Right ? Cuz if you 're taking the log of these things , it could be , uh  Knowing what the sum of the probabilities are , doesn't tell you what the sum of the logs are.

Yeah. So we should look at the likelihood , or  or what ? Or  well , at the log , perhaps , and


Yeah. So we should look at the likelihood , or  or what ? Or  well , at the log , perhaps , and


Yeah. So we should look at the likelihood , or  or what ? Or  well , at the log , perhaps , and

Or what  you know , what you 're uh  the thing you 're actually looking at.


Or what  you know , what you 're uh  the thing you 're actually looking at.


Or what  you know , what you 're uh  the thing you 're actually looking at.

So your  your  the values that are  are actually being fed into HTK.


So your  your  the values that are  are actually being fed into HTK.


So your  your  the values that are  are actually being fed into HTK.

No And so th the , uh  for the tandem system , the values that come out of the net don't go through the sigmoid. Right ? They 're sort of the pre - nonlinearity values ?


No And so th the , uh  for the tandem system , the values that come out of the net don't go through the sigmoid. Right ? They 're sort of the pre - nonlinearity values ?


No And so th the , uh  for the tandem system , the values that come out of the net don't go through the sigmoid. Right ? They 're sort of the pre - nonlinearity values ?

Right. So they 're  kinda like log probabilities is what I was saying.


No And so th the , uh  for the tandem system , the values that come out of the net don't go through the sigmoid. Right ? They 're sort of the pre - nonlinearity values ?

Right. So they 're  kinda like log probabilities is what I was saying.

And those  OK. And tho that 's what goes  into  HTK ?


Right. So they 're  kinda like log probabilities is what I was saying.

And those  OK. And tho that 's what goes  into  HTK ?

Uh , almost. But then you actually do a KLT on them.


And those  OK. And tho that 's what goes  into  HTK ?

Uh , almost. But then you actually do a KLT on them.

Um. They aren't normalized after that , are they ?


Uh , almost. But then you actually do a KLT on them.

Um. They aren't normalized after that , are they ?


Um. They aren't normalized after that , are they ?

No. OK. So , um. Right. So the question is  Yeah. Whatever they are at that point , um , are they something for which taking a square root or cube root or fourth root or something like that is  is gonna be a good or a bad thing ? So.


No. OK. So , um. Right. So the question is  Yeah. Whatever they are at that point , um , are they something for which taking a square root or cube root or fourth root or something like that is  is gonna be a good or a bad thing ? So.

Uh , and that 's something that nothing  nothing else after that is gonna  Uh , things are gonna scale it  Uh , you know , subtract things from it , scale it from it , but nothing will have that same effect. Um. So. Um. Anyway , eh


No. OK. So , um. Right. So the question is  Yeah. Whatever they are at that point , um , are they something for which taking a square root or cube root or fourth root or something like that is  is gonna be a good or a bad thing ? So.

Uh , and that 's something that nothing  nothing else after that is gonna  Uh , things are gonna scale it  Uh , you know , subtract things from it , scale it from it , but nothing will have that same effect. Um. So. Um. Anyway , eh

Yeah. Cuz if  if the log probs that are coming out of the MSG are really big , the standard  insertion penalty is gonna have very little effect


Uh , and that 's something that nothing  nothing else after that is gonna  Uh , things are gonna scale it  Uh , you know , subtract things from it , scale it from it , but nothing will have that same effect. Um. So. Um. Anyway , eh

Yeah. Cuz if  if the log probs that are coming out of the MSG are really big , the standard  insertion penalty is gonna have very little effect


Uh , and that 's something that nothing  nothing else after that is gonna  Uh , things are gonna scale it  Uh , you know , subtract things from it , scale it from it , but nothing will have that same effect. Um. So. Um. Anyway , eh

Yeah. Cuz if  if the log probs that are coming out of the MSG are really big , the standard  insertion penalty is gonna have very little effect

compared to , you know , a smaller set of log probs.


Yeah. Cuz if  if the log probs that are coming out of the MSG are really big , the standard  insertion penalty is gonna have very little effect

compared to , you know , a smaller set of log probs.

Yeah. No. Again you don't really  look at that. It 's something  that , and then it 's going through this transformation that 's probably pretty close to  It 's , eh , whatever the KLT is doing. But it 's probably pretty close to what a  a  a discrete cosine transformation is doing.


compared to , you know , a smaller set of log probs.

Yeah. No. Again you don't really  look at that. It 's something  that , and then it 's going through this transformation that 's probably pretty close to  It 's , eh , whatever the KLT is doing. But it 's probably pretty close to what a  a  a discrete cosine transformation is doing.


compared to , you know , a smaller set of log probs.

Yeah. No. Again you don't really  look at that. It 's something  that , and then it 's going through this transformation that 's probably pretty close to  It 's , eh , whatever the KLT is doing. But it 's probably pretty close to what a  a  a discrete cosine transformation is doing.

But still it 's  it 's not gonna probably radically change the scale of things. I would think. And , uh  Yeah. It may be entirely off and  and it may be  at the very least it may be quite different for MSG than it is for mel cepstrum or PLP. So that would be  So the first thing I 'd look at without adjusting anything would just be to go back to the experiment and look at the , uh , substitutions , insertions , and deletions. And if the  if the , uh  i if there 's a fairly large effect of the difference , say , uh , uh , the r ratio between insertions and deletions for the two cases then that would be , uh , an indicator that it might  might be in that direction.


Yeah. No. Again you don't really  look at that. It 's something  that , and then it 's going through this transformation that 's probably pretty close to  It 's , eh , whatever the KLT is doing. But it 's probably pretty close to what a  a  a discrete cosine transformation is doing.

But still it 's  it 's not gonna probably radically change the scale of things. I would think. And , uh  Yeah. It may be entirely off and  and it may be  at the very least it may be quite different for MSG than it is for mel cepstrum or PLP. So that would be  So the first thing I 'd look at without adjusting anything would just be to go back to the experiment and look at the , uh , substitutions , insertions , and deletions. And if the  if the , uh  i if there 's a fairly large effect of the difference , say , uh , uh , the r ratio between insertions and deletions for the two cases then that would be , uh , an indicator that it might  might be in that direction.


But still it 's  it 's not gonna probably radically change the scale of things. I would think. And , uh  Yeah. It may be entirely off and  and it may be  at the very least it may be quite different for MSG than it is for mel cepstrum or PLP. So that would be  So the first thing I 'd look at without adjusting anything would just be to go back to the experiment and look at the , uh , substitutions , insertions , and deletions. And if the  if the , uh  i if there 's a fairly large effect of the difference , say , uh , uh , the r ratio between insertions and deletions for the two cases then that would be , uh , an indicator that it might  might be in that direction.


But still it 's  it 's not gonna probably radically change the scale of things. I would think. And , uh  Yeah. It may be entirely off and  and it may be  at the very least it may be quite different for MSG than it is for mel cepstrum or PLP. So that would be  So the first thing I 'd look at without adjusting anything would just be to go back to the experiment and look at the , uh , substitutions , insertions , and deletions. And if the  if the , uh  i if there 's a fairly large effect of the difference , say , uh , uh , the r ratio between insertions and deletions for the two cases then that would be , uh , an indicator that it might  might be in that direction.

my  my point was more that it  it works sometimes and  but sometimes it doesn't work.


my  my point was more that it  it works sometimes and  but sometimes it doesn't work.


And it works on TI - digits and on SpeechDat - Car it doesn't work , and


And it works on TI - digits and on SpeechDat - Car it doesn't work , and

But , you know , some problems are harder than others ,


But , you know , some problems are harder than others ,


But , you know , some problems are harder than others ,

and  And , uh , sometimes , you know , there 's enough evidence for something to work and then it 's harder , it breaks. You know ,


and  And , uh , sometimes , you know , there 's enough evidence for something to work and then it 's harder , it breaks. You know ,

so it 's  But it  but , um , i it  it could be that when you say it works maybe we could be doing much better , even in TI - digits. Right ?


so it 's  But it  but , um , i it  it could be that when you say it works maybe we could be doing much better , even in TI - digits. Right ?


Yeah. Well , there is also the spectral subtraction , which , um  I think maybe we should , uh , try to integrate it in  in our system.


I think that would involve to   to mmm  use a big  a  al already a big bunch of the system of Ericsson. Because he has spectral subtraction , then it 's followed by ,  um , other kind of processing that 's  are dependent on the  uh , if it 's speech or noi or silence.


I think that would involve to   to mmm  use a big  a  al already a big bunch of the system of Ericsson. Because he has spectral subtraction , then it 's followed by ,  um , other kind of processing that 's  are dependent on the  uh , if it 's speech or noi or silence.

And there is this kind of spectral flattening after  if it 's silence , and  and s I  I think it 's important , um ,  to reduce this musical noise and this  this increase of variance during silence portions. So. Well. This was in this would involve to take almost everything from  from the  this proposal and  and then just add some kind of on - line normalization in  in the neural network. Mmm.


I think that would involve to   to mmm  use a big  a  al already a big bunch of the system of Ericsson. Because he has spectral subtraction , then it 's followed by ,  um , other kind of processing that 's  are dependent on the  uh , if it 's speech or noi or silence.

And there is this kind of spectral flattening after  if it 's silence , and  and s I  I think it 's important , um ,  to reduce this musical noise and this  this increase of variance during silence portions. So. Well. This was in this would involve to take almost everything from  from the  this proposal and  and then just add some kind of on - line normalization in  in the neural network. Mmm.

OK. Well , this 'll be , I think , something for discussion with Hynek next week.


And there is this kind of spectral flattening after  if it 's silence , and  and s I  I think it 's important , um ,  to reduce this musical noise and this  this increase of variance during silence portions. So. Well. This was in this would involve to take almost everything from  from the  this proposal and  and then just add some kind of on - line normalization in  in the neural network. Mmm.

OK. Well , this 'll be , I think , something for discussion with Hynek next week.


And there is this kind of spectral flattening after  if it 's silence , and  and s I  I think it 's important , um ,  to reduce this musical noise and this  this increase of variance during silence portions. So. Well. This was in this would involve to take almost everything from  from the  this proposal and  and then just add some kind of on - line normalization in  in the neural network. Mmm.

OK. Well , this 'll be , I think , something for discussion with Hynek next week.

Yeah. OK. Right. So. How are , uh , uh  how are things going with what you 're doing ?


OK. Well , this 'll be , I think , something for discussion with Hynek next week.

Yeah. OK. Right. So. How are , uh , uh  how are things going with what you 're doing ?

Oh. Well , um , I took a lot of time just getting my taxes out of the way  multi - national taxes. So , I 'm  I 'm starting to write code now for my work but I don't have any results yet. Um , i it would be good for me to talk to Hynek , I think , when he 's here.


Yeah. OK. Right. So. How are , uh , uh  how are things going with what you 're doing ?

Oh. Well , um , I took a lot of time just getting my taxes out of the way  multi - national taxes. So , I 'm  I 'm starting to write code now for my work but I don't have any results yet. Um , i it would be good for me to talk to Hynek , I think , when he 's here.


Yeah. OK. Right. So. How are , uh , uh  how are things going with what you 're doing ?

Oh. Well , um , I took a lot of time just getting my taxes out of the way  multi - national taxes. So , I 'm  I 'm starting to write code now for my work but I don't have any results yet. Um , i it would be good for me to talk to Hynek , I think , when he 's here.

Do you know what his schedule will be like ?


Oh. Well , um , I took a lot of time just getting my taxes out of the way  multi - national taxes. So , I 'm  I 'm starting to write code now for my work but I don't have any results yet. Um , i it would be good for me to talk to Hynek , I think , when he 's here.

Do you know what his schedule will be like ?


Do you know what his schedule will be like ?


So , uh  Um. I 'll , uh  You know , he 's  he 'll  he 'll be talking with everybody in this room So.


So , uh  Um. I 'll , uh  You know , he 's  he 'll  he 'll be talking with everybody in this room So.

But you said you won't  you won't be here next Thursday ?


So , uh  Um. I 'll , uh  You know , he 's  he 'll  he 'll be talking with everybody in this room So.

But you said you won't  you won't be here next Thursday ?

Not Thursday and Friday. Yeah. Cuz I will be at faculty retreat.


But you said you won't  you won't be here next Thursday ?

Not Thursday and Friday. Yeah. Cuz I will be at faculty retreat.

So. I 'll try to  connect with him and people as  as I can on  on Wednesday. But  Um. Oh , how 'd taxes go ? Taxes go OK ?


Not Thursday and Friday. Yeah. Cuz I will be at faculty retreat.

So. I 'll try to  connect with him and people as  as I can on  on Wednesday. But  Um. Oh , how 'd taxes go ? Taxes go OK ?


So. I 'll try to  connect with him and people as  as I can on  on Wednesday. But  Um. Oh , how 'd taxes go ? Taxes go OK ?

Yeah. Oh , good. Yeah. Yeah. That 's just  that 's  that 's one of the big advantages of not making much money is  the taxes are easier. Yeah.


So. I 'll try to  connect with him and people as  as I can on  on Wednesday. But  Um. Oh , how 'd taxes go ? Taxes go OK ?

Yeah. Oh , good. Yeah. Yeah. That 's just  that 's  that 's one of the big advantages of not making much money is  the taxes are easier. Yeah.

Unless you 're getting money in two countries.


Yeah. Oh , good. Yeah. Yeah. That 's just  that 's  that 's one of the big advantages of not making much money is  the taxes are easier. Yeah.

Unless you 're getting money in two countries.


Unless you 're getting money in two countries.


Yeah. Yeah. Huh. Canada w Canada wants a cut ?


Yeah. Yeah. Huh. Canada w Canada wants a cut ?

Have to do  So you  you have to do two returns ?


Yeah. Yeah. Huh. Canada w Canada wants a cut ?

Have to do  So you  you have to do two returns ?

Mmm. W uh , for two thousand I did. Yeah.


Have to do  So you  you have to do two returns ?

Mmm. W uh , for two thousand I did. Yeah.

Oh , oh. Yeah. For tw That 's right , ju


Mmm. W uh , for two thousand I did. Yeah.

Oh , oh. Yeah. For tw That 's right , ju

Two thousand. Yeah. Probably not this next year , I guess.


Oh , oh. Yeah. For tw That 's right , ju

Two thousand. Yeah. Probably not this next year , I guess.


Two thousand. Yeah. Probably not this next year , I guess.


Uh , I 'll  I 'll still have a bit of Canadian income but it 'll be less complicated because I will not be a  considered a resident of Canada anymore , so I won't have to declare my American income on my Canadian return.


Uh , I 'll  I 'll still have a bit of Canadian income but it 'll be less complicated because I will not be a  considered a resident of Canada anymore , so I won't have to declare my American income on my Canadian return.

OK. Alright. Uh. Barry , do you wanna  say something about your stuff here ?


Uh , I 'll  I 'll still have a bit of Canadian income but it 'll be less complicated because I will not be a  considered a resident of Canada anymore , so I won't have to declare my American income on my Canadian return.

OK. Alright. Uh. Barry , do you wanna  say something about your stuff here ?

Oh , um. Right. I  just , um , continuing looking at , uh , ph uh , phonetic events , and , uh , this Tuesday gonna be , uh , meeting with John Ohala with Chuck to talk some more about these , uh , ph um , phonetic events. Um , came up with , uh , a plan of attack , uh , gonna execute , and um  Yeah. It 's  that 's pretty much it.


Uh , I 'll  I 'll still have a bit of Canadian income but it 'll be less complicated because I will not be a  considered a resident of Canada anymore , so I won't have to declare my American income on my Canadian return.

OK. Alright. Uh. Barry , do you wanna  say something about your stuff here ?

Oh , um. Right. I  just , um , continuing looking at , uh , ph uh , phonetic events , and , uh , this Tuesday gonna be , uh , meeting with John Ohala with Chuck to talk some more about these , uh , ph um , phonetic events. Um , came up with , uh , a plan of attack , uh , gonna execute , and um  Yeah. It 's  that 's pretty much it.

Oh , well. No Um , why don't you say something about what it is ?


OK. Alright. Uh. Barry , do you wanna  say something about your stuff here ?

Oh , um. Right. I  just , um , continuing looking at , uh , ph uh , phonetic events , and , uh , this Tuesday gonna be , uh , meeting with John Ohala with Chuck to talk some more about these , uh , ph um , phonetic events. Um , came up with , uh , a plan of attack , uh , gonna execute , and um  Yeah. It 's  that 's pretty much it.

Oh , well. No Um , why don't you say something about what it is ?

Oh , you  oh , you want  you want details. Hmm. OK.


Oh , um. Right. I  just , um , continuing looking at , uh , ph uh , phonetic events , and , uh , this Tuesday gonna be , uh , meeting with John Ohala with Chuck to talk some more about these , uh , ph um , phonetic events. Um , came up with , uh , a plan of attack , uh , gonna execute , and um  Yeah. It 's  that 's pretty much it.

Oh , well. No Um , why don't you say something about what it is ?

Oh , you  oh , you want  you want details. Hmm. OK.

Well , we 're all gathered here together. I thought we 'd , you know


Oh , well. No Um , why don't you say something about what it is ?

Oh , you  oh , you want  you want details. Hmm. OK.

Well , we 're all gathered here together. I thought we 'd , you know

I was hoping I could wave my hands. Um. So , um. So , once wa I  I was thinking getting  getting us a set of acoustic events to  um , to be able to distinguish between , uh , phones and words and stuff. And  um , once we  we would figure out a set of these events that can be , you know , um , hand - labeled or  or derived , uh , from h the hand - labeled phone targets. Um , we could take these events and , um ,  do some cheating experiments , um , where we feed , um , these events into  an SRI system , um , eh , and evaluate its performance on a Switchboard task. Uh , yeah.


Oh , you  oh , you want  you want details. Hmm. OK.

Well , we 're all gathered here together. I thought we 'd , you know

I was hoping I could wave my hands. Um. So , um. So , once wa I  I was thinking getting  getting us a set of acoustic events to  um , to be able to distinguish between , uh , phones and words and stuff. And  um , once we  we would figure out a set of these events that can be , you know , um , hand - labeled or  or derived , uh , from h the hand - labeled phone targets. Um , we could take these events and , um ,  do some cheating experiments , um , where we feed , um , these events into  an SRI system , um , eh , and evaluate its performance on a Switchboard task. Uh , yeah.

Hey , Barry ? Can you give an example of an event ?


Well , we 're all gathered here together. I thought we 'd , you know

I was hoping I could wave my hands. Um. So , um. So , once wa I  I was thinking getting  getting us a set of acoustic events to  um , to be able to distinguish between , uh , phones and words and stuff. And  um , once we  we would figure out a set of these events that can be , you know , um , hand - labeled or  or derived , uh , from h the hand - labeled phone targets. Um , we could take these events and , um ,  do some cheating experiments , um , where we feed , um , these events into  an SRI system , um , eh , and evaluate its performance on a Switchboard task. Uh , yeah.

Hey , Barry ? Can you give an example of an event ?

Yeah. Sure. Um , I  I can give you an example of  twenty - odd events. Um  So , he In this paper , um , it 's talking about phoneme recognition using acoustic events. So , things like frication or , uh , nasality.


I was hoping I could wave my hands. Um. So , um. So , once wa I  I was thinking getting  getting us a set of acoustic events to  um , to be able to distinguish between , uh , phones and words and stuff. And  um , once we  we would figure out a set of these events that can be , you know , um , hand - labeled or  or derived , uh , from h the hand - labeled phone targets. Um , we could take these events and , um ,  do some cheating experiments , um , where we feed , um , these events into  an SRI system , um , eh , and evaluate its performance on a Switchboard task. Uh , yeah.

Hey , Barry ? Can you give an example of an event ?

Yeah. Sure. Um , I  I can give you an example of  twenty - odd events. Um  So , he In this paper , um , it 's talking about phoneme recognition using acoustic events. So , things like frication or , uh , nasality.


Hey , Barry ? Can you give an example of an event ?

Yeah. Sure. Um , I  I can give you an example of  twenty - odd events. Um  So , he In this paper , um , it 's talking about phoneme recognition using acoustic events. So , things like frication or , uh , nasality.

Um , this is a paper by Hubener and Cardson  Benson  Bernds - Berndsen.


Yeah. Sure. Um , I  I can give you an example of  twenty - odd events. Um  So , he In this paper , um , it 's talking about phoneme recognition using acoustic events. So , things like frication or , uh , nasality.

Um , this is a paper by Hubener and Cardson  Benson  Bernds - Berndsen.

Yeah. Huh. From , uh , University of Hamburg and Bielefeld.


Um , this is a paper by Hubener and Cardson  Benson  Bernds - Berndsen.

Yeah. Huh. From , uh , University of Hamburg and Bielefeld.


Yeah. Huh. From , uh , University of Hamburg and Bielefeld.


Yeah. I think the  just to expand a little bit on the idea of acoustic event.


Yeah. I think the  just to expand a little bit on the idea of acoustic event.

There 's , um  in my mind , anyways , there 's a difference between , um , acoustic features and acoustic events. And I think of acoustic features as being , um , things that linguists talk about , like , um


There 's , um  in my mind , anyways , there 's a difference between , um , acoustic features and acoustic events. And I think of acoustic features as being , um , things that linguists talk about , like , um

Stuff that 's not based on data , necessarily.


Stuff that 's not based on data , necessarily.

Right. That 's not based on , you know , acoustic data. So they talk about features for phones , like , uh , its height ,


Right. That 's not based on , you know , acoustic data. So they talk about features for phones , like , uh , its height ,

its tenseness , laxness , things like that ,


its tenseness , laxness , things like that ,

which may or may not be all that easy to measure in the acoustic signal. Versus an acoustic event , which is just  some  something in the acoustic signal  that is fairly easy to measure. Um. So it 's , um  it 's a little different , in  at least in my mind.


its tenseness , laxness , things like that ,

which may or may not be all that easy to measure in the acoustic signal. Versus an acoustic event , which is just  some  something in the acoustic signal  that is fairly easy to measure. Um. So it 's , um  it 's a little different , in  at least in my mind.

I mean , when we did the SPAM work  I mean , there we had  we had this notion of an , uh , auditory  @ @  auditory event.


which may or may not be all that easy to measure in the acoustic signal. Versus an acoustic event , which is just  some  something in the acoustic signal  that is fairly easy to measure. Um. So it 's , um  it 's a little different , in  at least in my mind.

I mean , when we did the SPAM work  I mean , there we had  we had this notion of an , uh , auditory  @ @  auditory event.


which may or may not be all that easy to measure in the acoustic signal. Versus an acoustic event , which is just  some  something in the acoustic signal  that is fairly easy to measure. Um. So it 's , um  it 's a little different , in  at least in my mind.

I mean , when we did the SPAM work  I mean , there we had  we had this notion of an , uh , auditory  @ @  auditory event.

And , uh , um , called them " avents " , uh , uh , uh , with an A at the front.


I mean , when we did the SPAM work  I mean , there we had  we had this notion of an , uh , auditory  @ @  auditory event.

And , uh , um , called them " avents " , uh , uh , uh , with an A at the front.


And , uh , um , called them " avents " , uh , uh , uh , with an A at the front.

Uh. And the  the  the idea was something that occurred that is important to a bunch of neurons somewhere. So.


Uh. And the  the  the idea was something that occurred that is important to a bunch of neurons somewhere. So.

Um. A sudden change or a relatively rapid change in some spectral characteristic will  will do sort of this. I mean , there 's certainly a bunch of  a bunch of places where you know that neurons are gonna fire because something novel has happened. That was  that was the main thing that we were focusing on there. But there 's certainly other things beyond what we talked about there that aren't just sort of rapid changes , but


Uh. And the  the  the idea was something that occurred that is important to a bunch of neurons somewhere. So.

Um. A sudden change or a relatively rapid change in some spectral characteristic will  will do sort of this. I mean , there 's certainly a bunch of  a bunch of places where you know that neurons are gonna fire because something novel has happened. That was  that was the main thing that we were focusing on there. But there 's certainly other things beyond what we talked about there that aren't just sort of rapid changes , but

It 's kinda like the difference between top - down and bottom - up.


Um. A sudden change or a relatively rapid change in some spectral characteristic will  will do sort of this. I mean , there 's certainly a bunch of  a bunch of places where you know that neurons are gonna fire because something novel has happened. That was  that was the main thing that we were focusing on there. But there 's certainly other things beyond what we talked about there that aren't just sort of rapid changes , but

It 's kinda like the difference between top - down and bottom - up.


Um. A sudden change or a relatively rapid change in some spectral characteristic will  will do sort of this. I mean , there 's certainly a bunch of  a bunch of places where you know that neurons are gonna fire because something novel has happened. That was  that was the main thing that we were focusing on there. But there 's certainly other things beyond what we talked about there that aren't just sort of rapid changes , but

It 's kinda like the difference between top - down and bottom - up.

I think of the acoustic  you know , phonetic features as being top - down. You know , you look at the phone and you say this phone is supposed to be  you know , have this feature , this feature , and this feature. Whether tha those features show up in the acoustic signal is sort of irrelevant. Whereas , an acoustic event goes the other way. Here 's the signal. Here 's some event.


It 's kinda like the difference between top - down and bottom - up.

I think of the acoustic  you know , phonetic features as being top - down. You know , you look at the phone and you say this phone is supposed to be  you know , have this feature , this feature , and this feature. Whether tha those features show up in the acoustic signal is sort of irrelevant. Whereas , an acoustic event goes the other way. Here 's the signal. Here 's some event.


I think of the acoustic  you know , phonetic features as being top - down. You know , you look at the phone and you say this phone is supposed to be  you know , have this feature , this feature , and this feature. Whether tha those features show up in the acoustic signal is sort of irrelevant. Whereas , an acoustic event goes the other way. Here 's the signal. Here 's some event.

What  ? And then that  you know , that may map to this phone sometimes , and sometimes it may not. It just depen maybe depends on the context , things like that.


What  ? And then that  you know , that may map to this phone sometimes , and sometimes it may not. It just depen maybe depends on the context , things like that.

And so it 's sort of a different way of looking.


And so it 's sort of a different way of looking.


Mm - hmm. Um  Using these  these events , um , you know , we can  we can perform these  these , uh , cheating experiments. See how  how  how good they are , um , in , um  in terms of phoneme recognition or word recognition. And , um  and then from that point on , I would , uh , s design robust event detectors , um , in a similar , um , wa spirit that Saul has done w uh , with his graphical models , and this  this probabilistic AND - OR model that he uses. Um , eh , try to extend it to , um  to account for other  other phenomena like , um , CMR co - modulation release. And , um  and maybe also investigate ways to  to modify the structure of these models , um , in a data - driven way , uh , similar to the way that , uh , Jeff  Jeff , uh , Bilmes did his work. Um , and while I 'm  I 'm doing these , um , event detectors , you know , I can ma mea measure my progress by comparing , um , the error rates in clean and noisy conditions to something like , uh , neural nets. Um , and  So  so , once we have these  these , uh , event detectors , um , we could put them together and  and feed the outputs of the event detectors into  into the SRI , um , HMM  HMM system , and , um  and test it on  on Switchboard or , um , maybe even Aurora stuff. And , that 's pretty much the  the big picture of  of um , the plan.


Mm - hmm. Um  Using these  these events , um , you know , we can  we can perform these  these , uh , cheating experiments. See how  how  how good they are , um , in , um  in terms of phoneme recognition or word recognition. And , um  and then from that point on , I would , uh , s design robust event detectors , um , in a similar , um , wa spirit that Saul has done w uh , with his graphical models , and this  this probabilistic AND - OR model that he uses. Um , eh , try to extend it to , um  to account for other  other phenomena like , um , CMR co - modulation release. And , um  and maybe also investigate ways to  to modify the structure of these models , um , in a data - driven way , uh , similar to the way that , uh , Jeff  Jeff , uh , Bilmes did his work. Um , and while I 'm  I 'm doing these , um , event detectors , you know , I can ma mea measure my progress by comparing , um , the error rates in clean and noisy conditions to something like , uh , neural nets. Um , and  So  so , once we have these  these , uh , event detectors , um , we could put them together and  and feed the outputs of the event detectors into  into the SRI , um , HMM  HMM system , and , um  and test it on  on Switchboard or , um , maybe even Aurora stuff. And , that 's pretty much the  the big picture of  of um , the plan.

By the way , um , there 's , uh , a couple people who are gonna be here  I forget if I already told you this , but , a couple people who are gonna be here for six months.


Mm - hmm. Um  Using these  these events , um , you know , we can  we can perform these  these , uh , cheating experiments. See how  how  how good they are , um , in , um  in terms of phoneme recognition or word recognition. And , um  and then from that point on , I would , uh , s design robust event detectors , um , in a similar , um , wa spirit that Saul has done w uh , with his graphical models , and this  this probabilistic AND - OR model that he uses. Um , eh , try to extend it to , um  to account for other  other phenomena like , um , CMR co - modulation release. And , um  and maybe also investigate ways to  to modify the structure of these models , um , in a data - driven way , uh , similar to the way that , uh , Jeff  Jeff , uh , Bilmes did his work. Um , and while I 'm  I 'm doing these , um , event detectors , you know , I can ma mea measure my progress by comparing , um , the error rates in clean and noisy conditions to something like , uh , neural nets. Um , and  So  so , once we have these  these , uh , event detectors , um , we could put them together and  and feed the outputs of the event detectors into  into the SRI , um , HMM  HMM system , and , um  and test it on  on Switchboard or , um , maybe even Aurora stuff. And , that 's pretty much the  the big picture of  of um , the plan.

By the way , um , there 's , uh , a couple people who are gonna be here  I forget if I already told you this , but , a couple people who are gonna be here for six months.

Uh  uh , there 's a Professor Kollmeier , uh , from Germany who 's , uh , uh , quite big in the , uh , hearing - aid signal - processing area and , um , Michael Kleinschmidt , who 's worked with him , who also looks at  auditory properties inspired by various , uh , brain function things.


By the way , um , there 's , uh , a couple people who are gonna be here  I forget if I already told you this , but , a couple people who are gonna be here for six months.

Uh  uh , there 's a Professor Kollmeier , uh , from Germany who 's , uh , uh , quite big in the , uh , hearing - aid signal - processing area and , um , Michael Kleinschmidt , who 's worked with him , who also looks at  auditory properties inspired by various , uh , brain function things.


Uh  uh , there 's a Professor Kollmeier , uh , from Germany who 's , uh , uh , quite big in the , uh , hearing - aid signal - processing area and , um , Michael Kleinschmidt , who 's worked with him , who also looks at  auditory properties inspired by various , uh , brain function things.

So , um , um , I think they 'll be interesting to talk to , in this sort of issue as these detectors are  are , uh , developing.


So , um , um , I think they 'll be interesting to talk to , in this sort of issue as these detectors are  are , uh , developing.

So , he looks at interesting  interesting things in  in the   different ways of looking at spectra in order to  to get various speech properties out. So.


So , he looks at interesting  interesting things in  in the   different ways of looking at spectra in order to  to get various speech properties out. So.

OK. Well , short meeting , but that 's OK. And , uh , we might as well do our digits. And like I say , I  I encourage you to go ahead and meet , uh , next week with , uh , uh , Hynek. Alright , I 'll  I 'll start. It 's , uh , one thirty - five. seventeen OK


And we already got the crash out of the way. It did crash , so I feel much better , earlier.


I did collect an agenda. So I 'm gonna go first. Mwa - ha - ha ! It shouldn't take too long.


I did collect an agenda. So I 'm gonna go first. Mwa - ha - ha ! It shouldn't take too long.

Um , so we 're pretty much out of digits. We 've gone once through the set. Um , so the only thing I have to do


Um , so we 're pretty much out of digits. We 've gone once through the set. Um , so the only thing I have to do

Yeah , that 's right. so I  I just have to go through them


Yeah , that 's right. so I  I just have to go through them

and uh pick out the ones that have problems , and either correct them or have them re - read. So we probably have like four or five more forms to be read , to be once through the set. I 've also extracted out about an hour 's worth. We have about two hours worth. I extracted out about an hour 's worth which are the f digits with  for which whose speaker have speaker forms , have filled out speaker forms. Not everyone 's filled out a speaker form. So I extracted one for speakers who have speaker forms and for meetings in which the " key " file and the transcript files are parsable. Some of the early key files , it looks like , were done by hand , and so they 're not automatically parsable and I have to go back and fix those. So what that means is we have about an hour of transcribed digits that we can play with. Um , Liz


Yeah , that 's right. so I  I just have to go through them

and uh pick out the ones that have problems , and either correct them or have them re - read. So we probably have like four or five more forms to be read , to be once through the set. I 've also extracted out about an hour 's worth. We have about two hours worth. I extracted out about an hour 's worth which are the f digits with  for which whose speaker have speaker forms , have filled out speaker forms. Not everyone 's filled out a speaker form. So I extracted one for speakers who have speaker forms and for meetings in which the " key " file and the transcript files are parsable. Some of the early key files , it looks like , were done by hand , and so they 're not automatically parsable and I have to go back and fix those. So what that means is we have about an hour of transcribed digits that we can play with. Um , Liz

So you think two  you think two hours is the  is the total that we have ?


and uh pick out the ones that have problems , and either correct them or have them re - read. So we probably have like four or five more forms to be read , to be once through the set. I 've also extracted out about an hour 's worth. We have about two hours worth. I extracted out about an hour 's worth which are the f digits with  for which whose speaker have speaker forms , have filled out speaker forms. Not everyone 's filled out a speaker form. So I extracted one for speakers who have speaker forms and for meetings in which the " key " file and the transcript files are parsable. Some of the early key files , it looks like , were done by hand , and so they 're not automatically parsable and I have to go back and fix those. So what that means is we have about an hour of transcribed digits that we can play with. Um , Liz

So you think two  you think two hours is the  is the total that we have ?


and uh pick out the ones that have problems , and either correct them or have them re - read. So we probably have like four or five more forms to be read , to be once through the set. I 've also extracted out about an hour 's worth. We have about two hours worth. I extracted out about an hour 's worth which are the f digits with  for which whose speaker have speaker forms , have filled out speaker forms. Not everyone 's filled out a speaker form. So I extracted one for speakers who have speaker forms and for meetings in which the " key " file and the transcript files are parsable. Some of the early key files , it looks like , were done by hand , and so they 're not automatically parsable and I have to go back and fix those. So what that means is we have about an hour of transcribed digits that we can play with. Um , Liz

So you think two  you think two hours is the  is the total that we have ?

And you think we th uh , I  I didn't quite catch all these different things that are not quite right , but you think we 'll be able to retrieve the other hour , reasonably ?


So you think two  you think two hours is the  is the total that we have ?

And you think we th uh , I  I didn't quite catch all these different things that are not quite right , but you think we 'll be able to retrieve the other hour , reasonably ?


And you think we th uh , I  I didn't quite catch all these different things that are not quite right , but you think we 'll be able to retrieve the other hour , reasonably ?


And you think we th uh , I  I didn't quite catch all these different things that are not quite right , but you think we 'll be able to retrieve the other hour , reasonably ?

So it 's just a question of a little hand - editing of some files and then waiting for more people to turn in their speaker forms. I have this web - based speaker form , and I sent mail to everyone who hadn't filled out a speaker form , and they 're slowly s trickling in.


So it 's just a question of a little hand - editing of some files and then waiting for more people to turn in their speaker forms. I have this web - based speaker form , and I sent mail to everyone who hadn't filled out a speaker form , and they 're slowly s trickling in.

So the relevance of the speaker form here , s


So it 's just a question of a little hand - editing of some files and then waiting for more people to turn in their speaker forms. I have this web - based speaker form , and I sent mail to everyone who hadn't filled out a speaker form , and they 're slowly s trickling in.

So the relevance of the speaker form here , s

It 's for labeling the extracted audio files.


So the relevance of the speaker form here , s

It 's for labeling the extracted audio files.


It 's for labeling the extracted audio files.

Wasn't like whether they were giving us permission to use their digits or something.


Wasn't like whether they were giving us permission to use their digits or something.

No , I spoke with Jane about that and we sort of decided that it 's probably not an issue that  We edit out any of the errors anyway. Right ? So the there are no errors in the digits ,


Wasn't like whether they were giving us permission to use their digits or something.

No , I spoke with Jane about that and we sort of decided that it 's probably not an issue that  We edit out any of the errors anyway. Right ? So the there are no errors in the digits ,

you 'll always read the string correctly. So I can't imagine why anyone would care. So the other topic with digits is uh , Liz would like to elicit different prosodics , and so we tried last week with them written out in English. And it just didn't work at all because no one grouped them together. So it just sounded like many many more lines instead of anything else. So in conversations with Liz and uh Jane we decided that if you wrote them out as numbers instead of words it would elicit more phone number , social security number - like readings. The problem with that is it becomes numbers instead of digits. When I look at this , that first line is " sixty one , sixty two , eighteen , eighty six , ten. " Um , and so the question is does anyone care ? Um , I 've already spoken with Liz and she feels that , correct me if I 'm wrong , that for her , connected numbers is fine ,


No , I spoke with Jane about that and we sort of decided that it 's probably not an issue that  We edit out any of the errors anyway. Right ? So the there are no errors in the digits ,

you 'll always read the string correctly. So I can't imagine why anyone would care. So the other topic with digits is uh , Liz would like to elicit different prosodics , and so we tried last week with them written out in English. And it just didn't work at all because no one grouped them together. So it just sounded like many many more lines instead of anything else. So in conversations with Liz and uh Jane we decided that if you wrote them out as numbers instead of words it would elicit more phone number , social security number - like readings. The problem with that is it becomes numbers instead of digits. When I look at this , that first line is " sixty one , sixty two , eighteen , eighty six , ten. " Um , and so the question is does anyone care ? Um , I 've already spoken with Liz and she feels that , correct me if I 'm wrong , that for her , connected numbers is fine ,


you 'll always read the string correctly. So I can't imagine why anyone would care. So the other topic with digits is uh , Liz would like to elicit different prosodics , and so we tried last week with them written out in English. And it just didn't work at all because no one grouped them together. So it just sounded like many many more lines instead of anything else. So in conversations with Liz and uh Jane we decided that if you wrote them out as numbers instead of words it would elicit more phone number , social security number - like readings. The problem with that is it becomes numbers instead of digits. When I look at this , that first line is " sixty one , sixty two , eighteen , eighty six , ten. " Um , and so the question is does anyone care ? Um , I 've already spoken with Liz and she feels that , correct me if I 'm wrong , that for her , connected numbers is fine ,

as opposed to connected digits. Um , I think two hours is probably fine for a test set , but it may be a little short if we actually wanna do training and adaptation and all that other stuff.


you 'll always read the string correctly. So I can't imagine why anyone would care. So the other topic with digits is uh , Liz would like to elicit different prosodics , and so we tried last week with them written out in English. And it just didn't work at all because no one grouped them together. So it just sounded like many many more lines instead of anything else. So in conversations with Liz and uh Jane we decided that if you wrote them out as numbers instead of words it would elicit more phone number , social security number - like readings. The problem with that is it becomes numbers instead of digits. When I look at this , that first line is " sixty one , sixty two , eighteen , eighty six , ten. " Um , and so the question is does anyone care ? Um , I 've already spoken with Liz and she feels that , correct me if I 'm wrong , that for her , connected numbers is fine ,

as opposed to connected digits. Um , I think two hours is probably fine for a test set , but it may be a little short if we actually wanna do training and adaptation and all that other stuff.

Yeah Um , do um you want different prosodics , so if you always had the same groupings you wouldn't like that ? Is that correct ?


as opposed to connected digits. Um , I think two hours is probably fine for a test set , but it may be a little short if we actually wanna do training and adaptation and all that other stuff.

Yeah Um , do um you want different prosodics , so if you always had the same groupings you wouldn't like that ? Is that correct ?


Yeah Um , do um you want different prosodics , so if you always had the same groupings you wouldn't like that ? Is that correct ?

the  the groupings are randomly generated.


the  the groupings are randomly generated.

No but , I was asking if that was something you really cared about because if it wasn't , it seems to me if you made it really specifically telephone groupings that maybe people wouldn't , uh , go and do numbers so much. You know if it if it 's


No but , I was asking if that was something you really cared about because if it wasn't , it seems to me if you made it really specifically telephone groupings that maybe people wouldn't , uh , go and do numbers so much. You know if it if it 's

Maybe some , but I probably not so much.


Maybe some , but I probably not so much.

What about putting a hyphen between the numbers in the group ?


What about putting a hyphen between the numbers in the group ?


if you go six six six uh dash uh two nine three one.


if you go six six six uh dash uh two nine three one.

I  well OK  I  it might help , I would like to g get away from having only one specific grouping.


I  well OK  I  it might help , I would like to g get away from having only one specific grouping.


but I mean it seems to me that , at least for us , we can learn to read them as digits


don't think that 'd be that hard to read them as single digits.


don't think that 'd be that hard to read them as single digits.

Um , and it seems like that might be better for you guys since then you 'll have just more digit data ,


Um , and it seems like that might be better for you guys since then you 'll have just more digit data ,


It 's a little bit better for me too because the digits are easier to recognize. They 're better trained than the numbers.


It 's a little bit better for me too because the digits are easier to recognize. They 're better trained than the numbers.

So we could just , uh , put in the instructions " read them as digits ".


It 's a little bit better for me too because the digits are easier to recognize. They 're better trained than the numbers.

So we could just , uh , put in the instructions " read them as digits ".

Right. Right , read them as single digits , so sixty - one w is read as six one ,


So we could just , uh , put in the instructions " read them as digits ".

Right. Right , read them as single digits , so sixty - one w is read as six one ,


Right. Right , read them as single digits , so sixty - one w is read as six one ,


I mean , the other thing is we could just bag it because it 's  it 's  it 's - I 'm not worrying about it I mean , because we do have digits training data that we have from uh from OGI. I 'm sorry , digits  numbers training that we have from OGI , we 've done lots and lots of studies with that. And um.


I mean , the other thing is we could just bag it because it 's  it 's  it 's - I 'm not worrying about it I mean , because we do have digits training data that we have from uh from OGI. I 'm sorry , digits  numbers training that we have from OGI , we 've done lots and lots of studies with that. And um.

But it 's nice to get it in this room with the acous


But it 's nice to get it in this room with the acous

No , no , I guess what I 'm saying is that


No , no , I guess what I 'm saying is that


No , no , I guess what I 'm saying is that

to some extent maybe we could just read them  have them read how  how they read it and it just means that we have to expand our  our vocabulary out to stuff that we already have.


No , no , I guess what I 'm saying is that

to some extent maybe we could just read them  have them read how  how they read it and it just means that we have to expand our  our vocabulary out to stuff that we already have.

Right. Well that 's fine with me as long as  It 's just that I didn't want to cause the people who would have been collecting digits the other way to not have the digits.


to some extent maybe we could just read them  have them read how  how they read it and it just means that we have to expand our  our vocabulary out to stuff that we already have.

Right. Well that 's fine with me as long as  It 's just that I didn't want to cause the people who would have been collecting digits the other way to not have the digits.

Yeah. We can go back to the other thing later.


Right. Well that 's fine with me as long as  It 's just that I didn't want to cause the people who would have been collecting digits the other way to not have the digits.

Yeah. We can go back to the other thing later.

I mean we s we  we 've  We can do this for awhile


Yeah. We can go back to the other thing later.

I mean we s we  we 've  We can do this for awhile


I mean we s we  we 've  We can do this for awhile

and then go back to digits for awhile , or um. Do yo I mean , do you want  do you want this  Do you need training data or adaptation data out of this ?


and then go back to digits for awhile , or um. Do yo I mean , do you want  do you want this  Do you need training data or adaptation data out of this ?

How much of this do you need ? with uh the


and then go back to digits for awhile , or um. Do yo I mean , do you want  do you want this  Do you need training data or adaptation data out of this ?

How much of this do you need ? with uh the

It 's actually unclear right now. I just thought well we 're  if we 're collec collecting digits , and Adam had said we were running out of the TI forms , I thought it 'd be nice to have them in groups , and probably , all else being equal , it 'd be better for me to just have single digits


How much of this do you need ? with uh the

It 's actually unclear right now. I just thought well we 're  if we 're collec collecting digits , and Adam had said we were running out of the TI forms , I thought it 'd be nice to have them in groups , and probably , all else being equal , it 'd be better for me to just have single digits


How much of this do you need ? with uh the

It 's actually unclear right now. I just thought well we 're  if we 're collec collecting digits , and Adam had said we were running out of the TI forms , I thought it 'd be nice to have them in groups , and probably , all else being equal , it 'd be better for me to just have single digits

since it 's , you know , a recognizer 's gonna do better on those anyway , um , and it 's more predictable. So we can know from the transcript what the person said and the transcriber , in general.


It 's actually unclear right now. I just thought well we 're  if we 're collec collecting digits , and Adam had said we were running out of the TI forms , I thought it 'd be nice to have them in groups , and probably , all else being equal , it 'd be better for me to just have single digits

since it 's , you know , a recognizer 's gonna do better on those anyway , um , and it 's more predictable. So we can know from the transcript what the person said and the transcriber , in general.


since it 's , you know , a recognizer 's gonna do better on those anyway , um , and it 's more predictable. So we can know from the transcript what the person said and the transcriber , in general.

But if they make mistakes , it 's no big deal if the people say a hundred instead of " one OO ". and also w maybe we can just let them choose " zero " versus " O " as they  as they like because even the same person c sometimes says " O " and sometimes says " zero " in different context ,


But if they make mistakes , it 's no big deal if the people say a hundred instead of " one OO ". and also w maybe we can just let them choose " zero " versus " O " as they  as they like because even the same person c sometimes says " O " and sometimes says " zero " in different context ,

and that 's sort of interesting. So I don't have a Specific need cuz if I did I 'd probably try to collect it , you know , without bothering this group , but If we can try it


But if they make mistakes , it 's no big deal if the people say a hundred instead of " one OO ". and also w maybe we can just let them choose " zero " versus " O " as they  as they like because even the same person c sometimes says " O " and sometimes says " zero " in different context ,

and that 's sort of interesting. So I don't have a Specific need cuz if I did I 'd probably try to collect it , you know , without bothering this group , but If we can try it

OK so  so I can just add to the instructions to read it as digits not as connected numbers.


and that 's sort of interesting. So I don't have a Specific need cuz if I did I 'd probably try to collect it , you know , without bothering this group , but If we can try it

OK so  so I can just add to the instructions to read it as digits not as connected numbers.


and that 's sort of interesting. So I don't have a Specific need cuz if I did I 'd probably try to collect it , you know , without bothering this group , but If we can try it

OK so  so I can just add to the instructions to read it as digits not as connected numbers.

Right , and you can give an example like , you know , " six  sixty - one would be read as six one ".


OK so  so I can just add to the instructions to read it as digits not as connected numbers.

Right , and you can give an example like , you know , " six  sixty - one would be read as six one ".


Right , and you can give an example like , you know , " six  sixty - one would be read as six one ".

Mm - hmm. And i actually it 's no more artificial than what we 've been doing with words.


Mm - hmm. And i actually it 's no more artificial than what we 've been doing with words.

I 'm sure people can adapt to this , read it single.


I 'm sure people can adapt to this , read it single.

The spaces already bias it toward being separated.


The spaces already bias it toward being separated.

And I know I 'm gonna find this easier than words.


And I know I 'm gonna find this easier than words.

Oh yeah , absolutely , cognitively it 's much easier.


And I know I 'm gonna find this easier than words.

Oh yeah , absolutely , cognitively it 's much easier.

OK I also had a hard  hard time with the words ,


Oh yeah , absolutely , cognitively it 's much easier.

OK I also had a hard  hard time with the words ,


Oh yeah , absolutely , cognitively it 's much easier.

OK I also had a hard  hard time with the words ,

but then we went back and forth on that. OK , so let 's give that a try


OK I also had a hard  hard time with the words ,

but then we went back and forth on that. OK , so let 's give that a try

OK. And is the spacing alright or do you think there should be more space between digits and groups ?


but then we went back and forth on that. OK , so let 's give that a try

OK. And is the spacing alright or do you think there should be more space between digits and groups ?


OK. And is the spacing alright or do you think there should be more space between digits and groups ?


I mean what do other people think cuz you guys are reading  them.


I mean what do other people think cuz you guys are reading  them.

I it  it  to me it looks like you 've got the func the idea of grouping and you have the grou the idea of separation


I it  it  to me it looks like you 've got the func the idea of grouping and you have the grou the idea of separation


I it  it  to me it looks like you 've got the func the idea of grouping and you have the grou the idea of separation

and , you know , it 's just a matter of u i the instructions , that 's all.


and , you know , it 's just a matter of u i the instructions , that 's all.

And I think there are about ten different gouping patterns


And I think there are about ten different gouping patterns


Righ - right , and you just  they 're randomly  generated and randomly assigned to digits.


Sorry , I  I was just gonna say , so we have in the vicinity of forty hours of  of recordings now. And you 're saying two hours , uh , is digits , so that 's roughly the ratio then ,


Sorry , I  I was just gonna say , so we have in the vicinity of forty hours of  of recordings now. And you 're saying two hours , uh , is digits , so that 's roughly the ratio then ,

something like twenty  twenty to one. Which I guess makes  makes sense. So if we did another forty hours of recordings then we could get another couple hours of this.


something like twenty  twenty to one. Which I guess makes  makes sense. So if we did another forty hours of recordings then we could get another couple hours of this.

Um , yeah like you say , I think a couple hours for a  for a  for a test  test set 's OK. It 'd be nice to get , you know , more later because we 'll  we might use  use this up , uh , in some sense ,


Um , yeah like you say , I think a couple hours for a  for a  for a test  test set 's OK. It 'd be nice to get , you know , more later because we 'll  we might use  use this up , uh , in some sense ,


Yeah , I also would like to argue for that cuz it  it seems to me that , um , there 's a real strength in having the same test replicated in  a whole bunch of times and adding to that basic test bank.


Yeah , I also would like to argue for that cuz it  it seems to me that , um , there 's a real strength in having the same test replicated in  a whole bunch of times and adding to that basic test bank.

Hmm ? Cuz then you have , you know , more and more , u chances to get away from random errors. And I think , um , the other thing too is that right now we have sort of a stratified sample with reference to dialect groups , and it might be  there might be an argument to be made for having uh f for replicating all of the digits that we 've done , which were done by non - native speakers so that we have a core that totally replicates the original data set , which is totally American speakers , and then we have these stratified additional language groups overlapping certain aspects of the database.


Yeah , I also would like to argue for that cuz it  it seems to me that , um , there 's a real strength in having the same test replicated in  a whole bunch of times and adding to that basic test bank.

Hmm ? Cuz then you have , you know , more and more , u chances to get away from random errors. And I think , um , the other thing too is that right now we have sort of a stratified sample with reference to dialect groups , and it might be  there might be an argument to be made for having uh f for replicating all of the digits that we 've done , which were done by non - native speakers so that we have a core that totally replicates the original data set , which is totally American speakers , and then we have these stratified additional language groups overlapping certain aspects of the database.

Right. I think that uh trying to duplicate , spending too much effort trying to duplicate the existing TI - digits probably isn't too worthwhile because the recording situation is so different.


Hmm ? Cuz then you have , you know , more and more , u chances to get away from random errors. And I think , um , the other thing too is that right now we have sort of a stratified sample with reference to dialect groups , and it might be  there might be an argument to be made for having uh f for replicating all of the digits that we 've done , which were done by non - native speakers so that we have a core that totally replicates the original data set , which is totally American speakers , and then we have these stratified additional language groups overlapping certain aspects of the database.

Right. I think that uh trying to duplicate , spending too much effort trying to duplicate the existing TI - digits probably isn't too worthwhile because the recording situation is so different.


Hmm ? Cuz then you have , you know , more and more , u chances to get away from random errors. And I think , um , the other thing too is that right now we have sort of a stratified sample with reference to dialect groups , and it might be  there might be an argument to be made for having uh f for replicating all of the digits that we 've done , which were done by non - native speakers so that we have a core that totally replicates the original data set , which is totally American speakers , and then we have these stratified additional language groups overlapping certain aspects of the database.

Right. I think that uh trying to duplicate , spending too much effort trying to duplicate the existing TI - digits probably isn't too worthwhile because the recording situation is so different.

It 's gonna be very hard to be comparable.


Right. I think that uh trying to duplicate , spending too much effort trying to duplicate the existing TI - digits probably isn't too worthwhile because the recording situation is so different.

It 's gonna be very hard to be comparable.

Except that if you have the stimuli  comparable , then it says something about the  the contribution of setting


It 's gonna be very hard to be comparable.

Except that if you have the stimuli  comparable , then it says something about the  the contribution of setting


Except that if you have the stimuli  comparable , then it says something about the  the contribution of setting

A little bit , but the other differences are so major.


A little bit , but the other differences are so major.


A little bit , but the other differences are so major.

They 're such major sources of variance that it 's  it 's  it 's uh


They 're such major sources of variance that it 's  it 's  it 's uh

What 's an example of a  of m some of the other differences ? Any other a difference ?


They 're such major sources of variance that it 's  it 's  it 's uh

What 's an example of a  of m some of the other differences ? Any other a difference ?

Well i i individual human glottis  is going to be different for each one ,


What 's an example of a  of m some of the other differences ? Any other a difference ?

Well i i individual human glottis  is going to be different for each one ,

you know , it 's just  There 's so many things.


Well i i individual human glottis  is going to be different for each one ,

you know , it 's just  There 's so many things.


you know , it 's just  There 's so many things.


I mean the uh the corpus itself. I mean , we 're collecting it in a read digit in a particular list , and I 'm sure that they 're doing more specific stuff. I mean if I remember correctly it was like postman reading zipcodes and things like that.


Yeah , I think the reading zipcode stuff you 're thinking of would be OGI.


Yeah , I think the reading zipcode stuff you 're thinking of would be OGI.

Yeah , no TI - digits was read in th in read in the studio I believe.


Yeah , I think the reading zipcode stuff you 're thinking of would be OGI.

Yeah , no TI - digits was read in th in read in the studio I believe.

I haven't ever listened to TI - digits. So I don't really know how it compares.


Yeah , no TI - digits was read in th in read in the studio I believe.

I haven't ever listened to TI - digits. So I don't really know how it compares.


Yeah , no TI - digits was read in th in read in the studio I believe.

I haven't ever listened to TI - digits. So I don't really know how it compares.

But  but regardless it 's gonna  it 's hard to compare cross - corpus.


I haven't ever listened to TI - digits. So I don't really know how it compares.

But  but regardless it 's gonna  it 's hard to compare cross - corpus.

But it  but  It - it 's different people  is the  is the core thing.


But  but regardless it 's gonna  it 's hard to compare cross - corpus.

But it  but  It - it 's different people  is the  is the core thing.


But it  but  It - it 's different people  is the  is the core thing.

And they 're different circumstances with different recording environment and so forth , so it 's  it 's  it 's really pretty different. But I think the idea of using a set thing was just to give you some sort of framework , so that even though you couldn't do exact comparisons , it wouldn't be s valid scientifically at least it 'd give you some kind of uh frame of reference. Uh , you know it 's not


And they 're different circumstances with different recording environment and so forth , so it 's  it 's  it 's really pretty different. But I think the idea of using a set thing was just to give you some sort of framework , so that even though you couldn't do exact comparisons , it wouldn't be s valid scientifically at least it 'd give you some kind of uh frame of reference. Uh , you know it 's not

Hey Liz , What  what do the groupings represent ?


And they 're different circumstances with different recording environment and so forth , so it 's  it 's  it 's really pretty different. But I think the idea of using a set thing was just to give you some sort of framework , so that even though you couldn't do exact comparisons , it wouldn't be s valid scientifically at least it 'd give you some kind of uh frame of reference. Uh , you know it 's not

Hey Liz , What  what do the groupings represent ?

You said there 's like ten different groupings ?


Hey Liz , What  what do the groupings represent ?

You said there 's like ten different groupings ?

Right , just groupings in terms of number of groups in a line , and number of digits in a group , and the pattern of groupings.


You said there 's like ten different groupings ?

Right , just groupings in terms of number of groups in a line , and number of digits in a group , and the pattern of groupings.

Mm - hmm. Are the patterns  like are they based on anything or


You said there 's like ten different groupings ?

Right , just groupings in terms of number of groups in a line , and number of digits in a group , and the pattern of groupings.

Mm - hmm. Are the patterns  like are they based on anything or

Um , I  I just roughly looked at what kinds of digit strings are out there , and they 're usually grouped into either two , three , or four , four digits at a time.


Right , just groupings in terms of number of groups in a line , and number of digits in a group , and the pattern of groupings.

Mm - hmm. Are the patterns  like are they based on anything or

Um , I  I just roughly looked at what kinds of digit strings are out there , and they 're usually grouped into either two , three , or four , four digits at a time.


Mm - hmm. Are the patterns  like are they based on anything or

Um , I  I just roughly looked at what kinds of digit strings are out there , and they 're usually grouped into either two , three , or four , four digits at a time.

And they can have , I mean , actually , things are getting longer and longer. In the old days you probably only had three sequences , and telephone numbers were less , and so forth. So , there 's between , um  Well if you look at it , there are between like three and five groups , and each one has between two and four groupings and  I purposely didn't want them to look like they were in any kind of pattern.


Um , I  I just roughly looked at what kinds of digit strings are out there , and they 're usually grouped into either two , three , or four , four digits at a time.

And they can have , I mean , actually , things are getting longer and longer. In the old days you probably only had three sequences , and telephone numbers were less , and so forth. So , there 's between , um  Well if you look at it , there are between like three and five groups , and each one has between two and four groupings and  I purposely didn't want them to look like they were in any kind of pattern.


And they can have , I mean , actually , things are getting longer and longer. In the old days you probably only had three sequences , and telephone numbers were less , and so forth. So , there 's between , um  Well if you look at it , there are between like three and five groups , and each one has between two and four groupings and  I purposely didn't want them to look like they were in any kind of pattern.


And they can have , I mean , actually , things are getting longer and longer. In the old days you probably only had three sequences , and telephone numbers were less , and so forth. So , there 's between , um  Well if you look at it , there are between like three and five groups , and each one has between two and four groupings and  I purposely didn't want them to look like they were in any kind of pattern.

And which group appears is picked randomly , and what the numbers are are picked randomly.


And which group appears is picked randomly , and what the numbers are are picked randomly.


And which group appears is picked randomly , and what the numbers are are picked randomly.

So unlike the previous one , which I d simply replicated TI - digits , this is generated randomly.


So unlike the previous one , which I d simply replicated TI - digits , this is generated randomly.


But I think it 'd be great i to be able to compare digits , whether it 's these digits or TI - digits , to speakers , um , and compare that to their spontaneous speech , and then we do need you know a fair amount of  of digit data because you might be wearing a different microphone


But I think it 'd be great i to be able to compare digits , whether it 's these digits or TI - digits , to speakers , um , and compare that to their spontaneous speech , and then we do need you know a fair amount of  of digit data because you might be wearing a different microphone

and , I mean  so it 's  it 's nice to have the digits you know , replicated many times. Especially for speakers that don't talk a lot.


and , I mean  so it 's  it 's nice to have the digits you know , replicated many times. Especially for speakers that don't talk a lot.

So  um , for adaptation. No , I 'm serious ,


So  um , for adaptation. No , I 'm serious ,

Yeah all we have for some people is digits.


Yeah all we have for some people is digits.

so we have a problem with acoustic adaptation , and we 're not using the digit data now , but you know


so we have a problem with acoustic adaptation , and we 're not using the digit data now , but you know

Not for adaptation , nope. v W we 're not  we were running adaptation only on the data that we ran recognition on and I 'd  As soon as someone started to read transcript number , that 's read speech and I thought " well , we 're gonna do better on that ,


Not for adaptation , nope. v W we 're not  we were running adaptation only on the data that we ran recognition on and I 'd  As soon as someone started to read transcript number , that 's read speech and I thought " well , we 're gonna do better on that ,


But , it might be fair to use the data for adaptation , so. So those speakers who are very quiet ,  shy


But , it might be fair to use the data for adaptation , so. So those speakers who are very quiet ,  shy

That would be interesting to see whether that helps.


That would be interesting to see whether that helps.

Do you think that would help adapting on  Yeah. Yeah , I have a real problem with that.


Do you think that would help adapting on  Yeah. Yeah , I have a real problem with that.


Do you think that would help adapting on  Yeah. Yeah , I have a real problem with that.

Well , it sh I mean it 's the same micropho see the nice thing is we have that in the  in the same meeting ,


Well , it sh I mean it 's the same micropho see the nice thing is we have that in the  in the same meeting ,


Right , and so I still like the idea of having some kind of  digit data.


Right , and so I still like the idea of having some kind of  digit data.

Yeah I mean , for the  for the um acoustic research , for the signal - processing , farfield stuff , I see it as  as  as the place that we start. But , th I mean , it 'd be nice to have twenty hours of digits data , but  but uh the truth is I 'm hoping that we  we through the  the stuff that  that you guys have been doing as you continue that , we get , uh , the best we can do on the spontaneous stuff uh , uh nearfield , and then um , we do a lot of the testing of the algorithms on the digits for the farfield , and at some point when we feel it 's mature and we understand what 's going on with it then we  we have to move on to the spontaneous data with the farfield. So.


Yeah I mean , for the  for the um acoustic research , for the signal - processing , farfield stuff , I see it as  as  as the place that we start. But , th I mean , it 'd be nice to have twenty hours of digits data , but  but uh the truth is I 'm hoping that we  we through the  the stuff that  that you guys have been doing as you continue that , we get , uh , the best we can do on the spontaneous stuff uh , uh nearfield , and then um , we do a lot of the testing of the algorithms on the digits for the farfield , and at some point when we feel it 's mature and we understand what 's going on with it then we  we have to move on to the spontaneous data with the farfield. So.

The only thing that we don't have , I know this sounds weird , and maybe it 's completely stupid , but we don't have any overlapping digits.


Yeah I mean , for the  for the um acoustic research , for the signal - processing , farfield stuff , I see it as  as  as the place that we start. But , th I mean , it 'd be nice to have twenty hours of digits data , but  but uh the truth is I 'm hoping that we  we through the  the stuff that  that you guys have been doing as you continue that , we get , uh , the best we can do on the spontaneous stuff uh , uh nearfield , and then um , we do a lot of the testing of the algorithms on the digits for the farfield , and at some point when we feel it 's mature and we understand what 's going on with it then we  we have to move on to the spontaneous data with the farfield. So.

The only thing that we don't have , I know this sounds weird , and maybe it 's completely stupid , but we don't have any overlapping digits.

Yeah , we talked about that a couple times.


The only thing that we don't have , I know this sounds weird , and maybe it 's completely stupid , but we don't have any overlapping digits.

Yeah , we talked about that a couple times.


Yeah , we talked about that a couple times.

The  the problem I see with trying to do overlapping digits is the cognitive load.


The  the problem I see with trying to do overlapping digits is the cognitive load.


The  the problem I see with trying to do overlapping digits is the cognitive load.

No it 's  it 's not stupid , it 's just  I mean , try to do it.


No it 's  it 's not stupid , it 's just  I mean , try to do it.

I 'm just talkin for the stuff that like Dan Ellis is gonna try ,


I 'm just talkin for the stuff that like Dan Ellis is gonna try ,

You read the last line , I 'll read the first line.


You read the last line , I 'll read the first line.


Wait  oh it  these are all the same forms.


Wait  oh it  these are all the same forms.

So  so you read the last line , I 'll read the first line.


So  so you read the last line , I 'll read the first line.


So  so you read the last line , I 'll read the first line.

Oh I guess if you plug you 're ears you could do it , but then you don't get the  the same effects.


Oh I guess if you plug you 're ears you could do it , but then you don't get the  the same effects.


Oh I guess if you plug you 're ears you could do it , but then you don't get the  the same effects.

Well , what I mean is actually no not the overlaps that are well - governed linguistically , but the actual fact that there is speech coming from two people


Well , what I mean is actually no not the overlaps that are well - governed linguistically , but the actual fact that there is speech coming from two people

and the beam - forming stuf all the acoustic stuff that like Dan Ellis and  and company want to do.


and the beam - forming stuf all the acoustic stuff that like Dan Ellis and  and company want to do.

Digits are nice and well behaved , I mean


Digits are nice and well behaved , I mean


That 's right. I  I mea I 'm  I was sort of serious , but I really , I mean , I 'm  I don't feel strongly enough that it 's a good idea ,


That 's right. I  I mea I 'm  I was sort of serious , but I really , I mean , I 'm  I don't feel strongly enough that it 's a good idea ,

You do the last line , I 'll do the first line.


You do the last line , I 'll do the first line.


I couldn't understand a single thing you guys were saying.


I couldn't understand a single thing you guys were saying.

A and that prosody was great , by the way.


I couldn't understand a single thing you guys were saying.

A and that prosody was great , by the way.

I think it was numbers , but I 'm not sure.


I couldn't understand a single thing you guys were saying.

A and that prosody was great , by the way.

I think it was numbers , but I 'm not sure.

It  it sort of sounded like a duet , or something.


A and that prosody was great , by the way.

I think it was numbers , but I 'm not sure.

It  it sort of sounded like a duet , or something.


I think it was numbers , but I 'm not sure.

It  it sort of sounded like a duet , or something.


It  it sort of sounded like a duet , or something.

Alright , let 's try three at once you  you pick one in the middle.


Alright , let 's try three at once you  you pick one in the middle.


I 'm sorry. I 'm mean I think it 's doable ,


So , we  we could have a round like where you do two at a time , and then the next person picks up when the first guy 's done , or something.


Then it would go like h twice as fast , or  a third as fast.


I 'm actually sort of serious if it would help people do that kind o but the people who wanna work on it we should talk to them.


I 'm actually sort of serious if it would help people do that kind o but the people who wanna work on it we should talk to them.

I don't think we 're gonna collect vast amounts of data that way ,


I don't think we 're gonna collect vast amounts of data that way ,

but I think having a little bit might at least be fun for somebody like Dan to play around with ,


but I think having a little bit might at least be fun for somebody like Dan to play around with ,


but I think having a little bit might at least be fun for somebody like Dan to play around with ,

I think maybe if we wanted to do that we would do it as a separate session ,


I think maybe if we wanted to do that we would do it as a separate session ,


I think maybe if we wanted to do that we would do it as a separate session ,

something like that rather than doing it during a real meeting and you know , do two people at a time then three people at a time and things like that. So.


something like that rather than doing it during a real meeting and you know , do two people at a time then three people at a time and things like that. So.


something like that rather than doing it during a real meeting and you know , do two people at a time then three people at a time and things like that. So.

If we have nothing  if we have no agenda we could do it some week.


If we have nothing  if we have no agenda we could do it some week.


If we have nothing  if we have no agenda we could do it some week.

Yeah , yeah. Spend the whole time reading digits with different qu quantities.


Yeah , yeah. Spend the whole time reading digits with different qu quantities.


Yeah , yeah. Spend the whole time reading digits with different qu quantities.

c c Can I can I have an another  another question w about this ?


c c Can I can I have an another  another question w about this ?


c c Can I can I have an another  another question w about this ?

So , um , there are these digits , which are detached digits , but there are other words that contain the same general phon phoneme sequences. Like " wonderful " has " one " in it and  and Victor Borge had a  had a piece on this where he inflated the digits. Well , I wonder if there 's , um , an if there would be a value in having digits that are in essence embedded in real words to compare in terms of like the articulation of " one " in " wonderful " versus " one " as a digit being read.


So , um , there are these digits , which are detached digits , but there are other words that contain the same general phon phoneme sequences. Like " wonderful " has " one " in it and  and Victor Borge had a  had a piece on this where he inflated the digits. Well , I wonder if there 's , um , an if there would be a value in having digits that are in essence embedded in real words to compare in terms of like the articulation of " one " in " wonderful " versus " one " as a digit being read.


Uh , they don't all work as well , do they ? Hmm. What does nine work in ?


It only sounds w good when you scream it , though. So.


It only sounds w good when you scream it , though. So.

I think everybody 's a little punchy here  today.


It only sounds w good when you scream it , though. So.

I think everybody 's a little punchy here  today.

Well , I mean , I just wanted to offer that as a possible task


I think everybody 's a little punchy here  today.

Well , I mean , I just wanted to offer that as a possible task

because , you know , if we were to each read his embedded numbers words in sent in sentences cuz it 's like an entire sketch he does and I wouldn't take the inflated version. So he talks about the woman being " two - derful " , and  and  a But , you know , if it were to be deflated , just the normal word , it would be like a little story that we could read.


Well , I mean , I just wanted to offer that as a possible task

because , you know , if we were to each read his embedded numbers words in sent in sentences cuz it 's like an entire sketch he does and I wouldn't take the inflated version. So he talks about the woman being " two - derful " , and  and  a But , you know , if it were to be deflated , just the normal word , it would be like a little story that we could read.


because , you know , if we were to each read his embedded numbers words in sent in sentences cuz it 's like an entire sketch he does and I wouldn't take the inflated version. So he talks about the woman being " two - derful " , and  and  a But , you know , if it were to be deflated , just the normal word , it would be like a little story that we could read.

I don't know if it would be useful for comparison , but it 's embedded numbers.


because , you know , if we were to each read his embedded numbers words in sent in sentences cuz it 's like an entire sketch he does and I wouldn't take the inflated version. So he talks about the woman being " two - derful " , and  and  a But , you know , if it were to be deflated , just the normal word , it would be like a little story that we could read.

I don't know if it would be useful for comparison , but it 's embedded numbers.

I think for something like that we 'd be better off doing like uh TIMIT.


I don't know if it would be useful for comparison , but it 's embedded numbers.

I think for something like that we 'd be better off doing like uh TIMIT.

Well I don't know. Well I think the question is what the research is , so I mean , I presume that the reason that you wanted to have these digits this way is because you wanted to actually do some research looking at the prosodic form here.


I think for something like that we 'd be better off doing like uh TIMIT.

Well I don't know. Well I think the question is what the research is , so I mean , I presume that the reason that you wanted to have these digits this way is because you wanted to actually do some research looking at the prosodic form here.


Well I don't know. Well I think the question is what the research is , so I mean , I presume that the reason that you wanted to have these digits this way is because you wanted to actually do some research looking at the prosodic form here.


So if somebody wanted to do that , if they wanted to look at the  the  the difference of the uh phones in the digits in the context of a word versus uh the digits  a  a non - digit word versus in digit word , uh that would be a good thing to do , but I think someone would have to express interest in that.


So if somebody wanted to do that , if they wanted to look at the  the  the difference of the uh phones in the digits in the context of a word versus uh the digits  a  a non - digit word versus in digit word , uh that would be a good thing to do , but I think someone would have to express interest in that.

I think , to  I mean if you were interested in it then we could do it , for instance.


I think , to  I mean if you were interested in it then we could do it , for instance.


Um , We have ASR results from Liz , transcript status from Jane , and disk space and storage formats from Don. Does  do we have any prefer preference on which way we wanna  we wanna go ?


Um , We have ASR results from Liz , transcript status from Jane , and disk space and storage formats from Don. Does  do we have any prefer preference on which way we wanna  we wanna go ?

Well I was actually gonna skip the ASR results part , in favor of getting the transcription stuff talked about


Um , We have ASR results from Liz , transcript status from Jane , and disk space and storage formats from Don. Does  do we have any prefer preference on which way we wanna  we wanna go ?

Well I was actually gonna skip the ASR results part , in favor of getting the transcription stuff talked about

since I think that 's more important to moving forward , but I mean Morgan has this paper copy and if people have questions , um , it 's pretty preliminary in terms of ASR results because we didn't do anything fancy , but I think e just having the results there , and pointing out some main conclusions like it 's not the speaking style that differs , it 's the fact that there 's overlap that causes recognition errors. And then , the fact that it 's almost all insertion errors , which you would expect but you might also think that in the overlapped regions you would get substitutions and so forth , um , leads us to believe that doing a better segmentation , like your channel - based segmentation , or some kind of uh , echo cancellation to get basically back down to the individual speaker utterances would be probably all that we would need to be able to do good recognition on the  on the close - talking mikes.


Well I was actually gonna skip the ASR results part , in favor of getting the transcription stuff talked about

since I think that 's more important to moving forward , but I mean Morgan has this paper copy and if people have questions , um , it 's pretty preliminary in terms of ASR results because we didn't do anything fancy , but I think e just having the results there , and pointing out some main conclusions like it 's not the speaking style that differs , it 's the fact that there 's overlap that causes recognition errors. And then , the fact that it 's almost all insertion errors , which you would expect but you might also think that in the overlapped regions you would get substitutions and so forth , um , leads us to believe that doing a better segmentation , like your channel - based segmentation , or some kind of uh , echo cancellation to get basically back down to the individual speaker utterances would be probably all that we would need to be able to do good recognition on the  on the close - talking mikes.


since I think that 's more important to moving forward , but I mean Morgan has this paper copy and if people have questions , um , it 's pretty preliminary in terms of ASR results because we didn't do anything fancy , but I think e just having the results there , and pointing out some main conclusions like it 's not the speaking style that differs , it 's the fact that there 's overlap that causes recognition errors. And then , the fact that it 's almost all insertion errors , which you would expect but you might also think that in the overlapped regions you would get substitutions and so forth , um , leads us to believe that doing a better segmentation , like your channel - based segmentation , or some kind of uh , echo cancellation to get basically back down to the individual speaker utterances would be probably all that we would need to be able to do good recognition on the  on the close - talking mikes.

Um , why don't you , if you have a hard copy , why don't you email it to the list.


since I think that 's more important to moving forward , but I mean Morgan has this paper copy and if people have questions , um , it 's pretty preliminary in terms of ASR results because we didn't do anything fancy , but I think e just having the results there , and pointing out some main conclusions like it 's not the speaking style that differs , it 's the fact that there 's overlap that causes recognition errors. And then , the fact that it 's almost all insertion errors , which you would expect but you might also think that in the overlapped regions you would get substitutions and so forth , um , leads us to believe that doing a better segmentation , like your channel - based segmentation , or some kind of uh , echo cancellation to get basically back down to the individual speaker utterances would be probably all that we would need to be able to do good recognition on the  on the close - talking mikes.

Um , why don't you , if you have a hard copy , why don't you email it to the list.

So , that 's about the summary  But this is  Morgan has this paper.


Um , why don't you , if you have a hard copy , why don't you email it to the list.

So , that 's about the summary  But this is  Morgan has this paper.


So , that 's about the summary  But this is  Morgan has this paper.


It 's the same thing I mailed to every everybody that w where it was ,


So , we basically , um , did a lot of work on that


So , we basically , um , did a lot of work on that

and it 's  Let 's see , th I guess the other neat thing is it shows for sure w that the lapel , you know within speaker is bad.


and it 's  Let 's see , th I guess the other neat thing is it shows for sure w that the lapel , you know within speaker is bad.

And it 's bad because it picks up the overlapping speech.


and it 's  Let 's see , th I guess the other neat thing is it shows for sure w that the lapel , you know within speaker is bad.

And it 's bad because it picks up the overlapping speech.

So , your  your ASR results were run on the channels synchronized ,


And it 's bad because it picks up the overlapping speech.

So , your  your ASR results were run on the channels synchronized ,

Yes , cuz that 's all that w had been transcribed at the time ,


So , your  your ASR results were run on the channels synchronized ,

Yes , cuz that 's all that w had been transcribed at the time ,

um but as we  I mean I wanted to here more about the transcription. If we can get the channel asynchronous or the


Yes , cuz that 's all that w had been transcribed at the time ,

um but as we  I mean I wanted to here more about the transcription. If we can get the channel asynchronous or the


um but as we  I mean I wanted to here more about the transcription. If we can get the channel asynchronous or the

the closer t that would be very interesting for us


the closer t that would be very interesting for us


the closer t that would be very interesting for us

Yeah , that 's  that 's why I only used the part from use


Yeah , that 's  that 's why I only used the part from use


Yeah , that 's  that 's why I only used the part from use

which we had uh about uh about the alt over all the channels


which we had uh about uh about the alt over all the channels


So if there was a segment of speech this long


So if there was a segment of speech this long

and oh and someone said " oh , " the whole thing was passed to the recognizer ?


and oh and someone said " oh , " the whole thing was passed to the recognizer ?

And someone said " oh " in the front  in the middle.


and oh and someone said " oh , " the whole thing was passed to the recognizer ?

And someone said " oh " in the front  in the middle.

There were several speakers in it , yeah.


and oh and someone said " oh , " the whole thing was passed to the recognizer ?

And someone said " oh " in the front  in the middle.

There were several speakers in it , yeah.

That 's right. In fact I  I pulled out a couple classic examples in case you wanna u use them in your talk of


And someone said " oh " in the front  in the middle.

There were several speakers in it , yeah.

That 's right. In fact I  I pulled out a couple classic examples in case you wanna u use them in your talk of

That 's why there 's so many insertion errors ?


There were several speakers in it , yeah.

That 's right. In fact I  I pulled out a couple classic examples in case you wanna u use them in your talk of

That 's why there 's so many insertion errors ?


That 's right. In fact I  I pulled out a couple classic examples in case you wanna u use them in your talk of

That 's why there 's so many insertion errors ?

Chuck on the lapel , so Chuck wore the lapel three out of four times.


That 's why there 's so many insertion errors ?

Chuck on the lapel , so Chuck wore the lapel three out of four times.


Chuck on the lapel , so Chuck wore the lapel three out of four times.

I noticed that Chuck was wearing the lapel a lot.


I noticed that Chuck was wearing the lapel a lot.

Um , yeah , and I wore the lapel once , and for me the lapel was OK. I mean I still  and I don't know why. I 'm  But um ,


I noticed that Chuck was wearing the lapel a lot.

Um , yeah , and I wore the lapel once , and for me the lapel was OK. I mean I still  and I don't know why. I 'm  But um ,

Probably how you wear it  wore it I would guess.


Um , yeah , and I wore the lapel once , and for me the lapel was OK. I mean I still  and I don't know why. I 'm  But um ,

Probably how you wear it  wore it I would guess.

for you it was  Or who was next to me or something like that.


Um , yeah , and I wore the lapel once , and for me the lapel was OK. I mean I still  and I don't know why. I 'm  But um ,

Probably how you wear it  wore it I would guess.

for you it was  Or who was next to me or something like that.

Yeah , where you were sitting probably affected it.


Probably how you wear it  wore it I would guess.

for you it was  Or who was next to me or something like that.

Yeah , where you were sitting probably affected it.


for you it was  Or who was next to me or something like that.

Yeah , where you were sitting probably affected it.

Right , but when Chuck wore the lapel and Morgan was talking there 're a couple really long utterances where Chuck is saying a few things inside , and it 's picking up all of Morgan 's words pretty well and so the rec you know , there 're error rates because of insertion  Insertions aren't bounded , so with a one - word utterance and ten insertions you know you got huge error rate.


Yeah , where you were sitting probably affected it.

Right , but when Chuck wore the lapel and Morgan was talking there 're a couple really long utterances where Chuck is saying a few things inside , and it 's picking up all of Morgan 's words pretty well and so the rec you know , there 're error rates because of insertion  Insertions aren't bounded , so with a one - word utterance and ten insertions you know you got huge error rate.


Right , but when Chuck wore the lapel and Morgan was talking there 're a couple really long utterances where Chuck is saying a few things inside , and it 's picking up all of Morgan 's words pretty well and so the rec you know , there 're error rates because of insertion  Insertions aren't bounded , so with a one - word utterance and ten insertions you know you got huge error rate.