So what happens is if you 're talking and I have a backchannel in the middle of your turn , and then you keep going what it looks like in a dialogue model is your turn and then my backchannel ,

even though my backchannel occurred completely inside your turn.


even though my backchannel occurred completely inside your turn.

So , for things like language modeling or dialogue modeling   it 's  We know that that 's wrong in real time.


So , for things like language modeling or dialogue modeling   it 's  We know that that 's wrong in real time.

But , because of the acoustic segmentations that were done and the fact that some of the acoustic data in Switchboard were missing , people couldn't study it , but that doesn't mean in the real world that people don't talk that way. So , it 's  um


So , for things like language modeling or dialogue modeling   it 's  We know that that 's wrong in real time.

But , because of the acoustic segmentations that were done and the fact that some of the acoustic data in Switchboard were missing , people couldn't study it , but that doesn't mean in the real world that people don't talk that way. So , it 's  um

Yeah , I wasn't saying that. Right ? I was just saying that w now we 're looking at it.


But , because of the acoustic segmentations that were done and the fact that some of the acoustic data in Switchboard were missing , people couldn't study it , but that doesn't mean in the real world that people don't talk that way. So , it 's  um

Yeah , I wasn't saying that. Right ? I was just saying that w now we 're looking at it.


But , because of the acoustic segmentations that were done and the fact that some of the acoustic data in Switchboard were missing , people couldn't study it , but that doesn't mean in the real world that people don't talk that way. So , it 's  um

Yeah , I wasn't saying that. Right ? I was just saying that w now we 're looking at it.

And  and  and , you  you maybe wanted to look at it before but , for these various technical reasons in terms of how the data was you weren't.


Yeah , I wasn't saying that. Right ? I was just saying that w now we 're looking at it.

And  and  and , you  you maybe wanted to look at it before but , for these various technical reasons in terms of how the data was you weren't.


And  and  and , you  you maybe wanted to look at it before but , for these various technical reasons in terms of how the data was you weren't.

So that 's why it 's coming to us as new even though it may well be  you know , if your  if your hypothes The hypothesis you were offering  eh


So that 's why it 's coming to us as new even though it may well be  you know , if your  if your hypothes The hypothesis you were offering  eh

Right ?  if it 's the null poth  hypothesis , and if actually you have as much overlap in a two - person ,  we don't know the answer to that. The reason we don't know the answer to is cuz it wasn't studied and it wasn't studied because it wasn't set up. Right ?


So that 's why it 's coming to us as new even though it may well be  you know , if your  if your hypothes The hypothesis you were offering  eh

Right ?  if it 's the null poth  hypothesis , and if actually you have as much overlap in a two - person ,  we don't know the answer to that. The reason we don't know the answer to is cuz it wasn't studied and it wasn't studied because it wasn't set up. Right ?

Yeah , all I meant is that if you 're asking the question from the point of view of  what 's different about a meeting , studying meetings of , say , more than two people versus  what kinds of questions you could ask with a two - person  meeting.


Right ?  if it 's the null poth  hypothesis , and if actually you have as much overlap in a two - person ,  we don't know the answer to that. The reason we don't know the answer to is cuz it wasn't studied and it wasn't studied because it wasn't set up. Right ?

Yeah , all I meant is that if you 're asking the question from the point of view of  what 's different about a meeting , studying meetings of , say , more than two people versus  what kinds of questions you could ask with a two - person  meeting.


Right ?  if it 's the null poth  hypothesis , and if actually you have as much overlap in a two - person ,  we don't know the answer to that. The reason we don't know the answer to is cuz it wasn't studied and it wasn't studied because it wasn't set up. Right ?

Yeah , all I meant is that if you 're asking the question from the point of view of  what 's different about a meeting , studying meetings of , say , more than two people versus  what kinds of questions you could ask with a two - person  meeting.

It 's important to distinguish  that , you know , this project  is getting a lot of overlap  but other projects were too , but we just couldn't study them. And and so uh


Yeah , all I meant is that if you 're asking the question from the point of view of  what 's different about a meeting , studying meetings of , say , more than two people versus  what kinds of questions you could ask with a two - person  meeting.

It 's important to distinguish  that , you know , this project  is getting a lot of overlap  but other projects were too , but we just couldn't study them. And and so uh


It 's important to distinguish  that , you know , this project  is getting a lot of overlap  but other projects were too , but we just couldn't study them. And and so uh


So. It 's  but I don't know how high , in fact


So. It 's  but I don't know how high , in fact

See , I mean , i i le let me t I mean , my point was just if you wanted to say to somebody , " what have we learned about overlaps here ? " just never mind comparison with something else ,


See , I mean , i i le let me t I mean , my point was just if you wanted to say to somebody , " what have we learned about overlaps here ? " just never mind comparison with something else ,


See , I mean , i i le let me t I mean , my point was just if you wanted to say to somebody , " what have we learned about overlaps here ? " just never mind comparison with something else ,

what we 've learned about is overlaps in this situation , is that  the first   the first - order thing I would say is that there 's a lot of them. Right ?


what we 've learned about is overlaps in this situation , is that  the first   the first - order thing I would say is that there 's a lot of them. Right ?

In  in the sense that i if you said if  i i i


In  in the sense that i if you said if  i i i

In a way , I guess what I 'm comparing to is more the common sense notion of  how  how much people overlap. Uh  you know the fact that when  when  when , uh , Adam was looking for a stretch of  of speech before , that didn't have any overlaps , and he w he was having such a hard time and now I look at this and I go , " well , I can see why he was having such a hard time ".


In  in the sense that i if you said if  i i i

In a way , I guess what I 'm comparing to is more the common sense notion of  how  how much people overlap. Uh  you know the fact that when  when  when , uh , Adam was looking for a stretch of  of speech before , that didn't have any overlaps , and he w he was having such a hard time and now I look at this and I go , " well , I can see why he was having such a hard time ".

Right. That 's also true of Switchboard.


In a way , I guess what I 'm comparing to is more the common sense notion of  how  how much people overlap. Uh  you know the fact that when  when  when , uh , Adam was looking for a stretch of  of speech before , that didn't have any overlaps , and he w he was having such a hard time and now I look at this and I go , " well , I can see why he was having such a hard time ".

Right. That 's also true of Switchboard.


Right. That 's also true of Switchboard.


I 'm saying if I   I 'm saying if I have this complicated thing in front of me ,  and we sh which ,  you know we 're gonna get much more sophisticated about when we get lots more data , But  Then , if I was gonna describe to somebody what did you learn  right here , about , you know , the  the modest amount of data that was analyzed I 'd say , " Well , the first - order thing was there was a lot of overlaps ". In fact   and it 's not just an overlap  bunch of overlaps  second - order thing is  it 's not just a bunch of overlaps in one particular point ,  but that there 's overlaps , uh throughout the thing.


I 'm just   saying that it may   the reason you get overlaps may or may not be due to sort of the number of people in the meeting.


I 'm just   saying that it may   the reason you get overlaps may or may not be due to sort of the number of people in the meeting.

Yeah. Yeah , I wasn't making any statement about that.


Yeah. Yeah , I wasn't making any statement about that.

And  and it would actually be interesting to find out


Yeah. Yeah , I wasn't making any statement about that.

And  and it would actually be interesting to find out

because some of the data say Switchboard , which isn't exactly the same kind of context , I mean these are two people who don't know each other and so forth , But we should still be able to somehow say what  what is the added contra contribution to sort of overlap time of each additional person , or something like that.


And  and it would actually be interesting to find out

because some of the data say Switchboard , which isn't exactly the same kind of context , I mean these are two people who don't know each other and so forth , But we should still be able to somehow say what  what is the added contra contribution to sort of overlap time of each additional person , or something like that.


because some of the data say Switchboard , which isn't exactly the same kind of context , I mean these are two people who don't know each other and so forth , But we should still be able to somehow say what  what is the added contra contribution to sort of overlap time of each additional person , or something like that.


I could certainly see it going either way.


I could certainly see it going either way.

Wh - yeah , I  I agree  I agree with Adam.


Wh - yeah , I  I agree  I agree with Adam.

And the reason is because I think there 's a limit   there 's an upper bound  on how many you can have , simply  from the standpoint of audibility. When we speak we  we do make a judgment of  " can  " you know , as adults.


And the reason is because I think there 's a limit   there 's an upper bound  on how many you can have , simply  from the standpoint of audibility. When we speak we  we do make a judgment of  " can  " you know , as adults.


And the reason is because I think there 's a limit   there 's an upper bound  on how many you can have , simply  from the standpoint of audibility. When we speak we  we do make a judgment of  " can  " you know , as adults.

I mean , children don't adjust so well , I mean , if a truck goes rolling past ,  adults will well , depending , but mostly , adults will  will   will hold off to what   to finish the end of the sentence till the  till the noise is past.


I mean , children don't adjust so well , I mean , if a truck goes rolling past ,  adults will well , depending , but mostly , adults will  will   will hold off to what   to finish the end of the sentence till the  till the noise is past.


I mean , children don't adjust so well , I mean , if a truck goes rolling past ,  adults will well , depending , but mostly , adults will  will   will hold off to what   to finish the end of the sentence till the  till the noise is past.

And I think we generally do  monitor things like that ,  about  whether we  whether our utterance will be in the clear or not.


And I think we generally do  monitor things like that ,  about  whether we  whether our utterance will be in the clear or not.

And partly it 's related to rhythmic structure in conversation , so ,  you know , you  you t Yeah , this is d also um , people tend to time their  their   their , um  when they  come into the conversation based on the overall rhythmic ,  uh uh , ambient thing.


And partly it 's related to rhythmic structure in conversation , so ,  you know , you  you t Yeah , this is d also um , people tend to time their  their   their , um  when they  come into the conversation based on the overall rhythmic ,  uh uh , ambient thing.


And partly it 's related to rhythmic structure in conversation , so ,  you know , you  you t Yeah , this is d also um , people tend to time their  their   their , um  when they  come into the conversation based on the overall rhythmic ,  uh uh , ambient thing.

So you don't want to be c cross - cutting. And  and , just to finish this , that um That I think that  there may be an upper bound on how many overlaps you can have , simply from the standpoint of audibility and how loud the other people are who are already  in the fray. But I  you know , of certain types. Now if it 's just backchannels ,  people  may be doing that  with less  intention of being heard ,  just sort of spontaneously doing backchannels , in which case  that  those might  there may be no upper bound on those.


So you don't want to be c cross - cutting. And  and , just to finish this , that um That I think that  there may be an upper bound on how many overlaps you can have , simply from the standpoint of audibility and how loud the other people are who are already  in the fray. But I  you know , of certain types. Now if it 's just backchannels ,  people  may be doing that  with less  intention of being heard ,  just sort of spontaneously doing backchannels , in which case  that  those might  there may be no upper bound on those.

I  I have a feeling that backchannels , which are the vast majority of overlaps in Switchboard ,  uh , don't play as big a role here , because it 's very unnatural I think , to backchannel if  in a multi - audience  you know , in a multi - person   audience.


So you don't want to be c cross - cutting. And  and , just to finish this , that um That I think that  there may be an upper bound on how many overlaps you can have , simply from the standpoint of audibility and how loud the other people are who are already  in the fray. But I  you know , of certain types. Now if it 's just backchannels ,  people  may be doing that  with less  intention of being heard ,  just sort of spontaneously doing backchannels , in which case  that  those might  there may be no upper bound on those.

I  I have a feeling that backchannels , which are the vast majority of overlaps in Switchboard ,  uh , don't play as big a role here , because it 's very unnatural I think , to backchannel if  in a multi - audience  you know , in a multi - person   audience.

If you can see them , actually. It 's interesting , so if you watch people are going like    Right  right , like this here ,


I  I have a feeling that backchannels , which are the vast majority of overlaps in Switchboard ,  uh , don't play as big a role here , because it 's very unnatural I think , to backchannel if  in a multi - audience  you know , in a multi - person   audience.

If you can see them , actually. It 's interesting , so if you watch people are going like    Right  right , like this here ,


If you can see them , actually. It 's interesting , so if you watch people are going like    Right  right , like this here ,

but That may not be the case if you couldn't see them.


but That may not be the case if you couldn't see them.

But   but , it 's sort of odd if one person 's speaking and everybody 's listening , and it 's unusual to have everybody going " uh - huh , uh - huh "


but That may not be the case if you couldn't see them.

But   but , it 's sort of odd if one person 's speaking and everybody 's listening , and it 's unusual to have everybody going " uh - huh , uh - huh "

Actually , I think I 've done it  a fair number of times today.


But   but , it 's sort of odd if one person 's speaking and everybody 's listening , and it 's unusual to have everybody going " uh - huh , uh - huh "

Actually , I think I 've done it  a fair number of times today.


Actually , I think I 've done it  a fair number of times today.

There 's a lot of head - nodding , in this


There 's a lot of head - nodding , in this


Plus  plus  plus the  Yeah. So  so actually , um That 's in part because the nodding , if you have visual contact ,  the nodding has the same function , but on the phone , in Switchboard  you  you  that wouldn't work. So  so you need to use the backchannel.


Plus  plus  plus the  Yeah. So  so actually , um That 's in part because the nodding , if you have visual contact ,  the nodding has the same function , but on the phone , in Switchboard  you  you  that wouldn't work. So  so you need to use the backchannel.

So , in the two - person conversations ,  when there 's backchannel , is there a great deal of  overlap  in the speech ?


Plus  plus  plus the  Yeah. So  so actually , um That 's in part because the nodding , if you have visual contact ,  the nodding has the same function , but on the phone , in Switchboard  you  you  that wouldn't work. So  so you need to use the backchannel.

So , in the two - person conversations ,  when there 's backchannel , is there a great deal of  overlap  in the speech ?

That is an earphone , so if you just put it  so it 's on your ear.


So , in the two - person conversations ,  when there 's backchannel , is there a great deal of  overlap  in the speech ?

That is an earphone , so if you just put it  so it 's on your ear.

or  Cuz my impression is sometimes it happens when there 's a pause ,


That is an earphone , so if you just put it  so it 's on your ear.

or  Cuz my impression is sometimes it happens when there 's a pause ,


or  Cuz my impression is sometimes it happens when there 's a pause ,


you know , like you  you get a lot of backchannel , when somebody 's pausing


It 's hard to do both , huh ? Um  no , when  when  when there 's backchannel , I mean , just  I was just listening , and  and when there 's two people talking and there 's backchannel it seems like ,  um the backchannel happens when , you know , the pitch drops and the first person


It 's hard to do both , huh ? Um  no , when  when  when there 's backchannel , I mean , just  I was just listening , and  and when there 's two people talking and there 's backchannel it seems like ,  um the backchannel happens when , you know , the pitch drops and the first person

and a lot of times , the first person actually stops talking and then there 's a backchannel  and then they start up again , and so I 'm wondering about  h I just wonder how much overlap there is. Is there a lot ?


It 's hard to do both , huh ? Um  no , when  when  when there 's backchannel , I mean , just  I was just listening , and  and when there 's two people talking and there 's backchannel it seems like ,  um the backchannel happens when , you know , the pitch drops and the first person

and a lot of times , the first person actually stops talking and then there 's a backchannel  and then they start up again , and so I 'm wondering about  h I just wonder how much overlap there is. Is there a lot ?

I think there 's a lot of the kind that Jose was talking about , where   I mean , this is called " precision timing " in  conversation analysis , where   they come in overlapping ,  but at a point where the  information is mostly  complete. So all you 're missing is some last syllables or something or the last word or some highly predictable words.


and a lot of times , the first person actually stops talking and then there 's a backchannel  and then they start up again , and so I 'm wondering about  h I just wonder how much overlap there is. Is there a lot ?

I think there 's a lot of the kind that Jose was talking about , where   I mean , this is called " precision timing " in  conversation analysis , where   they come in overlapping ,  but at a point where the  information is mostly  complete. So all you 're missing is some last syllables or something or the last word or some highly predictable words.


I think there 's a lot of the kind that Jose was talking about , where   I mean , this is called " precision timing " in  conversation analysis , where   they come in overlapping ,  but at a point where the  information is mostly  complete. So all you 're missing is some last syllables or something or the last word or some highly predictable words.


But  you know , from information flow point of view it 's not an overlap in  the predictable information.


But  you know , from information flow point of view it 's not an overlap in  the predictable information.

It 'd be interesting if we could do prediction.


But  you know , from information flow point of view it 's not an overlap in  the predictable information.

It 'd be interesting if we could do prediction.

I was just thinking more in terms of alignment , alignment overlap.


It 'd be interesting if we could do prediction.

I was just thinking more in terms of alignment , alignment overlap.


It 'd be interesting if we could do prediction.

I was just thinking more in terms of alignment , alignment overlap.

Language model prediction of overlap , that would be really interesting.


I was just thinking more in terms of alignment , alignment overlap.

Language model prediction of overlap , that would be really interesting.


Language model prediction of overlap , that would be really interesting.

Well , that 's exactly , exactly why we wanted to study the precise timing of overlaps ins in uh Switchboard ,


Well , that 's exactly , exactly why we wanted to study the precise timing of overlaps ins in uh Switchboard ,


So  so here 's a  here 's a first interesting  labeling task. Uh , to distinguish between , say , backchannels   precision timing  Sort of  you know , benevolent overlaps , and  and    and w and  and sort of , um  I don't know , hostile overlaps , where  someone is trying to grab the floor from someone else.


So  so here 's a  here 's a first interesting  labeling task. Uh , to distinguish between , say , backchannels   precision timing  Sort of  you know , benevolent overlaps , and  and    and w and  and sort of , um  I don't know , hostile overlaps , where  someone is trying to grab the floor from someone else.

Uh , that  that might be an interesting , um  problem to look at.


Uh , that  that might be an interesting , um  problem to look at.


Well , I mean you could do that. I ju I  I think that  in this meeting I really had the feeling that wasn't happening , that  the hostile  hostile type. These were  these were  benevolent types , as people  finishing each other 's sentences , and  stuff.


Well , I mean you could do that. I ju I  I think that  in this meeting I really had the feeling that wasn't happening , that  the hostile  hostile type. These were  these were  benevolent types , as people  finishing each other 's sentences , and  stuff.

Um , I could imagine that as  there 's a fair number of  um cases where , and this is sort of , not  really hostile , but sort of competitive , where  one person is finishing something and  you have , like , two or three people jumping  trying to   trying to   trying to , uh grab the next turn.


Um , I could imagine that as  there 's a fair number of  um cases where , and this is sort of , not  really hostile , but sort of competitive , where  one person is finishing something and  you have , like , two or three people jumping  trying to   trying to   trying to , uh grab the next turn.


Um , I could imagine that as  there 's a fair number of  um cases where , and this is sort of , not  really hostile , but sort of competitive , where  one person is finishing something and  you have , like , two or three people jumping  trying to   trying to   trying to , uh grab the next turn.

And so it 's not against the person who talks first  because actually we 're all waiting for that person to finish. But they all want to  be next.


And so it 's not against the person who talks first  because actually we 're all waiting for that person to finish. But they all want to  be next.

I have a feeling most of these things are  that   that are not  a benevolent kind are  are   are , uh  um   are  are competitive as opposed to real really  really hostile.


And so it 's not against the person who talks first  because actually we 're all waiting for that person to finish. But they all want to  be next.

I have a feeling most of these things are  that   that are not  a benevolent kind are  are   are , uh  um   are  are competitive as opposed to real really  really hostile.

I wonder what determines who gets the floor ?


I have a feeling most of these things are  that   that are not  a benevolent kind are  are   are , uh  um   are  are competitive as opposed to real really  really hostile.

I wonder what determines who gets the floor ?


I wonder what determines who gets the floor ?


Well , there are various things , you  you have the


Um , o one thing  I  I wanted to  or you can tell a good joke and then everybody 's laughing and you get a chance to g break in.


Um , o one thing  I  I wanted to  or you can tell a good joke and then everybody 's laughing and you get a chance to g break in.

But. But. Um. You know , the other thing I was thinking was that ,  um  these  all these interesting questions are , of course , pretty hard to answer with , uh u  you know , a small amount of data.


But. But. Um. You know , the other thing I was thinking was that ,  um  these  all these interesting questions are , of course , pretty hard to answer with , uh u  you know , a small amount of data.

So , um  I wonder if what you 're saying suggests that we should make a conscious attempt to have , um  a  a fair number of meetings with , uh a smaller number of people. Right ? I mean  we  most of our meetings are  uh , meetings currently with say five , six , seven , eight people Should we  really try to have some two - person meetings ,  or some three - person meetings and re record them  just to  to  to beef up the  the statistics on that ?


But. But. Um. You know , the other thing I was thinking was that ,  um  these  all these interesting questions are , of course , pretty hard to answer with , uh u  you know , a small amount of data.

So , um  I wonder if what you 're saying suggests that we should make a conscious attempt to have , um  a  a fair number of meetings with , uh a smaller number of people. Right ? I mean  we  most of our meetings are  uh , meetings currently with say five , six , seven , eight people Should we  really try to have some two - person meetings ,  or some three - person meetings and re record them  just to  to  to beef up the  the statistics on that ?

That 's a control. Well ,  it seems like there are two possibilities there , I mean  i it seems like  if you have just  two people it 's not  really , y like a meeting , w is not as similar as the rest of the   of the sample. It depends on what you 're after , of course , but  It seems like that would be more a case of the control condition , compared to , uh  an experimental  condition , with more than two.


So , um  I wonder if what you 're saying suggests that we should make a conscious attempt to have , um  a  a fair number of meetings with , uh a smaller number of people. Right ? I mean  we  most of our meetings are  uh , meetings currently with say five , six , seven , eight people Should we  really try to have some two - person meetings ,  or some three - person meetings and re record them  just to  to  to beef up the  the statistics on that ?

That 's a control. Well ,  it seems like there are two possibilities there , I mean  i it seems like  if you have just  two people it 's not  really , y like a meeting , w is not as similar as the rest of the   of the sample. It depends on what you 're after , of course , but  It seems like that would be more a case of the control condition , compared to , uh  an experimental  condition , with more than two.


So , um  I wonder if what you 're saying suggests that we should make a conscious attempt to have , um  a  a fair number of meetings with , uh a smaller number of people. Right ? I mean  we  most of our meetings are  uh , meetings currently with say five , six , seven , eight people Should we  really try to have some two - person meetings ,  or some three - person meetings and re record them  just to  to  to beef up the  the statistics on that ?

That 's a control. Well ,  it seems like there are two possibilities there , I mean  i it seems like  if you have just  two people it 's not  really , y like a meeting , w is not as similar as the rest of the   of the sample. It depends on what you 're after , of course , but  It seems like that would be more a case of the control condition , compared to , uh  an experimental  condition , with more than two.

Well , Liz was raising the question of  of whether i it 's the number  there 's a relationship between the number of people and the number of overlaps or type of overlaps there ,


That 's a control. Well ,  it seems like there are two possibilities there , I mean  i it seems like  if you have just  two people it 's not  really , y like a meeting , w is not as similar as the rest of the   of the sample. It depends on what you 're after , of course , but  It seems like that would be more a case of the control condition , compared to , uh  an experimental  condition , with more than two.

Well , Liz was raising the question of  of whether i it 's the number  there 's a relationship between the number of people and the number of overlaps or type of overlaps there ,


Well , Liz was raising the question of  of whether i it 's the number  there 's a relationship between the number of people and the number of overlaps or type of overlaps there ,

and , um  If you had two people meeting in this kind of circumstance then you 'd still have the visuals. You wouldn't have that difference  also that you have in the  say , in Switchboard data. Uh


Well , Liz was raising the question of  of whether i it 's the number  there 's a relationship between the number of people and the number of overlaps or type of overlaps there ,

and , um  If you had two people meeting in this kind of circumstance then you 'd still have the visuals. You wouldn't have that difference  also that you have in the  say , in Switchboard data. Uh

Mm - hmm. Yeah , I 'm just thinking that 'd be more like a c control condition.


and , um  If you had two people meeting in this kind of circumstance then you 'd still have the visuals. You wouldn't have that difference  also that you have in the  say , in Switchboard data. Uh

Mm - hmm. Yeah , I 'm just thinking that 'd be more like a c control condition.


Mm - hmm. Yeah , I 'm just thinking that 'd be more like a c control condition.


Well , but from the acoustic point of view , it 's all good.


Well , but from the acoustic point of view , it 's all good.

If  if the goal were to just look at overlap you would  you could serve yourself  save yourself a lot of time but not even transcri transcribe the words.


If  if the goal were to just look at overlap you would  you could serve yourself  save yourself a lot of time but not even transcri transcribe the words.

Well , I was thinking you should be able to do this from the  acoustics , on the close - talking mikes ,


Well , I was thinking you should be able to do this from the  acoustics , on the close - talking mikes ,

Well , that 's  the  that was my  my status report ,


Well , that 's  the  that was my  my status report ,


so   Once we 're done with this stuff discussing ,


so   Once we 're done with this stuff discussing ,

right. I mean , not as well as what  I mean , you wouldn't be able to have any kind of typology , obviously ,


right. I mean , not as well as what  I mean , you wouldn't be able to have any kind of typology , obviously ,


But  what  what do you think about that ? Do you think that would be useful ? I 'm just thinking that as an action item of whether we should try to record some two - person meetings or something.


But  what  what do you think about that ? Do you think that would be useful ? I 'm just thinking that as an action item of whether we should try to record some two - person meetings or something.

I guess my  my first comment was , um  only that  um we should n not attribute overlaps only to meetings , but maybe that 's obvious , maybe everybody knew that ,


But  what  what do you think about that ? Do you think that would be useful ? I 'm just thinking that as an action item of whether we should try to record some two - person meetings or something.

I guess my  my first comment was , um  only that  um we should n not attribute overlaps only to meetings , but maybe that 's obvious , maybe everybody knew that ,

but that  in normal conversation with two people there 's an awful lot of the same kinds of overlap , and that it would be interesting to look at  whether there are these kinds of constraints that Jane mentioned , that  what maybe the additional people add to this competition that happens right after a turn ,


I guess my  my first comment was , um  only that  um we should n not attribute overlaps only to meetings , but maybe that 's obvious , maybe everybody knew that ,

but that  in normal conversation with two people there 's an awful lot of the same kinds of overlap , and that it would be interesting to look at  whether there are these kinds of constraints that Jane mentioned , that  what maybe the additional people add to this competition that happens right after a turn ,


but that  in normal conversation with two people there 's an awful lot of the same kinds of overlap , and that it would be interesting to look at  whether there are these kinds of constraints that Jane mentioned , that  what maybe the additional people add to this competition that happens right after a turn ,

you know , because now you can have five people trying to grab the turn , but pretty quickly there 're  they back off and you go back to this sort of only one person at a time with one person interrupting at a time.


you know , because now you can have five people trying to grab the turn , but pretty quickly there 're  they back off and you go back to this sort of only one person at a time with one person interrupting at a time.

So , I don't know. To answer your question I  it  I don't think it 's crucial to have controls but I think it 's worth recording all the meetings we  can.


So , I don't know. To answer your question I  it  I don't think it 's crucial to have controls but I think it 's worth recording all the meetings we  can.


D I wouldn't not record a two - person meeting just because it only has two people.


D I wouldn't not record a two - person meeting just because it only has two people.

Could we  Could we , um  we have  have in the past and I think continue  will continue to have a fair number of  uh phone conference calls.


Could we  Could we , um  we have  have in the past and I think continue  will continue to have a fair number of  uh phone conference calls.

And ,  uh ,  and as a  to , um  as another c  c comparison  condition ,  we could um see what  what what happens in terms of overlap , when you don't have visual contact.


And ,  uh ,  and as a  to , um  as another c  c comparison  condition ,  we could um see what  what what happens in terms of overlap , when you don't have visual contact.


It just seems like that 's a very different  thing than what we 're doing.


It just seems like that 's a very different  thing than what we 're doing.

I mean  physically  can we record the o the other


It just seems like that 's a very different  thing than what we 're doing.

I mean  physically  can we record the o the other

Yeah. Well , we 're not really set up for it  to do that. But.


I mean  physically  can we record the o the other

Yeah. Well , we 're not really set up for it  to do that. But.

Or , this is getting a little extravagant , we could put up some kind of blinds or something to   to remove , uh  visual contact.


Yeah. Well , we 're not really set up for it  to do that. But.

Or , this is getting a little extravagant , we could put up some kind of blinds or something to   to remove , uh  visual contact.


Or , this is getting a little extravagant , we could put up some kind of blinds or something to   to remove , uh  visual contact.


That 's what they did on Map Task , you know , this Map Task corpus ? They ran exactly the same pairs of people with and without visual cues and it 's quite interesting.


That 's what they did on Map Task , you know , this Map Task corpus ? They ran exactly the same pairs of people with and without visual cues and it 's quite interesting.

Well , we  we record this meeting so regularly it wouldn't be that  I mean  a little strange.


That 's what they did on Map Task , you know , this Map Task corpus ? They ran exactly the same pairs of people with and without visual cues and it 's quite interesting.

Well , we  we record this meeting so regularly it wouldn't be that  I mean  a little strange.

OK , we can record , but no one can look at each other.


That 's what they did on Map Task , you know , this Map Task corpus ? They ran exactly the same pairs of people with and without visual cues and it 's quite interesting.

Well , we  we record this meeting so regularly it wouldn't be that  I mean  a little strange.

OK , we can record , but no one can look at each other.

Well , we could just put  b blindfolds on.


Well , we  we record this meeting so regularly it wouldn't be that  I mean  a little strange.

OK , we can record , but no one can look at each other.

Well , we could just put  b blindfolds on.


OK , we can record , but no one can look at each other.

Well , we could just put  b blindfolds on.


Well , we could just put  b blindfolds on.


and we 'd take a picture of everybody sitting here with blindfolds. That would


and we 'd take a picture of everybody sitting here with blindfolds. That would

Oh , th that was the other thing , weren't we gonna take a picture  at the beginning of each of these meetings ?


and we 'd take a picture of everybody sitting here with blindfolds. That would

Oh , th that was the other thing , weren't we gonna take a picture  at the beginning of each of these meetings ?

Um , what  I had thought we were gonna do is just take pictures of the whiteboards. rather than take pictures of the meeting.


Oh , th that was the other thing , weren't we gonna take a picture  at the beginning of each of these meetings ?

Um , what  I had thought we were gonna do is just take pictures of the whiteboards. rather than take pictures of the meeting.


Um , what  I had thought we were gonna do is just take pictures of the whiteboards. rather than take pictures of the meeting.


Yeah. Linguistic anthropologists would  would suggest it would be useful to also take a picture of the meeting.


Yeah. Linguistic anthropologists would  would suggest it would be useful to also take a picture of the meeting.

There 's a head nodding here vigorously , yeah.


Yeah. Linguistic anthropologists would  would suggest it would be useful to also take a picture of the meeting.

There 's a head nodding here vigorously , yeah.

Why  why do we want to have a picture of the meeting ?


There 's a head nodding here vigorously , yeah.

Why  why do we want to have a picture of the meeting ?

The  because you get then the spatial relationship of the speakers.


Why  why do we want to have a picture of the meeting ?

The  because you get then the spatial relationship of the speakers.


The  because you get then the spatial relationship of the speakers.


The  because you get then the spatial relationship of the speakers.

Well , you could do that by just noting on the enrollment sheet the   the seat number.


Well , you could do that by just noting on the enrollment sheet the   the seat number.


Well , you could do that by just noting on the enrollment sheet the   the seat number.

Seat number , that 's a good idea. I 'll do that.


Seat number , that 's a good idea. I 'll do that.


Is possible to get information from the rhythmic  f from the ge , eh  uh , files.


Is possible to get information from the rhythmic  f from the ge , eh  uh , files.

I finally remembered to put , uh put native language on the newer forms.


Is possible to get information from the rhythmic  f from the ge , eh  uh , files.

I finally remembered to put , uh put native language on the newer forms.

We can  can't you figure it out from the mike number ?


I finally remembered to put , uh put native language on the newer forms.

We can  can't you figure it out from the mike number ?


We can  can't you figure it out from the mike number ?

The wireless ones. And even the jacks , I mean , I 'm sitting here and the jack is  over  in front of you.


The wireless ones. And even the jacks , I mean , I 'm sitting here and the jack is  over  in front of you.


The wireless ones. And even the jacks , I mean , I 'm sitting here and the jack is  over  in front of you.

But probably from these you could 've  infer it.


But probably from these you could 've  infer it.


Having  having ground tu truth would be nice , so  seat number would be good.


Having  having ground tu truth would be nice , so  seat number would be good.

Beam - forming during the digit  uh stuff.


Beam - forming during the digit  uh stuff.


Beam - forming during the digit  uh stuff.

So I 'm gonna put little labels on all the chairs with the seat number.


So I 'm gonna put little labels on all the chairs with the seat number.


So I 'm gonna put little labels on all the chairs with the seat number.

But you have to keep the chairs in the same pla like here.


But you have to keep the chairs in the same pla like here.

Not the chairs. The chairs are  Chairs are movable.


But you have to keep the chairs in the same pla like here.

Not the chairs. The chairs are  Chairs are movable.

Put them   Like ,  put them on the table where they


Not the chairs. The chairs are  Chairs are movable.

Put them   Like ,  put them on the table where they


Put them   Like ,  put them on the table where they


But you know , they  the  s the linguistic anthropologists would say it would be good to have a digital picture anyway ,


But you know , they  the  s the linguistic anthropologists would say it would be good to have a digital picture anyway ,

because you get  a sense also of posture. Posture , and we could like ,  you know ,  block out the person 's face or whatever


because you get  a sense also of posture. Posture , and we could like ,  you know ,  block out the person 's face or whatever


but   but , you know , these are important cues ,


but   but , you know , these are important cues ,

I mean the  the  how a person is sitting  is


I mean the  the  how a person is sitting  is

But if you just f But from one picture , I don't know that you really get that.


I mean the  the  how a person is sitting  is

But if you just f But from one picture , I don't know that you really get that.

Yeah. Andreas was wearing that same old sweater again.


I mean the  the  how a person is sitting  is

But if you just f But from one picture , I don't know that you really get that.

Yeah. Andreas was wearing that same old sweater again.

Right ? You 'd want a video for that , I think.


But if you just f But from one picture , I don't know that you really get that.

Yeah. Andreas was wearing that same old sweater again.

Right ? You 'd want a video for that , I think.

It 'd be better than nothing , is  is  i Just from a single picture I think you can tell some aspects.


Yeah. Andreas was wearing that same old sweater again.

Right ? You 'd want a video for that , I think.

It 'd be better than nothing , is  is  i Just from a single picture I think you can tell some aspects.


Right ? You 'd want a video for that , I think.

It 'd be better than nothing , is  is  i Just from a single picture I think you can tell some aspects.


It 'd be better than nothing , is  is  i Just from a single picture I think you can tell some aspects.

I mean I  I could tell you I mean , if I if I 'm in certain meetings I notice that there are certain people who really do  eh  The body language is very uh  is very interesting in terms of the dominance aspect.


I mean I  I could tell you I mean , if I if I 'm in certain meetings I notice that there are certain people who really do  eh  The body language is very uh  is very interesting in terms of the dominance aspect.


I mean I  I could tell you I mean , if I if I 'm in certain meetings I notice that there are certain people who really do  eh  The body language is very uh  is very interesting in terms of the dominance aspect.

Yeah. And  and Morgan had that funny hair again.


Yeah. And  and Morgan had that funny hair again.

Yeah.  Well , I mean you black out the  that part.


Yeah. And  and Morgan had that funny hair again.

Yeah.  Well , I mean you black out the  that part.

But it 's just , you know , the  the body


Yeah.  Well , I mean you black out the  that part.

But it 's just , you know , the  the body


But it 's just , you know , the  the body


But it 's just , you know , the  the body

Of course , the  where we sit at the table , I find is very interesting , that we do tend to  cong  to gravitate to the same place each time.


Of course , the  where we sit at the table , I find is very interesting , that we do tend to  cong  to gravitate to the same place each time.


Of course , the  where we sit at the table , I find is very interesting , that we do tend to  cong  to gravitate to the same place each time.

and it 's somewhat coincidental. I 'm sitting here so that I can run into the room if the hardware starts , you know , catching fire or something.


Of course , the  where we sit at the table , I find is very interesting , that we do tend to  cong  to gravitate to the same place each time.

and it 's somewhat coincidental. I 'm sitting here so that I can run into the room if the hardware starts , you know , catching fire or something.

Oh , no , you  you just like to be in charge , that 's why you 're sitting


and it 's somewhat coincidental. I 'm sitting here so that I can run into the room if the hardware starts , you know , catching fire or something.

Oh , no , you  you just like to be in charge , that 's why you 're sitting

I just want to be at the head of the table.


Oh , no , you  you just like to be in charge , that 's why you 're sitting

I just want to be at the head of the table.


I just want to be at the head of the table.

Speaking of taking control , you said you had some research to talk about.


Speaking of taking control , you said you had some research to talk about.


Speaking of taking control , you said you had some research to talk about.

Yeah , I 've been playing with , um uh , using the close - talking mike to do  to try to figure out who 's speaking. So my first attempt was just using thresholding and filtering , that we talked about  about two weeks ago , and so I played with that a little bit , and  it works O K ,  except that  it 's very sensitive to your choice of  your filter width and your  threshold. So if you fiddle around with it a little bit and you get good numbers you can actually do a pretty good job of segmenting when someone 's talking and when they 're not. But if you try to use the same paramenters on another speaker , it doesn't work anymore , even if you normalize it based on the absolute loudness.


Speaking of taking control , you said you had some research to talk about.

Yeah , I 've been playing with , um uh , using the close - talking mike to do  to try to figure out who 's speaking. So my first attempt was just using thresholding and filtering , that we talked about  about two weeks ago , and so I played with that a little bit , and  it works O K ,  except that  it 's very sensitive to your choice of  your filter width and your  threshold. So if you fiddle around with it a little bit and you get good numbers you can actually do a pretty good job of segmenting when someone 's talking and when they 're not. But if you try to use the same paramenters on another speaker , it doesn't work anymore , even if you normalize it based on the absolute loudness.

But does it work for that one speaker throughout the whole meeting ?


Yeah , I 've been playing with , um uh , using the close - talking mike to do  to try to figure out who 's speaking. So my first attempt was just using thresholding and filtering , that we talked about  about two weeks ago , and so I played with that a little bit , and  it works O K ,  except that  it 's very sensitive to your choice of  your filter width and your  threshold. So if you fiddle around with it a little bit and you get good numbers you can actually do a pretty good job of segmenting when someone 's talking and when they 're not. But if you try to use the same paramenters on another speaker , it doesn't work anymore , even if you normalize it based on the absolute loudness.

But does it work for that one speaker throughout the whole meeting ?

It does work for the one speaker throughout the whole meeting. Um Pretty well.


But does it work for that one speaker throughout the whole meeting ?

It does work for the one speaker throughout the whole meeting. Um Pretty well.


It does work for the one speaker throughout the whole meeting. Um Pretty well.


The algorithm was , uh take o every frame that 's over the threshold , and then median - filter it ,  and then look for runs.


The algorithm was , uh take o every frame that 's over the threshold , and then median - filter it ,  and then look for runs.

Every frame that 's over what threshold ?


Every frame that 's over what threshold ?


Say that again ? Frame over fres threshold.


Say that again ? Frame over fres threshold.

So you take a  each frame , and you compute the energy and if it 's over the threshold you set it to one , and if it 's under the threshold you set it to zero ,  so now you have a bit stream  of zeros and ones.


Say that again ? Frame over fres threshold.

So you take a  each frame , and you compute the energy and if it 's over the threshold you set it to one , and if it 's under the threshold you set it to zero ,  so now you have a bit stream  of zeros and ones.

And then I median - filtered that  using , um  a fairly long  filter length. Uh  well , actually I guess depends on what you mean by long , you know , tenth of a second sorts of numbers. Um and that 's to average out you know , pitch , you know , the pitch contours , and things like that. And then , uh looked for long runs.


So you take a  each frame , and you compute the energy and if it 's over the threshold you set it to one , and if it 's under the threshold you set it to zero ,  so now you have a bit stream  of zeros and ones.

And then I median - filtered that  using , um  a fairly long  filter length. Uh  well , actually I guess depends on what you mean by long , you know , tenth of a second sorts of numbers. Um and that 's to average out you know , pitch , you know , the pitch contours , and things like that. And then , uh looked for long runs.


And then I median - filtered that  using , um  a fairly long  filter length. Uh  well , actually I guess depends on what you mean by long , you know , tenth of a second sorts of numbers. Um and that 's to average out you know , pitch , you know , the pitch contours , and things like that. And then , uh looked for long runs.

And that works O K , if you fil if you tune the filter parameters , if you tune  how long your median filter is and how high you 're looking for your thresholds.


And then I median - filtered that  using , um  a fairly long  filter length. Uh  well , actually I guess depends on what you mean by long , you know , tenth of a second sorts of numbers. Um and that 's to average out you know , pitch , you know , the pitch contours , and things like that. And then , uh looked for long runs.

And that works O K , if you fil if you tune the filter parameters , if you tune  how long your median filter is and how high you 're looking for your thresholds.

Did you ever try running the filter before you pick a threshold ?


And that works O K , if you fil if you tune the filter parameters , if you tune  how long your median filter is and how high you 're looking for your thresholds.

Did you ever try running the filter before you pick a threshold ?

No. I certainly could though. But this was just I had the program mostly written already so it was easy to do. OK and then the other thing I did , was I took  Javier 's speaker - change detector  acoustic - change detector , and I implemented that with the close - talking mikes , and  unfortunately that 's not working real well , and it looks like it 's  the problem is  he does it in two passes , the first pass  is to find candidate places to do a break. And he does that using a neural net doing broad phone classification and he has the  the , uh  one of the phone classes is silence. And so the possible breaks are where silence starts and ends. And then he has a second pass which is a modeling  a Gaussian mixture model. Um looking for  uh  whether it improves or  or degrades to split at one of those particular places. And what looks like it 's happening is that the  even on the close - talking mike the broad phone class classifier 's doing a really bad job.


Did you ever try running the filter before you pick a threshold ?

No. I certainly could though. But this was just I had the program mostly written already so it was easy to do. OK and then the other thing I did , was I took  Javier 's speaker - change detector  acoustic - change detector , and I implemented that with the close - talking mikes , and  unfortunately that 's not working real well , and it looks like it 's  the problem is  he does it in two passes , the first pass  is to find candidate places to do a break. And he does that using a neural net doing broad phone classification and he has the  the , uh  one of the phone classes is silence. And so the possible breaks are where silence starts and ends. And then he has a second pass which is a modeling  a Gaussian mixture model. Um looking for  uh  whether it improves or  or degrades to split at one of those particular places. And what looks like it 's happening is that the  even on the close - talking mike the broad phone class classifier 's doing a really bad job.


No. I certainly could though. But this was just I had the program mostly written already so it was easy to do. OK and then the other thing I did , was I took  Javier 's speaker - change detector  acoustic - change detector , and I implemented that with the close - talking mikes , and  unfortunately that 's not working real well , and it looks like it 's  the problem is  he does it in two passes , the first pass  is to find candidate places to do a break. And he does that using a neural net doing broad phone classification and he has the  the , uh  one of the phone classes is silence. And so the possible breaks are where silence starts and ends. And then he has a second pass which is a modeling  a Gaussian mixture model. Um looking for  uh  whether it improves or  or degrades to split at one of those particular places. And what looks like it 's happening is that the  even on the close - talking mike the broad phone class classifier 's doing a really bad job.


I don't remember. Does an do you remember , Morgan , was it Broadcast News ?


I don't remember. Does an do you remember , Morgan , was it Broadcast News ?

Um  So , at any rate , my next attempt ,  which I 'm in the midst of and haven't quite finished yet was actually using the  uh , thresholding as the way of generating the candidates. Because one of the things that definitely happens is if you put the threshold low  you get lots of breaks. All of which are definitely acoustic events. They 're definitely  someone talking. But , like , it could be someone who isn't the person here , but the person over there or it can be the person breathing. And then feeding that into the acoustic change detector. And so I think that might work. But , I haven't gotten very far on that. But all of this is close - talking mike , so it 's , uh  just  just trying to get some ground truth.


I don't remember. Does an do you remember , Morgan , was it Broadcast News ?

Um  So , at any rate , my next attempt ,  which I 'm in the midst of and haven't quite finished yet was actually using the  uh , thresholding as the way of generating the candidates. Because one of the things that definitely happens is if you put the threshold low  you get lots of breaks. All of which are definitely acoustic events. They 're definitely  someone talking. But , like , it could be someone who isn't the person here , but the person over there or it can be the person breathing. And then feeding that into the acoustic change detector. And so I think that might work. But , I haven't gotten very far on that. But all of this is close - talking mike , so it 's , uh  just  just trying to get some ground truth.

Only with eh uh , but eh I  I  I think , eh when  when , y I   I saw the  the  the  the speech from PDA and , eh  close   talker. I  I think the there is a  a great difference in the  in the signal.


Um  So , at any rate , my next attempt ,  which I 'm in the midst of and haven't quite finished yet was actually using the  uh , thresholding as the way of generating the candidates. Because one of the things that definitely happens is if you put the threshold low  you get lots of breaks. All of which are definitely acoustic events. They 're definitely  someone talking. But , like , it could be someone who isn't the person here , but the person over there or it can be the person breathing. And then feeding that into the acoustic change detector. And so I think that might work. But , I haven't gotten very far on that. But all of this is close - talking mike , so it 's , uh  just  just trying to get some ground truth.

Only with eh uh , but eh I  I  I think , eh when  when , y I   I saw the  the  the  the speech from PDA and , eh  close   talker. I  I think the there is a  a great difference in the  in the signal.


Um  So , at any rate , my next attempt ,  which I 'm in the midst of and haven't quite finished yet was actually using the  uh , thresholding as the way of generating the candidates. Because one of the things that definitely happens is if you put the threshold low  you get lots of breaks. All of which are definitely acoustic events. They 're definitely  someone talking. But , like , it could be someone who isn't the person here , but the person over there or it can be the person breathing. And then feeding that into the acoustic change detector. And so I think that might work. But , I haven't gotten very far on that. But all of this is close - talking mike , so it 's , uh  just  just trying to get some ground truth.

Only with eh uh , but eh I  I  I think , eh when  when , y I   I saw the  the  the  the speech from PDA and , eh  close   talker. I  I think the there is a  a great difference in the  in the signal.

Um but eh I  but eh I  I  I mean that eh eh  in the  in the mixed file  you can find , uh  zone with , eh  great different , eh  level of energy.


Only with eh uh , but eh I  I  I think , eh when  when , y I   I saw the  the  the  the speech from PDA and , eh  close   talker. I  I think the there is a  a great difference in the  in the signal.

Um but eh I  but eh I  I  I mean that eh eh  in the  in the mixed file  you can find , uh  zone with , eh  great different , eh  level of energy.

So  s my intention for this is  is as an aide for ground truth. not


Um but eh I  but eh I  I  I mean that eh eh  in the  in the mixed file  you can find , uh  zone with , eh  great different , eh  level of energy.

So  s my intention for this is  is as an aide for ground truth. not

Um  I  I think for , eh  algorithm based on energy ,  eh , that um h mmm ,  more or less , eh , like eh  eh , mmm , first sound energy detector.


So  s my intention for this is  is as an aide for ground truth. not

Um  I  I think for , eh  algorithm based on energy ,  eh , that um h mmm ,  more or less , eh , like eh  eh , mmm , first sound energy detector.

eh nnn. When y you the detect the  the  the first at  at the end of  of the  detector of , ehm princ um. What is the  the name in English ? the  the , mmm ,   the de detector of , ehm of a word in the  in the s in  an isolated word in  in the background That , uh


Um  I  I think for , eh  algorithm based on energy ,  eh , that um h mmm ,  more or less , eh , like eh  eh , mmm , first sound energy detector.

eh nnn. When y you the detect the  the  the first at  at the end of  of the  detector of , ehm princ um. What is the  the name in English ? the  the , mmm ,   the de detector of , ehm of a word in the  in the s in  an isolated word in  in the background That , uh

I 'm  I 'm not sure what you 're saying , can you try


eh nnn. When y you the detect the  the  the first at  at the end of  of the  detector of , ehm princ um. What is the  the name in English ? the  the , mmm ,   the de detector of , ehm of a word in the  in the s in  an isolated word in  in the background That , uh

I 'm  I 'm not sure what you 're saying , can you try

I mean that when  when you use , eh  eh  any


eh nnn. When y you the detect the  the  the first at  at the end of  of the  detector of , ehm princ um. What is the  the name in English ? the  the , mmm ,   the de detector of , ehm of a word in the  in the s in  an isolated word in  in the background That , uh

I 'm  I 'm not sure what you 're saying , can you try

I mean that when  when you use , eh  eh  any

I think he 's saying the onset detector.


I 'm  I 'm not sure what you 're saying , can you try

I mean that when  when you use , eh  eh  any

I think he 's saying the onset detector.


I mean that when  when you use , eh  eh  any

I think he 's saying the onset detector.


I think he 's saying the onset detector.

I  I think it 's probably to work well eh , because , eh  you have eh , in the mixed files a great level of energy. eh  and great difference between the sp speaker. And probably is not so easy when you use the  the PDA , eh that  Because the signal is , eh  the  in the e energy level.


I  I think it 's probably to work well eh , because , eh  you have eh , in the mixed files a great level of energy. eh  and great difference between the sp speaker. And probably is not so easy when you use the  the PDA , eh that  Because the signal is , eh  the  in the e energy level.


I  I think it 's probably to work well eh , because , eh  you have eh , in the mixed files a great level of energy. eh  and great difference between the sp speaker. And probably is not so easy when you use the  the PDA , eh that  Because the signal is , eh  the  in the e energy level.

in  in that , eh  eh  speech file  is , eh  more similar. between the different eh , speaker ,  um  I  I think is  eh , it will  i is my opinion.


in  in that , eh  eh  speech file  is , eh  more similar. between the different eh , speaker ,  um  I  I think is  eh , it will  i is my opinion.

It will be , eh  more difficult to  to detect bass - tone energy. the  the change. I think that , um


in  in that , eh  eh  speech file  is , eh  more similar. between the different eh , speaker ,  um  I  I think is  eh , it will  i is my opinion.

It will be , eh  more difficult to  to detect bass - tone energy. the  the change. I think that , um

Ah , in the clo in the P D A , you mean ?


It will be , eh  more difficult to  to detect bass - tone energy. the  the change. I think that , um

Ah , in the clo in the P D A , you mean ?


Ah , in the clo in the P D A , you mean ?


Yeah , no question. It 'll be much harder.


Yeah , no question. It 'll be much harder.

And the  the another question , that when I review the  the  the work of Javier. I think the , nnn , the , nnn ,  that the idea of using a  neural network  to  to get a broad class of phonetic , eh  from , eh uh a candidate from the  the  the speech signal. If you have , eh  uh , I 'm considering , only because Javier , eh  only consider , eh  like candidate , the , nnn , eh  the silence , because it is the  the only model , eh  eh , he used that , eh   eh  nnn , to detect the  the possibility of a  a change between the  between the speaker ,


And the  the another question , that when I review the  the  the work of Javier. I think the , nnn , the , nnn ,  that the idea of using a  neural network  to  to get a broad class of phonetic , eh  from , eh uh a candidate from the  the  the speech signal. If you have , eh  uh , I 'm considering , only because Javier , eh  only consider , eh  like candidate , the , nnn , eh  the silence , because it is the  the only model , eh  eh , he used that , eh   eh  nnn , to detect the  the possibility of a  a change between the  between the speaker ,


And the  the another question , that when I review the  the  the work of Javier. I think the , nnn , the , nnn ,  that the idea of using a  neural network  to  to get a broad class of phonetic , eh  from , eh uh a candidate from the  the  the speech signal. If you have , eh  uh , I 'm considering , only because Javier , eh  only consider , eh  like candidate , the , nnn , eh  the silence , because it is the  the only model , eh  eh , he used that , eh   eh  nnn , to detect the  the possibility of a  a change between the  between the speaker ,

Um  another  another research thing , different groups , eh  working , eh  on Broadcast News  prefer to , eh  to consider hypothesis eh  between each phoneme.


Um  another  another research thing , different groups , eh  working , eh  on Broadcast News  prefer to , eh  to consider hypothesis eh  between each phoneme.

Because , I  I  I think it 's more realistic that , uh  only consider the   the  the  the silence between the speaker. Eh  there  there exists eh  silence between  between , eh  a speaker. is  is , eh  eh  acoustic , eh  event , important to  to consider.


Because , I  I  I think it 's more realistic that , uh  only consider the   the  the  the silence between the speaker. Eh  there  there exists eh  silence between  between , eh  a speaker. is  is , eh  eh  acoustic , eh  event , important to  to consider.

I  I found that the , eh  silence in  in many occasions in the  in the speech file , but , eh  when you have , eh  eh , two speakers together without enough silence between  between them , eh   I think eh  is better to use the acoustic change detector basically and I  I  I IX or , mmm , BIC criterion for consider all the frames in my opinion.


Because , I  I  I think it 's more realistic that , uh  only consider the   the  the  the silence between the speaker. Eh  there  there exists eh  silence between  between , eh  a speaker. is  is , eh  eh  acoustic , eh  event , important to  to consider.

I  I found that the , eh  silence in  in many occasions in the  in the speech file , but , eh  when you have , eh  eh , two speakers together without enough silence between  between them , eh   I think eh  is better to use the acoustic change detector basically and I  I  I IX or , mmm , BIC criterion for consider all the frames in my opinion.

Mm - hmm. Yeah , the  you know , the reason that he , uh  just used silence  was not because he thought it was better , it was  it was  it was the place he was starting.


I  I found that the , eh  silence in  in many occasions in the  in the speech file , but , eh  when you have , eh  eh , two speakers together without enough silence between  between them , eh   I think eh  is better to use the acoustic change detector basically and I  I  I IX or , mmm , BIC criterion for consider all the frames in my opinion.

Mm - hmm. Yeah , the  you know , the reason that he , uh  just used silence  was not because he thought it was better , it was  it was  it was the place he was starting.


Mm - hmm. Yeah , the  you know , the reason that he , uh  just used silence  was not because he thought it was better , it was  it was  it was the place he was starting.

So , he was trying to get something going ,


So , he was trying to get something going ,


So , he was trying to get something going ,

and , uh e e you know , as  as   as is in your case , if you 're here for only a modest number of months you try to pick a realistic goal ,


So , he was trying to get something going ,

and , uh e e you know , as  as   as is in your case , if you 're here for only a modest number of months you try to pick a realistic goal ,

Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah. Yeah. Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.


and , uh e e you know , as  as   as is in your case , if you 're here for only a modest number of months you try to pick a realistic goal ,

Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah. Yeah. Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.


and , uh e e you know , as  as   as is in your case , if you 're here for only a modest number of months you try to pick a realistic goal ,

Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah. Yeah. Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.

But his  his goal was always to proceed from there to then allow broad category change also.


Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah. Yeah. Yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.

But his  his goal was always to proceed from there to then allow broad category change also.

Uh - huh. But , eh  do  do you think that if you consider all the frames to apply  the  the , eh  the BIC criterion to detect the  the  the different acoustic change ,  eh  between speaker , without , uh  with , uh  silence or  with overlapping , uh , I think like  like , eh  eh a general , eh  eh  way of process the  the acoustic change.


But his  his goal was always to proceed from there to then allow broad category change also.

Uh - huh. But , eh  do  do you think that if you consider all the frames to apply  the  the , eh  the BIC criterion to detect the  the  the different acoustic change ,  eh  between speaker , without , uh  with , uh  silence or  with overlapping , uh , I think like  like , eh  eh a general , eh  eh  way of process the  the acoustic change.


Uh - huh. But , eh  do  do you think that if you consider all the frames to apply  the  the , eh  the BIC criterion to detect the  the  the different acoustic change ,  eh  between speaker , without , uh  with , uh  silence or  with overlapping , uh , I think like  like , eh  eh a general , eh  eh  way of process the  the acoustic change.


An - and then , eh   eh  without considering the you  you  you , um  you can consider the energy  like a another parameter in the  in the feature vector , eh.


An - and then , eh   eh  without considering the you  you  you , um  you can consider the energy  like a another parameter in the  in the feature vector , eh.

This  this is the idea. And if , if you do that , eh  eh , with a BIC uh criterion for example , or with another kind of , eh  of distance in a first step ,  and then you , eh  you get the , eh  the hypothesis to the  this change acoustic ,  eh   to po process


This  this is the idea. And if , if you do that , eh  eh , with a BIC uh criterion for example , or with another kind of , eh  of distance in a first step ,  and then you , eh  you get the , eh  the hypothesis to the  this change acoustic ,  eh   to po process


This  this is the idea. And if , if you do that , eh  eh , with a BIC uh criterion for example , or with another kind of , eh  of distance in a first step ,  and then you , eh  you get the , eh  the hypothesis to the  this change acoustic ,  eh   to po process

Because , eh  eh , probably you  you can find the  the  eh  a small gap of silence between speaker  with eh  eh  a ga mmm ,   small duration Less than ,  eh  two hundred milliseconds for example


Because , eh  eh , probably you  you can find the  the  eh  a small gap of silence between speaker  with eh  eh  a ga mmm ,   small duration Less than ,  eh  two hundred milliseconds for example

and apply another  another algorithm , another approach like , eh  eh  detector of ene , eh detector of bass - tone energy to  to consider that , eh  that , eh  zone. of s a small silence between speaker , or  another algorithm to  to process ,  eh  the  the segment between marks eh  founded by the  the  the BIC criterion and applied for  for each frame.


and apply another  another algorithm , another approach like , eh  eh  detector of ene , eh detector of bass - tone energy to  to consider that , eh  that , eh  zone. of s a small silence between speaker , or  another algorithm to  to process ,  eh  the  the segment between marks eh  founded by the  the  the BIC criterion and applied for  for each frame.

I think is , eh  nnn , it will be a an  an  a more general approach  the  if we compare  with use , eh  a neural net or another , eh  speech recognizer with a broad class or  or narrow class , because , in my opinion eh  it 's in my opinion ,  eh if you  if you change the condition of the speech , I mean , if you adjust to your algorithm with a mixed speech file and to , eh  to , eh   adapt the neural net , eh  used by Javier with a mixed file.


I think is , eh  nnn , it will be a an  an  a more general approach  the  if we compare  with use , eh  a neural net or another , eh  speech recognizer with a broad class or  or narrow class , because , in my opinion eh  it 's in my opinion ,  eh if you  if you change the condition of the speech , I mean , if you adjust to your algorithm with a mixed speech file and to , eh  to , eh   adapt the neural net , eh  used by Javier with a mixed file.


Sorry. And  and then you  you , eh you try to  to apply that , eh , eh , eh , speech recognizer to that signal , to the PDA , eh  speech file ,  I  I think you will have problems , because the  the  the  the  condition  you  you will need t t I  I suppose that you will need to  to  to retrain it.


Sorry. And  and then you  you , eh you try to  to apply that , eh , eh , eh , speech recognizer to that signal , to the PDA , eh  speech file ,  I  I think you will have problems , because the  the  the  the  condition  you  you will need t t I  I suppose that you will need to  to  to retrain it.

Oh , absolutely. This is  this is not what I was suggesting to do.


Sorry. And  and then you  you , eh you try to  to apply that , eh , eh , eh , speech recognizer to that signal , to the PDA , eh  speech file ,  I  I think you will have problems , because the  the  the  the  condition  you  you will need t t I  I suppose that you will need to  to  to retrain it.

Oh , absolutely. This is  this is not what I was suggesting to do.

u  Look , I  I think this is a  One  once  It 's a  I used to work , like , on voiced  on voice silence detection , you know , and this is this  kind of thing.


Oh , absolutely. This is  this is not what I was suggesting to do.

u  Look , I  I think this is a  One  once  It 's a  I used to work , like , on voiced  on voice silence detection , you know , and this is this  kind of thing.


Oh , absolutely. This is  this is not what I was suggesting to do.

u  Look , I  I think this is a  One  once  It 's a  I used to work , like , on voiced  on voice silence detection , you know , and this is this  kind of thing.

Um  If you  have somebody who has some experience with this sort of thing , and they work on it for a couple months ,  they can come up with something that gets most of the cases fairly easily. Then you say , " OK , I don't just wanna get most of the cases I want it to be really accurate. " Then it gets really hard no matter what you do. So , the p the problem is is that if you say , " Well I  I have these other data over here ,  that I learn things from , either explicit training of neural nets or of Gaussian mixture models or whatever. "


u  Look , I  I think this is a  One  once  It 's a  I used to work , like , on voiced  on voice silence detection , you know , and this is this  kind of thing.

Um  If you  have somebody who has some experience with this sort of thing , and they work on it for a couple months ,  they can come up with something that gets most of the cases fairly easily. Then you say , " OK , I don't just wanna get most of the cases I want it to be really accurate. " Then it gets really hard no matter what you do. So , the p the problem is is that if you say , " Well I  I have these other data over here ,  that I learn things from , either explicit training of neural nets or of Gaussian mixture models or whatever. "


Um  If you  have somebody who has some experience with this sort of thing , and they work on it for a couple months ,  they can come up with something that gets most of the cases fairly easily. Then you say , " OK , I don't just wanna get most of the cases I want it to be really accurate. " Then it gets really hard no matter what you do. So , the p the problem is is that if you say , " Well I  I have these other data over here ,  that I learn things from , either explicit training of neural nets or of Gaussian mixture models or whatever. "

Uh  Suppose you don't use any of those things. You say you have looked for acoustic change. Well , what does that mean ? That  that means you set some thresholds somewhere or something ,


Uh  Suppose you don't use any of those things. You say you have looked for acoustic change. Well , what does that mean ? That  that means you set some thresholds somewhere or something ,

right ? and  and so  where do you get your thresholds from ?


right ? and  and so  where do you get your thresholds from ?

From something that you looked at. So  you always have this problem , you 're going to new data um  H how are you going to adapt whatever you can very quickly learn about the new data ?  Uh , if it 's gonna be different from old data that you have ? And I think that 's a problem  with this.


right ? and  and so  where do you get your thresholds from ?

From something that you looked at. So  you always have this problem , you 're going to new data um  H how are you going to adapt whatever you can very quickly learn about the new data ?  Uh , if it 's gonna be different from old data that you have ? And I think that 's a problem  with this.

Well , also what I 'm doing right now is not intended to be an acoustic change detector for far - field mikes. What I 'm doing  is trying to use the close - talking mike  and just use   Can - and just generate candidate and just  try to get a first pass at something that sort of works.


From something that you looked at. So  you always have this problem , you 're going to new data um  H how are you going to adapt whatever you can very quickly learn about the new data ?  Uh , if it 's gonna be different from old data that you have ? And I think that 's a problem  with this.

Well , also what I 'm doing right now is not intended to be an acoustic change detector for far - field mikes. What I 'm doing  is trying to use the close - talking mike  and just use   Can - and just generate candidate and just  try to get a first pass at something that sort of works.


Well , also what I 'm doing right now is not intended to be an acoustic change detector for far - field mikes. What I 'm doing  is trying to use the close - talking mike  and just use   Can - and just generate candidate and just  try to get a first pass at something that sort of works.


and I haven't spent a lot of time on it and I 'm not intending to spend a lot of time on it.


and I haven't spent a lot of time on it and I 'm not intending to spend a lot of time on it.

OK. I  um , I , unfortunately , have to run ,


and I haven't spent a lot of time on it and I 'm not intending to spend a lot of time on it.

OK. I  um , I , unfortunately , have to run ,

but , um  I can imagine  uh building  a  um  model of speaker change  detection  that  takes into account  both the far - field and the  uh  actually , not just the close - talking mike for that speaker , but actually for all of th  for all of the speakers.


OK. I  um , I , unfortunately , have to run ,

but , um  I can imagine  uh building  a  um  model of speaker change  detection  that  takes into account  both the far - field and the  uh  actually , not just the close - talking mike for that speaker , but actually for all of th  for all of the speakers.


but , um  I can imagine  uh building  a  um  model of speaker change  detection  that  takes into account  both the far - field and the  uh  actually , not just the close - talking mike for that speaker , but actually for all of th  for all of the speakers.


but , um  I can imagine  uh building  a  um  model of speaker change  detection  that  takes into account  both the far - field and the  uh  actually , not just the close - talking mike for that speaker , but actually for all of th  for all of the speakers.

um  If you model the   the  effect that  me speaking has on  your  microphone and everybody else 's microphone , as well as on that ,  and you build , um  basically I think you 'd  you would  build a   an HMM that has as a state space all of the possible speaker combinations


um  If you model the   the  effect that  me speaking has on  your  microphone and everybody else 's microphone , as well as on that ,  and you build , um  basically I think you 'd  you would  build a   an HMM that has as a state space all of the possible speaker combinations


Two to the N. Two to the number of people in the meeting.


Two to the N. Two to the number of people in the meeting.

But  Actually , Andreas may maybe  maybe just something simpler but  but along the lines of what you 're saying ,


But  Actually , Andreas may maybe  maybe just something simpler but  but along the lines of what you 're saying ,

I was just realizing , I used to know this guy who used to build , uh  um , mike mixers  automatic mike mixers where , you know , t in order to able to turn up the gain , you know , uh  as much as you can , you  you  you lower the gain on  on the mikes of people who aren't talking ,


I was just realizing , I used to know this guy who used to build , uh  um , mike mixers  automatic mike mixers where , you know , t in order to able to turn up the gain , you know , uh  as much as you can , you  you  you lower the gain on  on the mikes of people who aren't talking ,


right ? And then he had some sort of  reasonable way of doing that ,


right ? And then he had some sort of  reasonable way of doing that ,

but  uh , what if you were just looking at very simple measures like energy measures but you don't just compare it to some threshold  overall but you compare it to the  energy in the other microphones.


right ? And then he had some sort of  reasonable way of doing that ,

but  uh , what if you were just looking at very simple measures like energy measures but you don't just compare it to some threshold  overall but you compare it to the  energy in the other microphones.

I was thinking about doing that originally to find out  who 's the loudest , and that person is certainly talking.


but  uh , what if you were just looking at very simple measures like energy measures but you don't just compare it to some threshold  overall but you compare it to the  energy in the other microphones.

I was thinking about doing that originally to find out  who 's the loudest , and that person is certainly talking.


but  uh , what if you were just looking at very simple measures like energy measures but you don't just compare it to some threshold  overall but you compare it to the  energy in the other microphones.

I was thinking about doing that originally to find out  who 's the loudest , and that person is certainly talking.

But I also wanted to find threshold  uh , excuse me , mol overlap.


I was thinking about doing that originally to find out  who 's the loudest , and that person is certainly talking.

But I also wanted to find threshold  uh , excuse me , mol overlap.


But I also wanted to find threshold  uh , excuse me , mol overlap.


I  I Sorry. I  I have found that when  when I I analyzed the  the speech files from the ,  eh  mike , eh  from the eh close eh  microphone , eh  I found zones with a  a different level of energy.


I  I Sorry. I  I have found that when  when I I analyzed the  the speech files from the ,  eh  mike , eh  from the eh close eh  microphone , eh  I found zones with a  a different level of energy.

OK. Could you fill that out anyway ? Just ,  put your name in. Are y you want me to do it ? I 'll do it.


OK. Could you fill that out anyway ? Just ,  put your name in. Are y you want me to do it ? I 'll do it.


OK. Could you fill that out anyway ? Just ,  put your name in. Are y you want me to do it ? I 'll do it.

including overlap zone. including. because , eh  eh  depend on the position of the  of the microph of the each speaker  to , eh , to get more o or less energy  i in the mixed sign in the signal. and then ,  if you consider energy to  to detect overlapping in  in , uh , and you process the  the  in  the  the  the speech file from the  the  the mixed signals. The mixed signals , eh. I  I think it 's  it 's difficult , um   only to en with energy to  to consider that in that zone We have eh , eh , overlapping zone Eh , if you process only the the energy of the , of each frame.


including overlap zone. including. because , eh  eh  depend on the position of the  of the microph of the each speaker  to , eh , to get more o or less energy  i in the mixed sign in the signal. and then ,  if you consider energy to  to detect overlapping in  in , uh , and you process the  the  in  the  the  the speech file from the  the  the mixed signals. The mixed signals , eh. I  I think it 's  it 's difficult , um   only to en with energy to  to consider that in that zone We have eh , eh , overlapping zone Eh , if you process only the the energy of the , of each frame.

Well , it 's probably harder , but I  I think what I was s nnn noting just when he  when Andreas raised that , was that there 's other information to be gained from looking at all  of the microphones and you may not need to look at very sophisticated things ,


including overlap zone. including. because , eh  eh  depend on the position of the  of the microph of the each speaker  to , eh , to get more o or less energy  i in the mixed sign in the signal. and then ,  if you consider energy to  to detect overlapping in  in , uh , and you process the  the  in  the  the  the speech file from the  the  the mixed signals. The mixed signals , eh. I  I think it 's  it 's difficult , um   only to en with energy to  to consider that in that zone We have eh , eh , overlapping zone Eh , if you process only the the energy of the , of each frame.

Well , it 's probably harder , but I  I think what I was s nnn noting just when he  when Andreas raised that , was that there 's other information to be gained from looking at all  of the microphones and you may not need to look at very sophisticated things ,

because if there 's   if most of the overlaps  you know , this doesn't cover , say , three , but if most of the overlaps , say , are two ,  if the distribution looks like there 's a couple high ones and  and  the rest of them are low ,


Well , it 's probably harder , but I  I think what I was s nnn noting just when he  when Andreas raised that , was that there 's other information to be gained from looking at all  of the microphones and you may not need to look at very sophisticated things ,

because if there 's   if most of the overlaps  you know , this doesn't cover , say , three , but if most of the overlaps , say , are two ,  if the distribution looks like there 's a couple high ones and  and  the rest of them are low ,


because if there 's   if most of the overlaps  you know , this doesn't cover , say , three , but if most of the overlaps , say , are two ,  if the distribution looks like there 's a couple high ones and  and  the rest of them are low ,


there 's some information there about their distribution even with very simple measures.


there 's some information there about their distribution even with very simple measures.

Uh , by the way , I had an idea with  while I was watching Chuck nodding at a lot of these things , is that we can all wear little bells on our heads ,  so that  then you 'd know that


Uh , by the way , I had an idea with  while I was watching Chuck nodding at a lot of these things , is that we can all wear little bells on our heads ,  so that  then you 'd know that


I think that 'd be really interesting too , with blindfolds. Then


Well , trying with and   with and without , yeah.


Well , trying with and   with and without , yeah.

" Sorry , I 'm just  I 'm just going to sleep. "


" Sorry , I 'm just  I 'm just going to sleep. "

Actually , I saw a uh  a woman at the bus stop the other day who , um , was talking on her cell phone  speaking Japanese , and was bowing. you know , profusely.


Actually , I saw a uh  a woman at the bus stop the other day who , um , was talking on her cell phone  speaking Japanese , and was bowing. you know , profusely.


It 's very difficult if you try  while you 're trying , say , to convince somebody on the phone it 's difficult not to move your hands. Not  You know , if you watch people they 'll actually do these things.


It 's very difficult if you try  while you 're trying , say , to convince somebody on the phone it 's difficult not to move your hands. Not  You know , if you watch people they 'll actually do these things.

So. I still think we should try a  a meeting or two with the blindfolds , at least of this meeting that we have lots of recordings of


So. I still think we should try a  a meeting or two with the blindfolds , at least of this meeting that we have lots of recordings of

Um , maybe for part of the meeting , we don't have to do it the whole meeting.


So. I still think we should try a  a meeting or two with the blindfolds , at least of this meeting that we have lots of recordings of

Um , maybe for part of the meeting , we don't have to do it the whole meeting.

Yeah , I think th I think it 's a great idea.


Um , maybe for part of the meeting , we don't have to do it the whole meeting.

Yeah , I think th I think it 's a great idea.

That could be fun. It 'll be too hard to make barriers , I was thinking because they have to go all the way


Yeah , I think th I think it 's a great idea.

That could be fun. It 'll be too hard to make barriers , I was thinking because they have to go all the way

you know , I can see Chuck even if you put a barrier here.


That could be fun. It 'll be too hard to make barriers , I was thinking because they have to go all the way

you know , I can see Chuck even if you put a barrier here.

Well , we could just turn out the lights.


you know , I can see Chuck even if you put a barrier here.

Well , we could just turn out the lights.

Actually  well also  I  I can say I made barr barriers for  so that  the  stuff I was doing with Collin wha  which  just used , um  this  kind of foam board.


Well , we could just turn out the lights.

Actually  well also  I  I can say I made barr barriers for  so that  the  stuff I was doing with Collin wha  which  just used , um  this  kind of foam board.

R really inexpensive. You can  you can masking tape it together , these are  you know , pretty l large partitions.


Actually  well also  I  I can say I made barr barriers for  so that  the  stuff I was doing with Collin wha  which  just used , um  this  kind of foam board.

R really inexpensive. You can  you can masking tape it together , these are  you know , pretty l large partitions.


R really inexpensive. You can  you can masking tape it together , these are  you know , pretty l large partitions.

But then we also have these mikes , is the other thing I was thinking , so we need a barrier that doesn't disturb  the sound ,


R really inexpensive. You can  you can masking tape it together , these are  you know , pretty l large partitions.

But then we also have these mikes , is the other thing I was thinking , so we need a barrier that doesn't disturb  the sound ,

It 's true , it would disturb the , um  the  the long - range


But then we also have these mikes , is the other thing I was thinking , so we need a barrier that doesn't disturb  the sound ,

It 's true , it would disturb the , um  the  the long - range


It 's true , it would disturb the , um  the  the long - range


I mean , it sounds weird but  but   you know it 's   it 's cheap and , uh Be interesting to have the camera going.


I mean , it sounds weird but  but   you know it 's   it 's cheap and , uh Be interesting to have the camera going.

Probably we should wait until after Adam 's set up the mikes , But.


I mean , it sounds weird but  but   you know it 's   it 's cheap and , uh Be interesting to have the camera going.

Probably we should wait until after Adam 's set up the mikes , But.

OK. I think we 're going to have to work on the , uh   on the human subjects  form.


Probably we should wait until after Adam 's set up the mikes , But.

OK. I think we 're going to have to work on the , uh   on the human subjects  form.

Yeah , that 's right , we didn't tell them we would be blindfolding.


OK. I think we 're going to have to work on the , uh   on the human subjects  form.

Yeah , that 's right , we didn't tell them we would be blindfolding.


Yeah , that 's right , we didn't tell them we would be blindfolding.

" Do you mind being blindfolded while you 're interviewed ? "


Yeah , that 's right , we didn't tell them we would be blindfolding.

" Do you mind being blindfolded while you 're interviewed ? "

that 's  that 's  that 's the one that we videotape. So. Um , I  I wanna move this along. Uh  I did have this other agenda item which is , uh @ @  it 's uh a list which I sent to uh  a couple folks , but um I wanted to get broader input on it , So this is the things that I think we did  in the last three months obviously not everything we did but  but sort of highlights that I can   can  tell  s some outside person , you know , what  what were you  actually working on. Um  in no particular order  uh , one , uh , ten more hours of meeting r meetings recorded , something like that , you know from  from , uh  three months ago. Uh  XML formats and other transcription aspects sorted out  and uh  sent to IBM. Um , pilot data put together and sent to IBM for transcription , uh  next batch of recorded data put together on the CD - ROMs for shipment to IBM ,


" Do you mind being blindfolded while you 're interviewed ? "

that 's  that 's  that 's the one that we videotape. So. Um , I  I wanna move this along. Uh  I did have this other agenda item which is , uh @ @  it 's uh a list which I sent to uh  a couple folks , but um I wanted to get broader input on it , So this is the things that I think we did  in the last three months obviously not everything we did but  but sort of highlights that I can   can  tell  s some outside person , you know , what  what were you  actually working on. Um  in no particular order  uh , one , uh , ten more hours of meeting r meetings recorded , something like that , you know from  from , uh  three months ago. Uh  XML formats and other transcription aspects sorted out  and uh  sent to IBM. Um , pilot data put together and sent to IBM for transcription , uh  next batch of recorded data put together on the CD - ROMs for shipment to IBM ,

Hasn't been sent yet , but  It 's getting ready.


" Do you mind being blindfolded while you 're interviewed ? "

that 's  that 's  that 's the one that we videotape. So. Um , I  I wanna move this along. Uh  I did have this other agenda item which is , uh @ @  it 's uh a list which I sent to uh  a couple folks , but um I wanted to get broader input on it , So this is the things that I think we did  in the last three months obviously not everything we did but  but sort of highlights that I can   can  tell  s some outside person , you know , what  what were you  actually working on. Um  in no particular order  uh , one , uh , ten more hours of meeting r meetings recorded , something like that , you know from  from , uh  three months ago. Uh  XML formats and other transcription aspects sorted out  and uh  sent to IBM. Um , pilot data put together and sent to IBM for transcription , uh  next batch of recorded data put together on the CD - ROMs for shipment to IBM ,

Hasn't been sent yet , but  It 's getting ready.

But yeah , that 's why I phrased it that way , yeah OK. Um  human subjects approval on campus , uh  and release forms worked out so the meeting participants have a chance to request audio pixelization of selected parts of the spee their speech. Um  audio pixelization software written and tested. Um   preliminary analysis of overlaps in the pilot data we have transcribed , and exploratory analysis of long - distance inferences for topic coherence , that was  I was   wasn't  sure if those were the right way   that was the right way to describe that because of that little exercise that  that you  and  and Lokendra did.


that 's  that 's  that 's the one that we videotape. So. Um , I  I wanna move this along. Uh  I did have this other agenda item which is , uh @ @  it 's uh a list which I sent to uh  a couple folks , but um I wanted to get broader input on it , So this is the things that I think we did  in the last three months obviously not everything we did but  but sort of highlights that I can   can  tell  s some outside person , you know , what  what were you  actually working on. Um  in no particular order  uh , one , uh , ten more hours of meeting r meetings recorded , something like that , you know from  from , uh  three months ago. Uh  XML formats and other transcription aspects sorted out  and uh  sent to IBM. Um , pilot data put together and sent to IBM for transcription , uh  next batch of recorded data put together on the CD - ROMs for shipment to IBM ,

Hasn't been sent yet , but  It 's getting ready.

But yeah , that 's why I phrased it that way , yeah OK. Um  human subjects approval on campus , uh  and release forms worked out so the meeting participants have a chance to request audio pixelization of selected parts of the spee their speech. Um  audio pixelization software written and tested. Um   preliminary analysis of overlaps in the pilot data we have transcribed , and exploratory analysis of long - distance inferences for topic coherence , that was  I was   wasn't  sure if those were the right way   that was the right way to describe that because of that little exercise that  that you  and  and Lokendra did.


Hasn't been sent yet , but  It 's getting ready.

But yeah , that 's why I phrased it that way , yeah OK. Um  human subjects approval on campus , uh  and release forms worked out so the meeting participants have a chance to request audio pixelization of selected parts of the spee their speech. Um  audio pixelization software written and tested. Um   preliminary analysis of overlaps in the pilot data we have transcribed , and exploratory analysis of long - distance inferences for topic coherence , that was  I was   wasn't  sure if those were the right way   that was the right way to describe that because of that little exercise that  that you  and  and Lokendra did.

I  well , I I 'm probably saying this wrong , but what I said was exploratory analysis of long - distance inferences  for topic coherence.