ? We had our little bit of , um , um , SmartKom stuff , that we did , um , everth


OK ? Then I 'm also going to present a little talk at EML , about what we have done here and so of course , I 'm  I 'm gonna start out with this slide , so the most relevant aspects of our stay here , and um , then I 'm asking them to imagine that they 're standing somewhere in Heidelberg and someone asks them in the morning  The Cave Forty - Five is a  is a well - known discotheque which is certainly not open at that  that time. And so

they 're supposed to imagine that , you know , do they think the person wants to go there , or just know where it is ? Uh , which is probably not , uh , the case in that discotheque example , or in the Bavaria example , you just want to know where it is. And so forth. So basically we can make a point that here is ontological knowledge but if it 's nine  nine PM in the evening then the discotheque question would be , for example , one that might ask for directions instead of just location. Um ,  and so forth and so forth. That 's sort of motivating it. Then what have we done so far ? We had our little bit of , um , um , SmartKom stuff , that we did , um , everth

Oh , you 've got the parser done. Sorry.


they 're supposed to imagine that , you know , do they think the person wants to go there , or just know where it is ? Uh , which is probably not , uh , the case in that discotheque example , or in the Bavaria example , you just want to know where it is. And so forth. So basically we can make a point that here is ontological knowledge but if it 's nine  nine PM in the evening then the discotheque question would be , for example , one that might ask for directions instead of just location. Um ,  and so forth and so forth. That 's sort of motivating it. Then what have we done so far ? We had our little bit of , um , um , SmartKom stuff , that we did , um , everth

Oh , you 've got the parser done. Sorry.

That 's the  not the construction parser. That 's the , uh , tablet - based parser ,


Oh , you 've got the parser done. Sorry.

That 's the  not the construction parser. That 's the , uh , tablet - based parser ,


That 's the  not the construction parser. That 's the , uh , tablet - based parser ,


Yeah. Well , i it , you know. Maybe twelve.


Yeah. Well , i it , you know. Maybe twelve.

Twelve ? OK. And , um , and Fey is doing the synthesis stuff as we speak. That 's all about that. Then I 'm going to talk about the data , you know these things about  uh , actually I have an example , probably. Two s Can you hear that ? Or should I turn the l volume on.


Twelve ? OK. And , um , and Fey is doing the synthesis stuff as we speak. That 's all about that. Then I 'm going to talk about the data , you know these things about  uh , actually I have an example , probably. Two s Can you hear that ? Or should I turn the l volume on.


They might not hear it in the  well maybe they will. I don't know.


But they 're  they 're mimicking the synthesis when they speak to the computer ,


But they 're  they 're mimicking the synthesis when they speak to the computer ,

the  you can observe that all the time , they 're trying to match their prosody onto the machine.


But they 're  they 're mimicking the synthesis when they speak to the computer ,

the  you can observe that all the time , they 're trying to match their prosody onto the machine.

Oh really. Interesting. Oh , it 's pretty slow.


the  you can observe that all the time , they 're trying to match their prosody onto the machine.

Oh really. Interesting. Oh , it 's pretty slow.


Oh really. Interesting. Oh , it 's pretty slow.


OK. And so forth and so forth. Um , I will talk about our problems with the rephrasing , and how we solved it , and some preliminary observations , also , um , I 'm not gonna put in the figures from Liz , but I thought it would interesting to , uh , um , point out that it 's basically the same. Um , as in every human - human telephone conversation , and the human - computer telephone conversation is of course quite d quite different from , uh , some first , uh , observations. Then sort of feed you back to our original problem cuz , uh  how to get there , what actually is happening there today , and then maybe talk about the big picture here , e tell a little bit  as much as I  can about the NTL story. I  I wa I do wanna , um  I 'm not quite sure about this , whether I should put this in , um , that , you know , you have these two sort of different ideas that are  or two different camps of people envisioning how language understanding works , and then ,  talk a bit about the embodied and simulation approach favored here and as a prelude , I 'll talk about monkeys in Italy. And , um , Srini was gonna send me some slides but he didn't do it , so from  but I have the paper , I can make a resume of that , and then I stole an X - schema from one of your talks I think.


OK. And so forth and so forth. Um , I will talk about our problems with the rephrasing , and how we solved it , and some preliminary observations , also , um , I 'm not gonna put in the figures from Liz , but I thought it would interesting to , uh , um , point out that it 's basically the same. Um , as in every human - human telephone conversation , and the human - computer telephone conversation is of course quite d quite different from , uh , some first , uh , observations. Then sort of feed you back to our original problem cuz , uh  how to get there , what actually is happening there today , and then maybe talk about the big picture here , e tell a little bit  as much as I  can about the NTL story. I  I wa I do wanna , um  I 'm not quite sure about this , whether I should put this in , um , that , you know , you have these two sort of different ideas that are  or two different camps of people envisioning how language understanding works , and then ,  talk a bit about the embodied and simulation approach favored here and as a prelude , I 'll talk about monkeys in Italy. And , um , Srini was gonna send me some slides but he didn't do it , so from  but I have the paper , I can make a resume of that , and then I stole an X - schema from one of your talks I think.

Oh. I was like , " where 'd you get that ? " OK.


Oh. I was like , " where 'd you get that ? " OK.

I think that 's Bergen , Chang , something , or the other.


I think that 's Bergen , Chang , something , or the other.


Um , and that 's  now I 'm not going to bring that. So that 's basically what I have , so far , and the rest is for airplanes. So X - schemas , then , I would like to do  talk about the construction aspect and then at the end about our Bayes - net.


Um , and that 's  now I 'm not going to bring that. So that 's basically what I have , so far , and the rest is for airplanes. So X - schemas , then , I would like to do  talk about the construction aspect and then at the end about our Bayes - net.

End of story. Anything I forgot that we should mention ? Oh , maybe the FMRI stuff. Should I mention the fact that , um , we 're also actually started  going to start to look at people 's brains in a more direct way ?


Um , and that 's  now I 'm not going to bring that. So that 's basically what I have , so far , and the rest is for airplanes. So X - schemas , then , I would like to do  talk about the construction aspect and then at the end about our Bayes - net.

End of story. Anything I forgot that we should mention ? Oh , maybe the FMRI stuff. Should I mention the fact that , um , we 're also actually started  going to start to look at people 's brains in a more direct way ?

You certainly can. I mean I y I you know , I don't know


End of story. Anything I forgot that we should mention ? Oh , maybe the FMRI stuff. Should I mention the fact that , um , we 're also actually started  going to start to look at people 's brains in a more direct way ?

You certainly can. I mean I y I you know , I don't know

You might just wanna like , tack that on , as a comment , to something.


You certainly can. I mean I y I you know , I don't know

You might just wanna like , tack that on , as a comment , to something.


You might just wanna like , tack that on , as a comment , to something.

Well , the time to mention it , if you mention it , is when you talk about mirror neurons , then you should talk about the more recent stuff , about the kicking


Well , the time to mention it , if you mention it , is when you talk about mirror neurons , then you should talk about the more recent stuff , about the kicking


Well , the time to mention it , if you mention it , is when you talk about mirror neurons , then you should talk about the more recent stuff , about the kicking

and , you know , the  yeah , yeah  and  that the plan is to see to what extent the  you 'll get the same phenomena with stories about this , so that


and , you know , the  yeah , yeah  and  that the plan is to see to what extent the  you 'll get the same phenomena with stories about this , so that

and that we 're planning to do this , um , which , we are. So that 's one thing. Um. Depends. I mean , there is a , um , whole language learning story , OK ?


and that we 're planning to do this , um , which , we are. So that 's one thing. Um. Depends. I mean , there is a , um , whole language learning story , OK ?

which , uh , actually , i i even on your five - layer slide , you  you 've got an old one that  that leaves that off.


which , uh , actually , i i even on your five - layer slide , you  you 've got an old one that  that leaves that off.


Um. And , of course , you know , the  the big picture is this bit.


Um. And , of course , you know , the  the big picture is this bit.

But , you know , it would  But I don't think I  I am capable of  of do pulling this off and doing justice to the matter. I mean , there is interesting stuff in her terms of how language works , so the emergentism story would be nice to be  you know , it would be nice to tell people how  what 's happening there , plus how the , uh , language learning stuff works ,


Um. And , of course , you know , the  the big picture is this bit.

But , you know , it would  But I don't think I  I am capable of  of do pulling this off and doing justice to the matter. I mean , there is interesting stuff in her terms of how language works , so the emergentism story would be nice to be  you know , it would be nice to tell people how  what 's happening there , plus how the , uh , language learning stuff works ,

OK , so , so anyway , I  I agree that 's not central.


But , you know , it would  But I don't think I  I am capable of  of do pulling this off and doing justice to the matter. I mean , there is interesting stuff in her terms of how language works , so the emergentism story would be nice to be  you know , it would be nice to tell people how  what 's happening there , plus how the , uh , language learning stuff works ,

OK , so , so anyway , I  I agree that 's not central.


OK , so , so anyway , I  I agree that 's not central.

What you might wanna do is , um , and may not , but you might wanna  this is  rip off a bunch of the slides on the anal there  the  there  we 've got various i generations of slides that show language analysis , and matching to the underlying image schemas , and , um , how the construction and simulation  that ho that whole th


What you might wanna do is , um , and may not , but you might wanna  this is  rip off a bunch of the slides on the anal there  the  there  we 've got various i generations of slides that show language analysis , and matching to the underlying image schemas , and , um , how the construction and simulation  that ho that whole th

Yeah , th that  that 's c that comes up to the X - schema slide ,


What you might wanna do is , um , and may not , but you might wanna  this is  rip off a bunch of the slides on the anal there  the  there  we 've got various i generations of slides that show language analysis , and matching to the underlying image schemas , and , um , how the construction and simulation  that ho that whole th

Yeah , th that  that 's c that comes up to the X - schema slide ,

so basically I 'm gonna steal that from Nancy ,


Yeah , th that  that 's c that comes up to the X - schema slide ,

so basically I 'm gonna steal that from Nancy ,

OK , I can give you a more recent  if you want


so basically I 'm gonna steal that from Nancy ,

OK , I can give you a more recent  if you want


OK , I can give you a more recent  if you want

Uh , I  yeah , but I also have stuff you  trash you left over ,


Uh , I  yeah , but I also have stuff you  trash you left over ,


Uh , I  yeah , but I also have stuff you  trash you left over ,

The quals w the  the  the quals slides would be fine.


The quals w the  the  the quals slides would be fine.


The quals w the  the  the quals slides would be fine.

Which I can even email you then , you know , like there probably was a little  few changes , not a big deal. Yeah , you could steal anything you want , I don't care. Which you 've already done , obviously. So. Sorry


Which I can even email you then , you know , like there probably was a little  few changes , not a big deal. Yeah , you could steal anything you want , I don't care. Which you 've already done , obviously. So. Sorry

Well , I  I don't feel bad about it at all


Which I can even email you then , you know , like there probably was a little  few changes , not a big deal. Yeah , you could steal anything you want , I don't care. Which you 've already done , obviously. So. Sorry

Well , I  I don't feel bad about it at all

because  because you are on the , uh , title.


Well , I  I don't feel bad about it at all

because  because you are on the , uh , title.


because  because you are on the , uh , title.

I mean on the  the , you 're  that 's  see , that 's you.


I mean on the  the , you 're  that 's  see , that 's you.


I mean I might even mention that this work you 're doing is sort of also with the MPI in Leipzig , so.


I mean I might even mention that this work you 're doing is sort of also with the MPI in Leipzig , so.

Because , um , EML is building up a huge thing in Leipzig.


Because , um , EML is building up a huge thing in Leipzig.


Because , um , EML is building up a huge thing in Leipzig.

Yeah , it 's different , this is the , uh , DNA building , or someth the double helix building.


Yeah , it 's different , this is the , uh , DNA building , or someth the double helix building.


The  yeah it was  it turns out that if  if you have multiple billions of dollars , y you can do all sorts of weird things , and


The  yeah it was  it turns out that if  if you have multiple billions of dollars , y you can do all sorts of weird things , and

Wait , they 're building a building in the shape of DNA ,


Wait , they 're building a building in the shape of DNA ,


You d you really  now I I spent  the last time I was there I spent maybe two hours hearing this story which is , um


You d you really  now I I spent  the last time I was there I spent maybe two hours hearing this story which is , um

Y You definitely wanna w don't wanna waste that money on research ,


Y You definitely wanna w don't wanna waste that money on research ,


Right. Well , no , no , y i there 's infinite money. See you th you th you then fill it with researchers.


Right. Well , no , no , y i there 's infinite money. See you th you th you then fill it with researchers.

And give them more money. They just want a fun place for them to  to work.


Right. Well , no , no , y i there 's infinite money. See you th you th you then fill it with researchers.

And give them more money. They just want a fun place for them to  to work.

And everybody gets a trampoline in their office.


And give them more money. They just want a fun place for them to  to work.

And everybody gets a trampoline in their office.

Well , the  the offices are actually a little  the , think of um , ramps , coming out of the double helix and then you have these half - domes , glass half - domes , and the offices are in  in the glass half - dome.


And everybody gets a trampoline in their office.

Well , the  the offices are actually a little  the , think of um , ramps , coming out of the double helix and then you have these half - domes , glass half - domes , and the offices are in  in the glass half - dome.


Well , the  the offices are actually a little  the , think of um , ramps , coming out of the double helix and then you have these half - domes , glass half - domes , and the offices are in  in the glass half - dome.

Alright , let 's stop talking about this.


Alright , let 's stop talking about this.


So , yeah , I think that 's  that 's a good point , th th that the date , the , uh , a lot of the  this is interacting with , uh , people in Italy but also definitely the people in Leipzig and the  the b the combination of the biology and the Leipzig connection might be interesting to these guys , yeah. OK. OK. Anyway ! Enough of that , let 's talk about your thesis proposal.


So , yeah , I think that 's  that 's a good point , th th that the date , the , uh , a lot of the  this is interacting with , uh , people in Italy but also definitely the people in Leipzig and the  the b the combination of the biology and the Leipzig connection might be interesting to these guys , yeah. OK. OK. Anyway ! Enough of that , let 's talk about your thesis proposal.

Yeah , if somebody has something to say.


So , yeah , I think that 's  that 's a good point , th th that the date , the , uh , a lot of the  this is interacting with , uh , people in Italy but also definitely the people in Leipzig and the  the b the combination of the biology and the Leipzig connection might be interesting to these guys , yeah. OK. OK. Anyway ! Enough of that , let 's talk about your thesis proposal.

Yeah , if somebody has something to say.

You might want to , uh , double - check the spellings of the authors ' names on your references , you had a few , uh , misspells in your slides , there. Like I believe you had " Jackendorf ".


Yeah , if somebody has something to say.

You might want to , uh , double - check the spellings of the authors ' names on your references , you had a few , uh , misspells in your slides , there. Like I believe you had " Jackendorf ".


You might want to , uh , double - check the spellings of the authors ' names on your references , you had a few , uh , misspells in your slides , there. Like I believe you had " Jackendorf ".

Uh , unless there 's a person called " Jackendorf " ,


Uh , unless there 's a person called " Jackendorf " ,


Uh , unless there 's a person called " Jackendorf " ,

yeah. But that 's the only thing I noticed in there.


yeah. But that 's the only thing I noticed in there.


yeah. But that 's the only thing I noticed in there.

I 'll probably  I c might have  I 'll probably have comments for you separately , not important. Anyway.


I 'll probably  I c might have  I 'll probably have comments for you separately , not important. Anyway.


I 'll probably  I c might have  I 'll probably have comments for you separately , not important. Anyway.

Yeah , that 's what he was talking about.


Yeah , that 's what he was talking about.

I was ac actually worried about bibtex. Uh. No , that 's quite possible. That 's copy and paste from something.


Yeah , that 's what he was talking about.

I was ac actually worried about bibtex. Uh. No , that 's quite possible. That 's copy and paste from something.

So I did note i i it looks like the , uh , metaphor didn't get in yet.


I was ac actually worried about bibtex. Uh. No , that 's quite possible. That 's copy and paste from something.

So I did note i i it looks like the , uh , metaphor didn't get in yet.

Uh , it did , there is a reference to Srini


I was ac actually worried about bibtex. Uh. No , that 's quite possible. That 's copy and paste from something.

So I did note i i it looks like the , uh , metaphor didn't get in yet.

Uh , it did , there is a reference to Srini

Well , s reference is one thing , the question is is there any place  Oh , did you put in something about ,


So I did note i i it looks like the , uh , metaphor didn't get in yet.

Uh , it did , there is a reference to Srini

Well , s reference is one thing , the question is is there any place  Oh , did you put in something about ,


Uh , it did , there is a reference to Srini

Well , s reference is one thing , the question is is there any place  Oh , did you put in something about ,

uh , the individual , we 'd talked about putting in something about people had , uh  Oh yeah , OK. Good. I see where you have it. So the top of the second  of pa page two you have a sentence.


Well , s reference is one thing , the question is is there any place  Oh , did you put in something about ,

uh , the individual , we 'd talked about putting in something about people had , uh  Oh yeah , OK. Good. I see where you have it. So the top of the second  of pa page two you have a sentence.


uh , the individual , we 'd talked about putting in something about people had , uh  Oh yeah , OK. Good. I see where you have it. So the top of the second  of pa page two you have a sentence.

But , what I meant is , I think even before you give this , to Wahlster , uh , you should , unless you put it in the text , and I don't think it 's there yet , about  we talked about is the , um , scalability that you get by , um , combining the constructions with the general construal mechanism. Is that in there ?


But , what I meant is , I think even before you give this , to Wahlster , uh , you should , unless you put it in the text , and I don't think it 's there yet , about  we talked about is the , um , scalability that you get by , um , combining the constructions with the general construal mechanism. Is that in there ?

Uh , OK , so where  where is it , cuz I 'll have to take a look.


But , what I meant is , I think even before you give this , to Wahlster , uh , you should , unless you put it in the text , and I don't think it 's there yet , about  we talked about is the , um , scalability that you get by , um , combining the constructions with the general construal mechanism. Is that in there ?

Uh , OK , so where  where is it , cuz I 'll have to take a look.

Um , but I  I did not focus on that aspect but , um  Ehhh , um , it 's just underneath , uh , um , that reference to metaphor. So it 's the last paragraph before two. So on page two , um , the main focus


Uh , OK , so where  where is it , cuz I 'll have to take a look.

Um , but I  I did not focus on that aspect but , um  Ehhh , um , it 's just underneath , uh , um , that reference to metaphor. So it 's the last paragraph before two. So on page two , um , the main focus


Um , but I  I did not focus on that aspect but , um  Ehhh , um , it 's just underneath , uh , um , that reference to metaphor. So it 's the last paragraph before two. So on page two , um , the main focus


No , it  it  it s says it but it doesn't say  it doesn't  it d it d


Cuz let me tell the gang what I think the punch line is , because it 's actually important , which is , that , the constructions , that , uh , Nancy and Keith and friends are doing , uh , are , in a way , quite general but cover only base cases. And to make them apply to metaphorical cases and metonymic cases and all those things , requires this additional mechanism , of construal. And the punch line is , he claimed , that if you do this right , you can get essentially orthogonality , that if you introduce a new construction at  at the base level , it should com uh , interact with all the metonymies and metaphors so that all of the projections of it also should work.


Cuz let me tell the gang what I think the punch line is , because it 's actually important , which is , that , the constructions , that , uh , Nancy and Keith and friends are doing , uh , are , in a way , quite general but cover only base cases. And to make them apply to metaphorical cases and metonymic cases and all those things , requires this additional mechanism , of construal. And the punch line is , he claimed , that if you do this right , you can get essentially orthogonality , that if you introduce a new construction at  at the base level , it should com uh , interact with all the metonymies and metaphors so that all of the projections of it also should work.

And , similarly , if you introduce a new metaphor , it should then uh , compose with all of the constructions.


And , similarly , if you introduce a new metaphor , it should then uh , compose with all of the constructions.

And it  to the extent that that 's true then  then it 's a big win over anything that exists.


And , similarly , if you introduce a new metaphor , it should then uh , compose with all of the constructions.

And it  to the extent that that 's true then  then it 's a big win over anything that exists.

So does that mean instead of having tons and tons of rules in your context - free grammar you just have these base constructs and then a general mechanism for coercing them.


And it  to the extent that that 's true then  then it 's a big win over anything that exists.

So does that mean instead of having tons and tons of rules in your context - free grammar you just have these base constructs and then a general mechanism for coercing them.


And it  to the extent that that 's true then  then it 's a big win over anything that exists.

So does that mean instead of having tons and tons of rules in your context - free grammar you just have these base constructs and then a general mechanism for coercing them.

Mm - hmm. So that , you know , for example , uh , in the metaphor case , that you have a kind of direct idea of a source , path , and goal and any metaphorical one  and abstract goals and all that sort of stuff   you can do the same grammar.


So does that mean instead of having tons and tons of rules in your context - free grammar you just have these base constructs and then a general mechanism for coercing them.

Mm - hmm. So that , you know , for example , uh , in the metaphor case , that you have a kind of direct idea of a source , path , and goal and any metaphorical one  and abstract goals and all that sort of stuff   you can do the same grammar.


Mm - hmm. So that , you know , for example , uh , in the metaphor case , that you have a kind of direct idea of a source , path , and goal and any metaphorical one  and abstract goals and all that sort of stuff   you can do the same grammar.

And it is the same grammar. But , um , the trick is that the  the way the construction 's written it requires that the object of the preposition for example be a container. Well , " trouble " isn't a container , but it gets constr construed as a c container.


And it is the same grammar. But , um , the trick is that the  the way the construction 's written it requires that the object of the preposition for example be a container. Well , " trouble " isn't a container , but it gets constr construed as a c container.

Et cetera. So that 's  that 's where this , um ,


And it is the same grammar. But , um , the trick is that the  the way the construction 's written it requires that the object of the preposition for example be a container. Well , " trouble " isn't a container , but it gets constr construed as a c container.

Et cetera. So that 's  that 's where this , um ,

So with construal you don't have to have a construction for every possible thing that can fill the rule.


Et cetera. So that 's  that 's where this , um ,

So with construal you don't have to have a construction for every possible thing that can fill the rule.

Right. So 's it 's  it  it 's a very big deal , i i in this framework , and the thesis proposal as it stands doesn't , um , I don't think , say that as clearly as it could.


Et cetera. So that 's  that 's where this , um ,

So with construal you don't have to have a construction for every possible thing that can fill the rule.

Right. So 's it 's  it  it 's a very big deal , i i in this framework , and the thesis proposal as it stands doesn't , um , I don't think , say that as clearly as it could.

No , it doesn't say it at all. No. Even though   One could argue what  if there are basic cases , even. I mean , it seems like nothing is context - free.


So with construal you don't have to have a construction for every possible thing that can fill the rule.

Right. So 's it 's  it  it 's a very big deal , i i in this framework , and the thesis proposal as it stands doesn't , um , I don't think , say that as clearly as it could.

No , it doesn't say it at all. No. Even though   One could argue what  if there are basic cases , even. I mean , it seems like nothing is context - free.

Oh , nothing is context - free , but there are basic cases. That is , um , there are physical containers , there are physical paths , there  you know , et cetera.


Right. So 's it 's  it  it 's a very big deal , i i in this framework , and the thesis proposal as it stands doesn't , um , I don't think , say that as clearly as it could.

No , it doesn't say it at all. No. Even though   One could argue what  if there are basic cases , even. I mean , it seems like nothing is context - free.

Oh , nothing is context - free , but there are basic cases. That is , um , there are physical containers , there are physical paths , there  you know , et cetera.

But " walked into the cafe and ordered a drink , " and " walked into the cafe and broke his nose , " that 's sort of


No , it doesn't say it at all. No. Even though   One could argue what  if there are basic cases , even. I mean , it seems like nothing is context - free.

Oh , nothing is context - free , but there are basic cases. That is , um , there are physical containers , there are physical paths , there  you know , et cetera.

But " walked into the cafe and ordered a drink , " and " walked into the cafe and broke his nose , " that 's sort of

Oh , it doesn't mean that they 're unambiguous.


Oh , nothing is context - free , but there are basic cases. That is , um , there are physical containers , there are physical paths , there  you know , et cetera.

But " walked into the cafe and ordered a drink , " and " walked into the cafe and broke his nose , " that 's sort of

Oh , it doesn't mean that they 're unambiguous.


But " walked into the cafe and ordered a drink , " and " walked into the cafe and broke his nose , " that 's sort of

Oh , it doesn't mean that they 're unambiguous.

I mean , a cafe can be construed as a container , or it can be construed you know as  as a obstacle ,


Oh , it doesn't mean that they 're unambiguous.

I mean , a cafe can be construed as a container , or it can be construed you know as  as a obstacle ,


I mean , a cafe can be construed as a container , or it can be construed you know as  as a obstacle ,

or as some physical object. So there are multiple construals. And in fact that 's part of what has to be done. This is why there 's this interaction between the analysis and the construal.


or as some physical object. So there are multiple construals. And in fact that 's part of what has to be done. This is why there 's this interaction between the analysis and the construal.


So , uh , yeah , I mean , it doesn't magically make ambiguity go away.


So , uh , yeah , I mean , it doesn't magically make ambiguity go away.

But it does say that , uh , if you walked into the cafe and broke your nose , then you are construing the cafe as an obstacle.


But it does say that , uh , if you walked into the cafe and broke your nose , then you are construing the cafe as an obstacle.

And if that 's not consistent with other things , then you 've gotta reject that reading.


And if that 's not consistent with other things , then you 've gotta reject that reading.

You con  you conditioned me with your first sentence , and so I thought , " Why would he walk into the cafe and then somehow break his nose ? " uh , oh , uh


You con  you conditioned me with your first sentence , and so I thought , " Why would he walk into the cafe and then somehow break his nose ? " uh , oh , uh


You con  you conditioned me with your first sentence , and so I thought , " Why would he walk into the cafe and then somehow break his nose ? " uh , oh , uh

You don't find that usage , uh  uh , I checked for it in the Brown national corpus.


You don't find that usage , uh  uh , I checked for it in the Brown national corpus.


You don't find that usage , uh  uh , I checked for it in the Brown national corpus.

The " walk into it " never really means , w as in walked smack


The " walk into it " never really means , w as in walked smack

Yeah , but , y y if you find " walked smacked into the cafe " or " slammed into the wall "


Yeah , but , y y if you find " walked smacked into the cafe " or " slammed into the wall "


Yeah , but , y y if you find " walked smacked into the cafe " or " slammed into the wall "

Because you will find " run into , " uh ,


Because you will find " run into , " uh ,

Cars run into telephone poles all the time.


Cars run into telephone poles all the time.

you know  " His car ran into the cafe. "


you know  " His car ran into the cafe. "

Yeah. Or you can run into an old friend , or run.


you know  " His car ran into the cafe. "

Yeah. Or you can run into an old friend , or run.

Well , you can " run into " in that sense too.


you know  " His car ran into the cafe. "

Yeah. Or you can run into an old friend , or run.

Well , you can " run into " in that sense too.

Yeah , " run into " might even be more impact sense than , you know , container sense.


Yeah. Or you can run into an old friend , or run.

Well , you can " run into " in that sense too.

Yeah , " run into " might even be more impact sense than , you know , container sense.


Well , you can " run into " in that sense too.

Yeah , " run into " might even be more impact sense than , you know , container sense.


Yeah , " run into " might even be more impact sense than , you know , container sense.

But  Like , " run into an old friend " , it probably needs its own construction. I mean , uh , you know , George would have I 'm sure some exa complicated ex reason why it really was an instance of something else


But  Like , " run into an old friend " , it probably needs its own construction. I mean , uh , you know , George would have I 'm sure some exa complicated ex reason why it really was an instance of something else


But  Like , " run into an old friend " , it probably needs its own construction. I mean , uh , you know , George would have I 'm sure some exa complicated ex reason why it really was an instance of something else

and maybe it is , but , um , there are idioms and my guess is that 's one of them , but , um  I don't know.


But  Like , " run into an old friend " , it probably needs its own construction. I mean , uh , you know , George would have I 'm sure some exa complicated ex reason why it really was an instance of something else

and maybe it is , but , um , there are idioms and my guess is that 's one of them , but , um  I don't know.

All contact. I mean , there there 's contact that doesn't  social contact , whatever. I mean.


and maybe it is , but , um , there are idioms and my guess is that 's one of them , but , um  I don't know.

All contact. I mean , there there 's contact that doesn't  social contact , whatever. I mean.


All contact. I mean , there there 's contact that doesn't  social contact , whatever. I mean.

Yeah , but it 's  it 's  it 's  it 's  Right. i Yeah , it 's more


Yeah , but it 's  it 's  it 's  it 's  Right. i Yeah , it 's more


Yeah , but it 's  it 's  it 's  it 's  Right. i Yeah , it 's more

But of course , no , i i I mean it has a life of its own. It 's sort of partially inspired by the spatial


But of course , no , i i I mean it has a life of its own. It 's sort of partially inspired by the spatial


But of course , no , i i I mean it has a life of its own. It 's sort of partially inspired by the spatial

oh yeah , mo for sure , motivated , but then you can't parse on motivated.


oh yeah , mo for sure , motivated , but then you can't parse on motivated.


You should get a T - shirt that says that.


You should get a T - shirt that says that.

There 's  there 's lots of things you could make T - shirts out of , but , uh , this has gotten  I mean wh We don't need the words to that.


You should get a T - shirt that says that.

There 's  there 's lots of things you could make T - shirts out of , but , uh , this has gotten  I mean wh We don't need the words to that.

Pro - probably not your marks in the kitchen , today.


There 's  there 's lots of things you could make T - shirts out of , but , uh , this has gotten  I mean wh We don't need the words to that.

Pro - probably not your marks in the kitchen , today.

What ? Oh , no no no no no no no no no , we 're not going there.


Pro - probably not your marks in the kitchen , today.

What ? Oh , no no no no no no no no no , we 're not going there.


What ? Oh , no no no no no no no no no , we 're not going there.


anything else you want to ask us about the thesis proposal , you got


anything else you want to ask us about the thesis proposal , you got

We could look at a particular thing and give you feedback on it.


anything else you want to ask us about the thesis proposal , you got

We could look at a particular thing and give you feedback on it.

Well there  actually  the  i what would have been really nice is to find an example for all of this , uh , from our domain. So maybe if we w if we can make one up  now , that would be c incredibly helpful.


We could look at a particular thing and give you feedback on it.

Well there  actually  the  i what would have been really nice is to find an example for all of this , uh , from our domain. So maybe if we w if we can make one up  now , that would be c incredibly helpful.


Well there  actually  the  i what would have been really nice is to find an example for all of this , uh , from our domain. So maybe if we w if we can make one up  now , that would be c incredibly helpful.

uh  wh when you say all this , do you mean , like , I don't know , the related work stuff ,


uh  wh when you say all this , do you mean , like , I don't know , the related work stuff ,


uh  wh when you say all this , do you mean , like , I don't know , the related work stuff ,

w Well we have , for example , a canonical use of something


w Well we have , for example , a canonical use of something


w Well we have , for example , a canonical use of something

and y it 's , you know , we have some constructions and then it 's construed as something , and then we  we may get the same constructions with a metaphorical use that 's also relevant to the  to the domain.


w Well we have , for example , a canonical use of something

and y it 's , you know , we have some constructions and then it 's construed as something , and then we  we may get the same constructions with a metaphorical use that 's also relevant to the  to the domain.

OK , f let 's  let 's suppose you use " in " and " on ". I mean , that 's what you started with.


and y it 's , you know , we have some constructions and then it 's construed as something , and then we  we may get the same constructions with a metaphorical use that 's also relevant to the  to the domain.

OK , f let 's  let 's suppose you use " in " and " on ". I mean , that 's what you started with.


and y it 's , you know , we have some constructions and then it 's construed as something , and then we  we may get the same constructions with a metaphorical use that 's also relevant to the  to the domain.

OK , f let 's  let 's suppose you use " in " and " on ". I mean , that 's what you started with.

So " in the bus " and " on the bus , " um , that 's actually a little tricky in English because to some extent they 're synonyms. OK.


OK , f let 's  let 's suppose you use " in " and " on ". I mean , that 's what you started with.

So " in the bus " and " on the bus , " um , that 's actually a little tricky in English because to some extent they 're synonyms. OK.

I had two hours w with George on this , so it ,


So " in the bus " and " on the bus , " um , that 's actually a little tricky in English because to some extent they 're synonyms. OK.

I had two hours w with George on this , so it ,


I had two hours w with George on this , so it ,


" On the bus " is a m is a metaphorical metonymy that relates some meta path metaphorically and you 're on  on that path and th w I mean it 's  he  there 's a platform notion ,


" On the bus " is a m is a metaphorical metonymy that relates some meta path metaphorically and you 're on  on that path and th w I mean it 's  he  there 's a platform notion ,

Yeah , I  I believe all that , it 's just


" On the bus " is a m is a metaphorical metonymy that relates some meta path metaphorically and you 're on  on that path and th w I mean it 's  he  there 's a platform notion ,

Yeah , I  I believe all that , it 's just

right ? " he 's on the  standing on the bus waving to me. "


Yeah , I  I believe all that , it 's just

right ? " he 's on the  standing on the bus waving to me. "

But th the regular as we speak " J Johno was on the bus to New York , "


right ? " he 's on the  standing on the bus waving to me. "

But th the regular as we speak " J Johno was on the bus to New York , "


But th the regular as we speak " J Johno was on the bus to New York , "

um , uh , he 's  that 's , uh , what did I call it here , the transportation schema , something ,


um , uh , he 's  that 's , uh , what did I call it here , the transportation schema , something ,

where you can be on the first flight , on the second flight ,


where you can be on the first flight , on the second flight ,

and you can be , you know , on the wagon.


where you can be on the first flight , on the second flight ,

and you can be , you know , on the wagon.

Right. So  so that  that may or may not be what you  what you want to do. I mean you could do something much simpler


and you can be , you know , on the wagon.

Right. So  so that  that may or may not be what you  what you want to do. I mean you could do something much simpler


and you can be , you know , on the wagon.

Right. So  so that  that may or may not be what you  what you want to do. I mean you could do something much simpler

like " under the bus , " or something , where


Right. So  so that  that may or may not be what you  what you want to do. I mean you could do something much simpler

like " under the bus , " or something , where

But it 's  it 's  unfortunately , this is not really something a tourist would ever say. So.


like " under the bus , " or something , where

But it 's  it 's  unfortunately , this is not really something a tourist would ever say. So.

Well , unless he was repairing it or something ,


But it 's  it 's  unfortunately , this is not really something a tourist would ever say. So.

Well , unless he was repairing it or something ,


Well , unless he was repairing it or something ,


We had  we had  initially we 'd  started discussing the " out of film. "


We had  we had  initially we 'd  started discussing the " out of film. "

And there 's a lot of " out of " analysis , so , um ,


And there 's a lot of " out of " analysis , so , um ,

could we capture that with a different construal of


And there 's a lot of " out of " analysis , so , um ,

could we capture that with a different construal of

Yeah , it 's a little  it 's , uh  we 've thought about it before , uh t uh  to use the examples in other papers , and it 's  it 's a little complicated. Cuz you 're like , it 's a state of  there 's resource ,


could we capture that with a different construal of

Yeah , it 's a little  it 's , uh  we 've thought about it before , uh t uh  to use the examples in other papers , and it 's  it 's a little complicated. Cuz you 're like , it 's a state of  there 's resource ,


Yeah , it 's a little  it 's , uh  we 've thought about it before , uh t uh  to use the examples in other papers , and it 's  it 's a little complicated. Cuz you 're like , it 's a state of  there 's resource ,


the state  you know. You 're out of the state of having film , right ? and somehow film is standing for the re the resour the state of having some resource is just labeled as that resource.


but  and plus the fact that there 's also s I mean , can you say , like , " The film ran out " you know , or , maybe you could say something like " The film is out "


but  and plus the fact that there 's also s I mean , can you say , like , " The film ran out " you know , or , maybe you could say something like " The film is out "

so like the  the film went away from where it should be , namely with you , or something , right ? You know. The  the film  the film is gone , right ? Um , I never really knew what was going on , I mean I  I find it sort of a little bit farfetched to say that  that " I 'm out of film " means that I have left the state of having film or something like that ,


so like the  the film went away from where it should be , namely with you , or something , right ? You know. The  the film  the film is gone , right ? Um , I never really knew what was going on , I mean I  I find it sort of a little bit farfetched to say that  that " I 'm out of film " means that I have left the state of having film or something like that ,


so like the  the film went away from where it should be , namely with you , or something , right ? You know. The  the film  the film is gone , right ? Um , I never really knew what was going on , I mean I  I find it sort of a little bit farfetched to say that  that " I 'm out of film " means that I have left the state of having film or something like that ,

Or , " having " is also , um , associated with location ,


Or , " having " is also , um , associated with location ,


so if the film left , you know  state is being near film.


so if the film left , you know  state is being near film.

So running  running out of something is different from being out of somewhere.


so if the film left , you know  state is being near film.

So running  running out of something is different from being out of somewhere.

Or being out of something as , uh  as well. So " running out of it " definitely has a process aspect to it.


So running  running out of something is different from being out of somewhere.

Or being out of something as , uh  as well. So " running out of it " definitely has a process aspect to it.


Or being out of something as , uh  as well. So " running out of it " definitely has a process aspect to it.


Is the d the final state of running out of something is being out of it.


Yeah , so  so nob so no one has in  in  of the , uh , professional linguists ,


Yeah , so  so nob so no one has in  in  of the , uh , professional linguists ,

they haven't  there was this whole thesis on " out of ".


they haven't  there was this whole thesis on " out of ".

Well , there  I thought  or there was a paper on it.


Well , there  I thought  or there was a paper on it.


Well , there  I thought  or there was a paper on it.

There was one on  on " out " or " out of " ?


There was one on  on " out " or " out of " ?

There was a Well , it may be just " out ". Yeah.


There was one on  on " out " or " out of " ?

There was a Well , it may be just " out ". Yeah.

I think there was " over " but there was also a paper on " out ".


There was a Well , it may be just " out ". Yeah.

I think there was " over " but there was also a paper on " out ".


I think there was " over " but there was also a paper on " out ".


right ? The  the  " the syrup spread out " ?


right ? The  the  " the syrup spread out " ?

Yeah. And undoubtably there 's been reams of work about it in cognitive linguistics ,


Yeah. And undoubtably there 's been reams of work about it in cognitive linguistics ,

OK. But anyway. We 're not gonna do that between now and next week.


OK. But anyway. We 're not gonna do that between now and next week.


It 's not one of the y it 's more straightforward ones  forward ones to defend , so you probably don't want to use it for the purposes


It 's not one of the y it 's more straightforward ones  forward ones to defend , so you probably don't want to use it for the purposes

th these are  you 're addressing like , computational linguists ,


th these are  you 're addressing like , computational linguists ,


th these are  you 're addressing like , computational linguists ,

There 's gonna be four computational linguists ,


There 's gonna be four computational linguists ,

OK. But more emphasis on the computational ? Or emphasis on the linguist ?


There 's gonna be four computational linguists ,

OK. But more emphasis on the computational ? Or emphasis on the linguist ?

computer it 's  More  there 's going to be the  just four computational linguists , by coincidence , but the rest is , whatever , biocomputing people and physicists.


OK. But more emphasis on the computational ? Or emphasis on the linguist ?

computer it 's  More  there 's going to be the  just four computational linguists , by coincidence , but the rest is , whatever , biocomputing people and physicists.

No no no , but not for your talk. I 'm - we 're worrying about the th the thes


computer it 's  More  there 's going to be the  just four computational linguists , by coincidence , but the rest is , whatever , biocomputing people and physicists.

No no no , but not for your talk. I 'm - we 're worrying about the th the thes


No no no , but not for your talk. I 'm - we 're worrying about the th the thes


That 's  that 's computa should be very computational ,


That 's  that 's computa should be very computational ,

you know , like  OK. So I would try to  I would stay away from one that involves weird construal stuff.


you know , like  OK. So I would try to  I would stay away from one that involves weird construal stuff.


I mean the  the old bakery example might be nice ,


I mean the  the old bakery example might be nice ,

" Is there a bakery around here ". So if you c we really just construe it as a


" Is there a bakery around here ". So if you c we really just construe it as a


is it a building ? uh , that you want to go to ? or is it something to eat that you want to buy ?


is it a building ? uh , that you want to go to ? or is it something to eat that you want to buy ?

Oh , oh yeah. Yeah , we 've thought about that. Right. Right.


is it a building ? uh , that you want to go to ? or is it something to eat that you want to buy ?

Oh , oh yeah. Yeah , we 've thought about that. Right. Right.

Nnn. No. What ? " Bakery " can't be something you 're gonna eat.


Oh , oh yeah. Yeah , we 've thought about that. Right. Right.

Nnn. No. What ? " Bakery " can't be something you 're gonna eat.

No , no. The question is d do you wanna  do you wanna construe  do you wanna constr - strue


Nnn. No. What ? " Bakery " can't be something you 're gonna eat.

No , no. The question is d do you wanna  do you wanna construe  do you wanna constr - strue


No , no. The question is d do you wanna  do you wanna construe  do you wanna constr - strue

r Exactly. It 's because do you wanna c do you want to view the bakery as a p a place that  that  i for example , if  y


r Exactly. It 's because do you wanna c do you want to view the bakery as a p a place that  that  i for example , if  y


r Exactly. It 's because do you wanna c do you want to view the bakery as a p a place that  that  i for example , if  y

Well th well , that 's one. You want to buy something. But the other is , uh , yo you might have smelled a smell and are just curious about whether there 'd be a bakery in the neighborhood , or ,


Well th well , that 's one. You want to buy something. But the other is , uh , yo you might have smelled a smell and are just curious about whether there 'd be a bakery in the neighborhood , or ,

um , pfff you know , you wonder how people here make their living , and  there 're all sorts of reasons why you might be asking about the existence of a bakery


um , pfff you know , you wonder how people here make their living , and  there 're all sorts of reasons why you might be asking about the existence of a bakery

that doesn't mean , " I want to buy some baked goods. "


that doesn't mean , " I want to buy some baked goods. "

But  um , those are interesting examples but it 's not clear that they 're mainly construal examples.


that doesn't mean , " I want to buy some baked goods. "

But  um , those are interesting examples but it 's not clear that they 're mainly construal examples.

So it 's a lot of pragmatics , there , that


But  um , those are interesting examples but it 's not clear that they 're mainly construal examples.

So it 's a lot of pragmatics , there , that


So it 's a lot of pragmatics , there , that


So let 's  so let 's think about this from the point of view of construal. So let 's first do a  So the metonymy thing is probably the easiest and a and actually the  Though , the one you have isn't quite


So let 's  so let 's think about this from the point of view of construal. So let 's first do a  So the metonymy thing is probably the easiest and a and actually the  Though , the one you have isn't quite

You mean the s You mean " the steak wants to pay " ?


So let 's  so let 's think about this from the point of view of construal. So let 's first do a  So the metonymy thing is probably the easiest and a and actually the  Though , the one you have isn't quite

You mean the s You mean " the steak wants to pay " ?

N no not that one , that 's  that 's a  the sort of background. This is the t uh , page five.


You mean the s You mean " the steak wants to pay " ?

N no not that one , that 's  that 's a  the sort of background. This is the t uh , page five.


N no not that one , that 's  that 's a  the sort of background. This is the t uh , page five.


Yeah , I think that 's a good example , actually.


Yeah , I think that 's a good example , actually.

But as Nancy just su suggested it 's probably ellipticus.


But as Nancy just su suggested it 's probably ellipticus.


But as Nancy just su suggested it 's probably ellipticus.

Like , " it " doesn't refer to " thing , " it refers to acti you know , j thing standing for activ most relevant activity for a tourist  you could think of it that way , but.


Like , " it " doesn't refer to " thing , " it refers to acti you know , j thing standing for activ most relevant activity for a tourist  you could think of it that way , but.


Like , " it " doesn't refer to " thing , " it refers to acti you know , j thing standing for activ most relevant activity for a tourist  you could think of it that way , but.

Well , shoot , isn't that  I mean , that 's what


Like , " it " doesn't refer to " thing , " it refers to acti you know , j thing standing for activ most relevant activity for a tourist  you could think of it that way , but.

Well , shoot , isn't that  I mean , that 's what

Well , I mean , my argument here is  it 's  it 's  it 's the same thing as " Plato 's on the top shelf , "


Well , shoot , isn't that  I mean , that 's what

Well , I mean , my argument here is  it 's  it 's  it 's the same thing as " Plato 's on the top shelf , "

figuring that out is what this is about.


Well , I mean , my argument here is  it 's  it 's  it 's the same thing as " Plato 's on the top shelf , "

figuring that out is what this is about.

I 'm con you know , th that you can refer to a book of Plato by using " Plato , "


figuring that out is what this is about.

I 'm con you know , th that you can refer to a book of Plato by using " Plato , "

Yeah. No no , I  I 'm agreeing that this is a good , um


I 'm con you know , th that you can refer to a book of Plato by using " Plato , "

Yeah. No no , I  I 'm agreeing that this is a good , um

and you can refer back to it , and so you can  Castles have  as tourist sites , have admission fees , so you can say " Where is the castle , how much does it cost ? " Um. " How far is it from here ? "


Yeah. No no , I  I 'm agreeing that this is a good , um

and you can refer back to it , and so you can  Castles have  as tourist sites , have admission fees , so you can say " Where is the castle , how much does it cost ? " Um. " How far is it from here ? "

So , You 're also not referring to the width of the object , or so ,


and you can refer back to it , and so you can  Castles have  as tourist sites , have admission fees , so you can say " Where is the castle , how much does it cost ? " Um. " How far is it from here ? "

So , You 're also not referring to the width of the object , or so ,


So , You 're also not referring to the width of the object , or so ,


OK. Can we think of a nice metaphorical use of " where " in the tourist 's domain ? Um.


OK. Can we think of a nice metaphorical use of " where " in the tourist 's domain ? Um.

So you know it 's  you  you can sometimes use " where " f for " when "


OK. Can we think of a nice metaphorical use of " where " in the tourist 's domain ? Um.

So you know it 's  you  you can sometimes use " where " f for " when "

in the sense of , you know , um , where  wh where  where was , um , " where was Heidelberg , um , in the Thirty Years ' War ? " Or something.


So you know it 's  you  you can sometimes use " where " f for " when "

in the sense of , you know , um , where  wh where  where was , um , " where was Heidelberg , um , in the Thirty Years ' War ? " Or something.


in the sense of , you know , um , where  wh where  where was , um , " where was Heidelberg , um , in the Thirty Years ' War ? " Or something.


OK. I was like , " Huh ? It was here. " Like   Um.


OK. I was like , " Huh ? It was here. " Like   Um.

But anyway th so there are  there are cases like that. Um ,


OK. I was like , " Huh ? It was here. " Like   Um.

But anyway th so there are  there are cases like that. Um ,

Ah ! Or like its developmental state or something like that , you could  I guess you could get that.


But anyway th so there are  there are cases like that. Um ,

Ah ! Or like its developmental state or something like that , you could  I guess you could get that.


Ah ! Or like its developmental state or something like that , you could  I guess you could get that.


I mean , there 's also things like  I mean , s um , I guess I could ask something like " Where can I find out about blah - blah - blah " in a sort of  doesn't nece I don't necessarily have to care about the spatial location , just give me a phone number


I mean , there 's also things like  I mean , s um , I guess I could ask something like " Where can I find out about blah - blah - blah " in a sort of  doesn't nece I don't necessarily have to care about the spatial location , just give me a phone number

and I 'll call them or something like that ?


I mean , there 's also things like  I mean , s um , I guess I could ask something like " Where can I find out about blah - blah - blah " in a sort of  doesn't nece I don't necessarily have to care about the spatial location , just give me a phone number

and I 'll call them or something like that ?

You know , " Where could I learn its opening hours , " or something.


and I 'll call them or something like that ?

You know , " Where could I learn its opening hours , " or something.


You know , " Where could I learn its opening hours , " or something.


So we 're thinking about , um , or we could also think about , uh


It i But it 's a state  and the  the issue is , is that  it may be just a usage ,


It i But it 's a state  and the  the issue is , is that  it may be just a usage ,

you know , that it 's not particularly metaphorical , I don't know.


you know , that it 's not particularly metaphorical , I don't know.

Right. So you want a more exotic one  version of that.


Right. So you want a more exotic one  version of that.


Ah ! How about I  I  I  you know , " I 'm in  I 'm in a state of exhaustion " ?


Ah ! How about I  I  I  you know , " I 'm in  I 'm in a state of exhaustion " ?

or something like that , which a tourist w Huh ?


or something like that , which a tourist w Huh ?

A st uh , well , you can certainly say , um , you know , " I 'm in overload. " Tu - stur tourists will often say that.


A st uh , well , you can certainly say , um , you know , " I 'm in overload. " Tu - stur tourists will often say that.


Oh , you can do that ? Really ? Of course that 's  that  that 's definitely a , uh


There 're too  there 're all sorts of fixed expressions I don't  like uh " I 'm out of sorts now ! "


There 're too  there 're all sorts of fixed expressions I don't  like uh " I 'm out of sorts now ! "

Well I  when , uh  just f u the data that I 've looked at so far that rec


Well I  when , uh  just f u the data that I 've looked at so far that rec


Well I  when , uh  just f u the data that I 've looked at so far that rec

I mean , there 's tons of cases for polysemy.


I mean , there 's tons of cases for polysemy.


I mean , there 's tons of cases for polysemy.

So , you know , mak re making reference to buildings as institutions , as containers , as build


So , you know , mak re making reference to buildings as institutions , as containers , as build