Uh My current idea on that would be that each of these decision nodes has questions associated with it.

And the question wouldn't itself be one of these conditional things


And the question wouldn't itself be one of these conditional things

you know , given that you know there 's a strike do you still wanna go ?


you know , given that you know there 's a strike do you still wanna go ?

But uh if you told him a bunch of stuff , then you would ask him do you wanna go ?


But uh if you told him a bunch of stuff , then you would ask him do you wanna go ?

But I think trying to formulate the conditional question , that sounds too much.


But I think trying to formulate the conditional question , that sounds too much.


Alright , but let me  let  let 's stay with this a minute


Alright , but let me  let  let 's stay with this a minute

because I want to do a little bit of organization. Before we get more into details. The organization is going to be that uh the flavor of what 's going on is going to be that uh as we s e sort of going to this detail indeed Keith is going to  to worry about the various constructions that people might use


because I want to do a little bit of organization. Before we get more into details. The organization is going to be that uh the flavor of what 's going on is going to be that uh as we s e sort of going to this detail indeed Keith is going to  to worry about the various constructions that people might use

and Johno has committed himself to being the parser wizard ,


and Johno has committed himself to being the parser wizard ,

so what 's going to happen is that eventually like by the time he graduates , OK uh they 'll be some sort of system which is able to take the discourse in context and have outputs that can feed the rest of belief - net. I j wa I  I assume everybody knows that , I just wanna you know , get closure that that 'll be the game then ,


so what 's going to happen is that eventually like by the time he graduates , OK uh they 'll be some sort of system which is able to take the discourse in context and have outputs that can feed the rest of belief - net. I j wa I  I assume everybody knows that , I just wanna you know , get closure that that 'll be the game then ,

so the semantics that you 'll get out of the discourse will be of values that go into the various discourse - based decision nodes. And now some of those will get fancier like mode of transportation and stuff so it isn't by any means uh necessarily a simple thing that you want out. So uh if there is an and there is mode of transportation


so what 's going to happen is that eventually like by the time he graduates , OK uh they 'll be some sort of system which is able to take the discourse in context and have outputs that can feed the rest of belief - net. I j wa I  I assume everybody knows that , I just wanna you know , get closure that that 'll be the game then ,

so the semantics that you 'll get out of the discourse will be of values that go into the various discourse - based decision nodes. And now some of those will get fancier like mode of transportation and stuff so it isn't by any means uh necessarily a simple thing that you want out. So uh if there is an and there is mode of transportation

And it there 's a sort of also a split if you loo if you blow this up and look at it in more detail there 's something that comes from the discourse in terms of what was actually just said what 's the utterance go giving us


so the semantics that you 'll get out of the discourse will be of values that go into the various discourse - based decision nodes. And now some of those will get fancier like mode of transportation and stuff so it isn't by any means uh necessarily a simple thing that you want out. So uh if there is an and there is mode of transportation

And it there 's a sort of also a split if you loo if you blow this up and look at it in more detail there 's something that comes from the discourse in terms of what was actually just said what 's the utterance go giving us


so the semantics that you 'll get out of the discourse will be of values that go into the various discourse - based decision nodes. And now some of those will get fancier like mode of transportation and stuff so it isn't by any means uh necessarily a simple thing that you want out. So uh if there is an and there is mode of transportation

And it there 's a sort of also a split if you loo if you blow this up and look at it in more detail there 's something that comes from the discourse in terms of what was actually just said what 's the utterance go giving us

and then what 's the discourse history give us.


And it there 's a sort of also a split if you loo if you blow this up and look at it in more detail there 's something that comes from the discourse in terms of what was actually just said what 's the utterance go giving us

and then what 's the discourse history give us.

Yeah , well that , well , we 'll have to decide uh how much of th where that goes.


and then what 's the discourse history give us.

Yeah , well that , well , we 'll have to decide uh how much of th where that goes.


Yeah , well that , well , we 'll have to decide uh how much of th where that goes.


an and it 's not clear yet. I mean it could be those are two separate things , it could be that the discourse gadget itself integrates em as  which would be my guess that you 'd have to do see in order to do reference and stuff like that um you 've gotta have both the current discourse and the context to say I wanna go back there ,


But is th is this picture that 's emerging here just my wish that you have noticed already for symmetry or is it that we get for each  each decision on the very bottom we sort of get the sub - E , sub - D , sub - U and maybe a sub - O  " O " for " ontology " um meta node


This is  this is getting into the thing I wanna talk about next ,


This is  this is getting into the thing I wanna talk about next ,

which is s if that 's true uh how do we wanna combine those ? O or when it 's true ?


This is  this is getting into the thing I wanna talk about next ,

which is s if that 's true uh how do we wanna combine those ? O or when it 's true ?

but this eh w wou wou would be nice though that , you know , we only have at most four at the moment um arrows going f to each of the uh bottom decisions.


which is s if that 's true uh how do we wanna combine those ? O or when it 's true ?

but this eh w wou wou would be nice though that , you know , we only have at most four at the moment um arrows going f to each of the uh bottom decisions.


but this eh w wou wou would be nice though that , you know , we only have at most four at the moment um arrows going f to each of the uh bottom decisions.


Well i i it see i if it 's fou if it 's four things and each of them has four values it turns out to be a big CPT , it 's not s completely impossi I mean it 's  it 's not beyond what the system could solve but it 's probably beyond what we could actually uh write down. or learn.


Well i i it see i if it 's fou if it 's four things and each of them has four values it turns out to be a big CPT , it 's not s completely impossi I mean it 's  it 's not beyond what the system could solve but it 's probably beyond what we could actually uh write down. or learn.

Uh but , you know it 's four to the fourth. It 's pretty big. Uh.


Uh but , you know it 's four to the fourth. It 's pretty big. Uh.


Yeah , I mean it 's and I don't think it 's gonna g e I don't think it 'll get worse than that by the way , so le that 's a  that 's a good


Yeah , I mean it 's and I don't think it 's gonna g e I don't think it 'll get worse than that by the way , so le that 's a  that 's a good

But  but four  didn't we decide that all of these had true or false ? So is  it 's four


Yeah , I mean it 's and I don't think it 's gonna g e I don't think it 'll get worse than that by the way , so le that 's a  that 's a good

But  but four  didn't we decide that all of these had true or false ? So is  it 's four

Uh for go there , but not f but not for  the other one 's three values for endpoint already.


But  but four  didn't we decide that all of these had true or false ? So is  it 's four

Uh for go there , but not f but not for  the other one 's three values for endpoint already.


But  but four  didn't we decide that all of these had true or false ? So is  it 's four

Uh for go there , but not f but not for  the other one 's three values for endpoint already.

Yeah , I mean you need actually three to the five because uh well I mean if  if it has four inputs and then it itself has three values


Uh for go there , but not f but not for  the other one 's three values for endpoint already.

Yeah , I mean you need actually three to the five because uh well I mean if  if it has four inputs and then it itself has three values


Yeah , I mean you need actually three to the five because uh well I mean if  if it has four inputs and then it itself has three values


yeah , down here , but this one only has two.


Each  so you 're uh uh from each point of view you 're making the same decision.


Each  so you 're uh uh from each point of view you 're making the same decision.

So from the point of view of the ob of the entity


So from the point of view of the ob of the entity


This  and also , I mean , the other places where , like for example consider endpoint view , it has inputs coming from user budget , user thrift


This  and also , I mean , the other places where , like for example consider endpoint view , it has inputs coming from user budget , user thrift

Those are not necessarily binary. S so we 're  we 're gonna have to use some t care in the knowledge engineering to not have this explode. And in fact I think it doesn't in the sense that um Read it , you know actually with the underlying semantics and stuff I think it isn't like you have two hundred and fifty - six different uh ways of  of thinking about whether this user wants to go to some place. Alright. So we  we just have to figure out what the regularities are and and code them. But um What I was gonna suggest next is maybe we wanna work on this a little longer but I do want to also talk about the thing that we started into now of uh well it 's all fine to say all these arrows come into the si same place what rule of combination is used there.


Those are not necessarily binary. S so we 're  we 're gonna have to use some t care in the knowledge engineering to not have this explode. And in fact I think it doesn't in the sense that um Read it , you know actually with the underlying semantics and stuff I think it isn't like you have two hundred and fifty - six different uh ways of  of thinking about whether this user wants to go to some place. Alright. So we  we just have to figure out what the regularities are and and code them. But um What I was gonna suggest next is maybe we wanna work on this a little longer but I do want to also talk about the thing that we started into now of uh well it 's all fine to say all these arrows come into the si same place what rule of combination is used there.


Those are not necessarily binary. S so we 're  we 're gonna have to use some t care in the knowledge engineering to not have this explode. And in fact I think it doesn't in the sense that um Read it , you know actually with the underlying semantics and stuff I think it isn't like you have two hundred and fifty - six different uh ways of  of thinking about whether this user wants to go to some place. Alright. So we  we just have to figure out what the regularities are and and code them. But um What I was gonna suggest next is maybe we wanna work on this a little longer but I do want to also talk about the thing that we started into now of uh well it 's all fine to say all these arrows come into the si same place what rule of combination is used there.

So th yes they  so these things all affect it ,


So th yes they  so these things all affect it ,

how do they affect it ? And belief - nets have their own beliefs about uh what are good ways to do that. So is it  it 's  it 's clearer n clear enough what the issue is ,


how do they affect it ? And belief - nets have their own beliefs about uh what are good ways to do that. So is it  it 's  it 's clearer n clear enough what the issue is ,

right ? So do we wanna switch that now or we wanna do some more of this ?


how do they affect it ? And belief - nets have their own beliefs about uh what are good ways to do that. So is it  it 's  it 's clearer n clear enough what the issue is ,

right ? So do we wanna switch that now or we wanna do some more of this ?

R basically w we just need to sort of in order to get some closure on this figure out how we 're gonna get this picture sort of uh completely messy.


right ? So do we wanna switch that now or we wanna do some more of this ?

R basically w we just need to sort of in order to get some closure on this figure out how we 're gonna get this picture sort of uh completely messy.

Well , here  he here 's one of the things that  that I th you sh you  no , I don't know how easy it is to do this in the interface but you  it would be great if you could actually just display at a given time uh all the things that you pick up , you click on " endpoint " , OK and everything else fades


R basically w we just need to sort of in order to get some closure on this figure out how we 're gonna get this picture sort of uh completely messy.

Well , here  he here 's one of the things that  that I th you sh you  no , I don't know how easy it is to do this in the interface but you  it would be great if you could actually just display at a given time uh all the things that you pick up , you click on " endpoint " , OK and everything else fades

and you just see the links that are relevant to that. And I does anybody remember the GUI on this ?


Well , here  he here 's one of the things that  that I th you sh you  no , I don't know how easy it is to do this in the interface but you  it would be great if you could actually just display at a given time uh all the things that you pick up , you click on " endpoint " , OK and everything else fades

and you just see the links that are relevant to that. And I does anybody remember the GUI on this ?

Uh d I would almost say the other way to do that would be to open u or make you know N - many belief - nets and then open them every time you wanted to look at a different one


and you just see the links that are relevant to that. And I does anybody remember the GUI on this ?

Uh d I would almost say the other way to do that would be to open u or make you know N - many belief - nets and then open them every time you wanted to look at a different one


Uh d I would almost say the other way to do that would be to open u or make you know N - many belief - nets and then open them every time you wanted to look at a different one

It 's probably pretty easy do it  to do it in HTML , just


It 's probably pretty easy do it  to do it in HTML , just


Yeah I have each of these thing each of the end belief - nets be  be a page and then you click on the thing and then li consider that it 's respective ,


anyway so uh it clear that even with this if we put in all the arrows nobody is gonna be able to read the diagram.


anyway so uh it clear that even with this if we put in all the arrows nobody is gonna be able to read the diagram.

Alright , so e we have to figure out some eh eh uh basically display hack or something to do this because anyway I  I  let me consi suggest that 's a s not a first - order consideration , we have two first - order considerations which is what are the uh influences A , A , and B how do they get combined mathematically , how do we display them is an issue , but um


anyway so uh it clear that even with this if we put in all the arrows nobody is gonna be able to read the diagram.

Alright , so e we have to figure out some eh eh uh basically display hack or something to do this because anyway I  I  let me consi suggest that 's a s not a first - order consideration , we have two first - order considerations which is what are the uh influences A , A , and B how do they get combined mathematically , how do we display them is an issue , but um

I don't , yeah I just don't think this has been designed to support something like that.


Alright , so e we have to figure out some eh eh uh basically display hack or something to do this because anyway I  I  let me consi suggest that 's a s not a first - order consideration , we have two first - order considerations which is what are the uh influences A , A , and B how do they get combined mathematically , how do we display them is an issue , but um

I don't , yeah I just don't think this has been designed to support something like that.

Yeah. Yeah , I  I mean , it might soon , if this is gonna be used in a serious way like java base then it might soon be necessary to uh start modifying it for our purposes.


Alright , so e we have to figure out some eh eh uh basically display hack or something to do this because anyway I  I  let me consi suggest that 's a s not a first - order consideration , we have two first - order considerations which is what are the uh influences A , A , and B how do they get combined mathematically , how do we display them is an issue , but um

I don't , yeah I just don't think this has been designed to support something like that.

Yeah. Yeah , I  I mean , it might soon , if this is gonna be used in a serious way like java base then it might soon be necessary to uh start modifying it for our purposes.

Right. Yeah , and Um I  that seems like a perfectly feasible thing to get into , but um we have to know what we want first. OK , so why don't you tell us a little bit about decision nodes and what  what the choices might be for these ?


I don't , yeah I just don't think this has been designed to support something like that.

Yeah. Yeah , I  I mean , it might soon , if this is gonna be used in a serious way like java base then it might soon be necessary to uh start modifying it for our purposes.

Right. Yeah , and Um I  that seems like a perfectly feasible thing to get into , but um we have to know what we want first. OK , so why don't you tell us a little bit about decision nodes and what  what the choices might be for these ?


Yeah. Yeah , I  I mean , it might soon , if this is gonna be used in a serious way like java base then it might soon be necessary to uh start modifying it for our purposes.

Right. Yeah , and Um I  that seems like a perfectly feasible thing to get into , but um we have to know what we want first. OK , so why don't you tell us a little bit about decision nodes and what  what the choices might be for these ?

You can technically wear that as you 're talking.


Right. Yeah , and Um I  that seems like a perfectly feasible thing to get into , but um we have to know what we want first. OK , so why don't you tell us a little bit about decision nodes and what  what the choices might be for these ?

You can technically wear that as you 're talking.

Yeah , it 's right , I guess I can do that.


You can technically wear that as you 're talking.

Yeah , it 's right , I guess I can do that.


Yeah , it 's right , I guess I can do that.

I guess this board works fine. So um recall the basic problem which is that um you have a belief - net and you have like a lot of different nodes all contributing to one node. Right ? So as we discussed specifying this kind of thing is a big pain and it 's so will take a long time to write down because for example if these S have three possibilities each and this has three possibilities then you know you have two hundred and forty - three possibilities which is already a lot of numbers to write down. So what um helps us in our situation is that these all have values in the same set , right ? These are all like saying EV or A , right ? So it 's not just a generalized situation like I mean basically we wanna just take a combination of  we wanna view each of these as experts ea who are each of them is making a decision based on some factors and we wanna sort of combine their decisions and create you know , um sorta weighted combination.


I guess this board works fine. So um recall the basic problem which is that um you have a belief - net and you have like a lot of different nodes all contributing to one node. Right ? So as we discussed specifying this kind of thing is a big pain and it 's so will take a long time to write down because for example if these S have three possibilities each and this has three possibilities then you know you have two hundred and forty - three possibilities which is already a lot of numbers to write down. So what um helps us in our situation is that these all have values in the same set , right ? These are all like saying EV or A , right ? So it 's not just a generalized situation like I mean basically we wanna just take a combination of  we wanna view each of these as experts ea who are each of them is making a decision based on some factors and we wanna sort of combine their decisions and create you know , um sorta weighted combination.


I guess this board works fine. So um recall the basic problem which is that um you have a belief - net and you have like a lot of different nodes all contributing to one node. Right ? So as we discussed specifying this kind of thing is a big pain and it 's so will take a long time to write down because for example if these S have three possibilities each and this has three possibilities then you know you have two hundred and forty - three possibilities which is already a lot of numbers to write down. So what um helps us in our situation is that these all have values in the same set , right ? These are all like saying EV or A , right ? So it 's not just a generalized situation like I mean basically we wanna just take a combination of  we wanna view each of these as experts ea who are each of them is making a decision based on some factors and we wanna sort of combine their decisions and create you know , um sorta weighted combination.

ROVER. All of their outputs combined to make a decision.


ROVER. All of their outputs combined to make a decision.


ROVER. All of their outputs combined to make a decision.

Yeah. Yeah. So the problem is to specify the uh so the conditional property of this given all those , right ? That 's the way belief - nets are defined , like each node given its parents , right ? So um that 's what we want , we want for example P of um let 's call this guy Y and let 's call these X - one , X - two XN , right. So we want probability that Y equals , you know , for example um E given that these guys are I 'll just refer to this as like X um hat or something , uh the co like all of them ? Given that for example the data says you know , A , V , A , E , or something right ?


Yeah. Yeah. So the problem is to specify the uh so the conditional property of this given all those , right ? That 's the way belief - nets are defined , like each node given its parents , right ? So um that 's what we want , we want for example P of um let 's call this guy Y and let 's call these X - one , X - two XN , right. So we want probability that Y equals , you know , for example um E given that these guys are I 'll just refer to this as like X um hat or something , uh the co like all of them ? Given that for example the data says you know , A , V , A , E , or something right ?

So we would like to do this kind of combination.


Yeah. Yeah. So the problem is to specify the uh so the conditional property of this given all those , right ? That 's the way belief - nets are defined , like each node given its parents , right ? So um that 's what we want , we want for example P of um let 's call this guy Y and let 's call these X - one , X - two XN , right. So we want probability that Y equals , you know , for example um E given that these guys are I 'll just refer to this as like X um hat or something , uh the co like all of them ? Given that for example the data says you know , A , V , A , E , or something right ?

So we would like to do this kind of combination.

Alright , so um Is that uh I  yeah , I just wanna make sure everybody is with us before he goes on.


So we would like to do this kind of combination.

Alright , so um Is that uh I  yeah , I just wanna make sure everybody is with us before he goes on.


So we would like to do this kind of combination.

Alright , so um Is that uh I  yeah , I just wanna make sure everybody is with us before he goes on.

It 's  it 's cl e is  is it clear what he wants to compute ?


Alright , so um Is that uh I  yeah , I just wanna make sure everybody is with us before he goes on.

It 's  it 's cl e is  is it clear what he wants to compute ?


It 's  it 's cl e is  is it clear what he wants to compute ?

Right. So , right. So Basically um  what we don't wanna do is to for every single combination of E and V and A and every single letter E , s give a number


Right. So , right. So Basically um  what we don't wanna do is to for every single combination of E and V and A and every single letter E , s give a number

because that 's obviously not desirable. What we wanna do is find some principled way of um saying what each of these is and we want it to be a valid probability distribution , so we want it to um add up to one , right ?


because that 's obviously not desirable. What we wanna do is find some principled way of um saying what each of these is and we want it to be a valid probability distribution , so we want it to um add up to one , right ?

So those are the two things that we uh need. So what uh I guess , what Jerry suggested earlier was basically that we , you know view these guys as voting and we just take the uh we essentially take um averages , right ? So for example here two people have voted for A , one has voted for V , and one has voted for E , so we could say that the probabilities are , you know , probability of being E is one over four , because one person voted for E out of four and similarly , probability of so this is probability of E s and then probability of A given all that is um two out of four and probability of V is one out of four. Right ? So that 's step  that 's the uh yeah that 's the  that 's the basic uh thing. Now


So those are the two things that we uh need. So what uh I guess , what Jerry suggested earlier was basically that we , you know view these guys as voting and we just take the uh we essentially take um averages , right ? So for example here two people have voted for A , one has voted for V , and one has voted for E , so we could say that the probabilities are , you know , probability of being E is one over four , because one person voted for E out of four and similarly , probability of so this is probability of E s and then probability of A given all that is um two out of four and probability of V is one out of four. Right ? So that 's step  that 's the uh yeah that 's the  that 's the basic uh thing. Now


it 's X  X - one voted for A X - two voted for V


S so this assumes symmetry and equal weights and all this sort of things , which may or may not be a good assumption ,


Yeah. Yeah. So step two is um right. So we 've assumed equal weights whereas it might turn out that you know , some w be that for example , what the um the actual the uh verbal content of what the person said , like what uh what might be uh somehow more uh important than the uh


Yeah. Yeah. So step two is um right. So we 've assumed equal weights whereas it might turn out that you know , some w be that for example , what the um the actual the uh verbal content of what the person said , like what uh what might be uh somehow more uh important than the uh

Right. Sure , so we don't wanna like give them all equal weight so currently we 've been giving them all weight one fourth so we could replace this by uh W - one , W - two , W - three , and W - four


Right. Sure , so we don't wanna like give them all equal weight so currently we 've been giving them all weight one fourth so we could replace this by uh W - one , W - two , W - three , and W - four

right ? And in order for this to be a valid probability distribution for each um X - hat , we just need that the W 's sum to one. So they can be for example , you know you  you could have point one , point three , point two , and point four , say.


right ? And in order for this to be a valid probability distribution for each um X - hat , we just need that the W 's sum to one. So they can be for example , you know you  you could have point one , point three , point two , and point four , say.

And that 'd be one. So that um also seems to work fine. And uh


right ? And in order for this to be a valid probability distribution for each um X - hat , we just need that the W 's sum to one. So they can be for example , you know you  you could have point one , point three , point two , and point four , say.

And that 'd be one. So that um also seems to work fine. And uh

So I jus just to make sure I understand this , so in this case um we would still compute the average ?


And that 'd be one. So that um also seems to work fine. And uh

So I jus just to make sure I understand this , so in this case um we would still compute the average ?

You 'd compute the weighted average , so the probability of E would be uh


And that 'd be one. So that um also seems to work fine. And uh

So I jus just to make sure I understand this , so in this case um we would still compute the average ?

You 'd compute the weighted average , so the probability of E would be uh

OK , so  so it 'd be so in this case the probability that Y equals A would be uh  W one times


So I jus just to make sure I understand this , so in this case um we would still compute the average ?

You 'd compute the weighted average , so the probability of E would be uh

OK , so  so it 'd be so in this case the probability that Y equals A would be uh  W one times


You 'd compute the weighted average , so the probability of E would be uh

OK , so  so it 'd be so in this case the probability that Y equals A would be uh  W one times

or A or  let 's see , one full quarter times point one


OK , so  so it 'd be so in this case the probability that Y equals A would be uh  W one times

or A or  let 's see , one full quarter times point one


or A or  let 's see , one full quarter times point one


or A or  let 's see , one full quarter times point one

so these numbers have been replaced with point one , point three , point two , and point four. So you can view these as gone.


so these numbers have been replaced with point one , point three , point two , and point four. So you can view these as gone.


Yeah. Yeah. OK. So , alright. So this is uh step two. So the next possibility is that um we 've given just a single weight to each expert , right , whereas it might be the case that um in certain situations one of the experts is more uh reliable and in certain situations the other expert is more reliable. So the way this is handled is by what 's called a mixture of experts , so what you can have is you augment these diagrams like this so you have a new thing called " H " , OK ? This is a hidden variable. And what this is is it gets its input from X - one , X - two , X - three , and X - four , and what it does is it decides which of the experts is to be trusted in this particular situation. Right ? And then these guys all come here. OK. So this is sightly uh more complicated. So what 's going on is that um this H node looks at these four values of those guys and it decides in given these values which of these isn't likely to be more reliable or most reliable. So H produces some you know , it produces a number , either one , two , three , or four , in our situation , right ? Now this guy he looks at the value of H say it 's two , and then he just selects the uh thing. That 's all there is to say , I guess about it. Right , so you can have a mixture that


Yeah. Yeah. OK. So , alright. So this is uh step two. So the next possibility is that um we 've given just a single weight to each expert , right , whereas it might be the case that um in certain situations one of the experts is more uh reliable and in certain situations the other expert is more reliable. So the way this is handled is by what 's called a mixture of experts , so what you can have is you augment these diagrams like this so you have a new thing called " H " , OK ? This is a hidden variable. And what this is is it gets its input from X - one , X - two , X - three , and X - four , and what it does is it decides which of the experts is to be trusted in this particular situation. Right ? And then these guys all come here. OK. So this is sightly uh more complicated. So what 's going on is that um this H node looks at these four values of those guys and it decides in given these values which of these isn't likely to be more reliable or most reliable. So H produces some you know , it produces a number , either one , two , three , or four , in our situation , right ? Now this guy he looks at the value of H say it 's two , and then he just selects the uh thing. That 's all there is to say , I guess about it. Right , so you can have a mixture that

So  so the function of the thing that comes out of H is very different from the function of the other inputs. It 's driving how the other four are interpreted. OK.


So  so the function of the thing that comes out of H is very different from the function of the other inputs. It 's driving how the other four are interpreted. OK.


So  so the function of the thing that comes out of H is very different from the function of the other inputs. It 's driving how the other four are interpreted. OK.

So H passes a vector on to the next node ?


So H passes a vector on to the next node ?

It could ? A vector of the weights as the se


It could ? A vector of the weights as the se


Well a vector with three zero 's and one one , right ?


Well a vector with three zero 's and one one , right ?

Oh it 's basically to tell the bottom node which one of the situations that it 's in or which one of the weighting systems


Well a vector with three zero 's and one one , right ?

Oh it 's basically to tell the bottom node which one of the situations that it 's in or which one of the weighting systems

W I was just , if you wanted to pay attention to more than one you could pass a w a weighting s system though too , couldn't you ? OK.


Oh it 's basically to tell the bottom node which one of the situations that it 's in or which one of the weighting systems

W I was just , if you wanted to pay attention to more than one you could pass a w a weighting s system though too , couldn't you ? OK.

Um Does H have to have another input to tell it alpha , beta , whatever , or is the  that 's determined by what the experts are saying , like the type of situ OK. Hmm. OK. OK. I mean It  it just seems that like without that  that outside input that you 've got a situation where , you know , like if  if uh X - one says no , you know , a low value coming out of X - on or i if X - one says no then ignore X - one , you know , I mean that seems like that 'd be weird ,


W I was just , if you wanted to pay attention to more than one you could pass a w a weighting s system though too , couldn't you ? OK.

Um Does H have to have another input to tell it alpha , beta , whatever , or is the  that 's determined by what the experts are saying , like the type of situ OK. Hmm. OK. OK. I mean It  it just seems that like without that  that outside input that you 've got a situation where , you know , like if  if uh X - one says no , you know , a low value coming out of X - on or i if X - one says no then ignore X - one , you know , I mean that seems like that 'd be weird ,

Yeah , well could be things like if X - two and X - three say yes then i ignore X - one also.


Um Does H have to have another input to tell it alpha , beta , whatever , or is the  that 's determined by what the experts are saying , like the type of situ OK. Hmm. OK. OK. I mean It  it just seems that like without that  that outside input that you 've got a situation where , you know , like if  if uh X - one says no , you know , a low value coming out of X - on or i if X - one says no then ignore X - one , you know , I mean that seems like that 'd be weird ,

Yeah , well could be things like if X - two and X - three say yes then i ignore X - one also.

Oh The situations that H has , are they built into the net or OK , so they  they could either be hand coded or learned or OK.


Yeah , well could be things like if X - two and X - three say yes then i ignore X - one also.

Oh The situations that H has , are they built into the net or OK , so they  they could either be hand coded or learned or OK.


Oh The situations that H has , are they built into the net or OK , so they  they could either be hand coded or learned or OK.


So you specify one of these things for every one of those possi possible situations. Oh yeah.


So let's start our second me meeting on  conceptual design.


as the previous meeting I will be the secretary


as the previous meeting I will be the secretary

and we will have three presentations and we'll have to decide on the remote control concept and finally we'll close the decision. So I will first uh


and we will have three presentations and we'll have to decide on the remote control concept and finally we'll close the decision. So I will first uh


I I think I will let uh our User Interface Designer speak first , Mister David Jordan.


Mm. So uh first I will present the concept of user interface. Um there's three concepts in the user interface. So first one it's a Google controller. The second is a fancy controller. The last one is uh intelligent controller. So there are three concepts in our controller. Um n next I will explain one by one , the first is Google controller. Um , so I want the controller to be easy to use , but with sophisticated functions. So it's a combination of easy to use and um sophisticated functions. Uh this is a first concept of our controller. The second concept is a fancy controller , um so we want give the customers the impression that our controller is very attractive , um they can easy recognise our controller among a lot of products , so so the u the user f the the u user interface should be very very cute , very very g um


attractive. Such like this , there are several uh examples in the slides.


attractive. Such like this , there are several uh examples in the slides.

I'm not sure the one in the middle  is very attractive.


I'm not sure the one in the middle  is very attractive.


It's hard f i it's easy for you to remember it.  Or to recognise it ,


We'll have big discussion I suppose after that ,


So the last uh concept is intelligent. We want uh we want our controller to be smart ,


So the last uh concept is intelligent. We want uh we want our controller to be smart ,

so maybe we should uh use um uh technology , such as speech recognition technology and gesture recognition technology , so we need to have coop some cooperation with some research institute on speech recognition and um gesture recognition. Um With this advanced features we  I think we can attract a lot of user.


so maybe we should uh use um uh technology , such as speech recognition technology and gesture recognition technology , so we need to have coop some cooperation with some research institute on speech recognition and um gesture recognition. Um With this advanced features we  I think we can attract a lot of user.


so maybe we should uh use um uh technology , such as speech recognition technology and gesture recognition technology , so we need to have coop some cooperation with some research institute on speech recognition and um gesture recognition. Um With this advanced features we  I think we can attract a lot of user.

Okay. No. There  this is the three concepts of our controller.


Okay. No. There  this is the three concepts of our controller.

I just have one question , because for the intelligent controller ,  you said that we can use the voice recognition or the gesture recognition ,


I just have one question , because for the intelligent controller ,  you said that we can use the voice recognition or the gesture recognition ,

but as the um expert told us , most of the people want to use the remote control to zap t to zap between channels. Do you think they will be able to use gestures ?


but as the um expert told us , most of the people want to use the remote control to zap t to zap between channels. Do you think they will be able to use gestures ?

Because , if they do all the time the same gesture , as you said previously in the last meeting , maybe they will get injuries because of that ?


Because , if they do all the time the same gesture , as you said previously in the last meeting , maybe they will get injuries because of that ?

or if you say channel three channel three two three four six five , I think they will be bored after a while. You don't think so ?


Because , if they do all the time the same gesture , as you said previously in the last meeting , maybe they will get injuries because of that ?

or if you say channel three channel three two three four six five , I think they will be bored after a while. You don't think so ?

Uh I think some time it's very uh convenient to use voice interface and gesture interface than use button.


or if you say channel three channel three two three four six five , I think they will be bored after a while. You don't think so ?

Uh I think some time it's very uh convenient to use voice interface and gesture interface than use button.


or if you say channel three channel three two three four six five , I think they will be bored after a while. You don't think so ?

Uh I think some time it's very uh convenient to use voice interface and gesture interface than use button.

For example , if you cannot find your uh  controller , you can just uh  just just uh speak something such as , yeah , one two.


Uh I think some time it's very uh convenient to use voice interface and gesture interface than use button.

For example , if you cannot find your uh  controller , you can just uh  just just uh speak something such as , yeah , one two.

Oh yeah ,  that's a good  that's a good point , so.


For example , if you cannot find your uh  controller , you can just uh  just just uh speak something such as , yeah , one two.

Oh yeah ,  that's a good  that's a good point , so.


Oh yeah ,  that's a good  that's a good point , so.

Yeah , but suppose you got a cold. You have a mute remote controller.


Yeah , but suppose you got a cold. You have a mute remote controller.


Yeah , but suppose you got a cold. You have a mute remote controller.

So you can use your gesture. That's no problem.


So you can use your gesture. That's no problem.

Yeah but how how is  how risky is it to trust like speech recognition or gesture recognition ?


So you can use your gesture. That's no problem.

Yeah but how how is  how risky is it to trust like speech recognition or gesture recognition ?

For limited vocabulary speech recognition is very reliable and for s limited vocabulary gesture recognition is also very


Yeah but how how is  how risky is it to trust like speech recognition or gesture recognition ?

For limited vocabulary speech recognition is very reliable and for s limited vocabulary gesture recognition is also very


For limited vocabulary speech recognition is very reliable and for s limited vocabulary gesture recognition is also very

Yeah , but suppose you have a family watching T_V_ , and if they want to use their private remote control in the same time , do you think it will work ? Everybody wanting to change channel in the same time ?


Yeah , but suppose you have a family watching T_V_ , and if they want to use their private remote control in the same time , do you think it will work ? Everybody wanting to change channel in the same time ?


Yeah , but suppose you have a family watching T_V_ , and if they want to use their private remote control in the same time , do you think it will work ? Everybody wanting to change channel in the same time ?

But this this  but this would never happen anyway.


But this this  but this would never happen anyway.


But this this  but this would never happen anyway.

Yeah , they cannot speak at the same time.


Yeah , they cannot speak at the same time.


Yeah , they cannot speak at the same time.

and they want to watch their favourite uh T_V_ programme ,


and they want to watch their favourite uh T_V_ programme ,


and they want to watch their favourite uh T_V_ programme ,

so they say oh channel four channel three channel four channel three all the time ,


so they say oh channel four channel three channel four channel three all the time ,


but the same can happen even with it you know this kind of remote control


but you have the remote control , so maybe you can keep it f with you.


but you have the remote control , so maybe you can keep it f with you.

You're not you're not obliged to share it.


but you have the remote control , so maybe you can keep it f with you.

You're not you're not obliged to share it.

Oh , okay , okay , you mean it could be a problem for this kind of stuff.


You're not you're not obliged to share it.

Oh , okay , okay , you mean it could be a problem for this kind of stuff.


You're not you're not obliged to share it.

Oh , okay , okay , you mean it could be a problem for this kind of stuff.

Yeah , that's that's the advantage of intelligent controller. Even you h you have the controller , I can  I can say channel three ,


Oh , okay , okay , you mean it could be a problem for this kind of stuff.

Yeah , that's that's the advantage of intelligent controller. Even you h you have the controller , I can  I can say channel three ,


Yeah , that's that's the advantage of intelligent controller. Even you h you have the controller , I can  I can say channel three ,


No , but this is disadvant disadvantage.


And mayb maybe we can have the switching mode to pass from you know voice controller to


Yeah. Because I suppose we need to do research to have something working.


No no we just um have some cooperation with some research institute , we don't have to do some basic research on this field.


No no we just um have some cooperation with some research institute , we don't have to do some basic research on this field.

So you think it won't cost an  Not a lot for us ? Or ?


No no we just um have some cooperation with some research institute , we don't have to do some basic research on this field.

So you think it won't cost an  Not a lot for us ? Or ?

Yeah , I think it's uh  because uh this technology is uh um for limited wor or limited wor uh lexical recognition , it's very


So you think it won't cost an  Not a lot for us ? Or ?

Yeah , I think it's uh  because uh this technology is uh um for limited wor or limited wor uh lexical recognition , it's very


Yeah , I think it's uh  because uh this technology is uh um for limited wor or limited wor uh lexical recognition , it's very

But it's it's changing how the remote control is gonna be built. Because then you need uh  I mean this doesn't have uh the power to do recognition , for example.


But it's it's changing how the remote control is gonna be built. Because then you need uh  I mean this doesn't have uh the power to do recognition , for example.

Well y y you have also the language problem ,


But it's it's changing how the remote control is gonna be built. Because then you need uh  I mean this doesn't have uh the power to do recognition , for example.

Well y y you have also the language problem ,

No it's uh  Even for the f um because the the vocabulary  the


Well y y you have also the language problem ,

No it's uh  Even for the f um because the the vocabulary  the


No it's uh  Even for the f um because the the vocabulary  the


The vocabulary is very small , so that's not a problem.


The vocabulary is very small , so that's not a problem.

Yeah , but there is one problem that uh Baba talked about is the international


Yeah , but there is one problem that uh Baba talked about is the international


Yeah , but there is one problem that uh Baba talked about is the international

remote control. We need something that is international. Suppose we're  we want to sell it in France.


remote control. We need something that is international. Suppose we're  we want to sell it in France.


remote control. We need something that is international. Suppose we're  we want to sell it in France.

The recognition system will be able to understand French. If you want to go to England , it will be able to understand English ,


The recognition system will be able to understand French. If you want to go to England , it will be able to understand English ,


The recognition system will be able to understand French. If you want to go to England , it will be able to understand English ,

Yeah , the key , the key um the key of our  the key feature of our controller is that it's it has some some um adaptation


Yeah , the key , the key um the key of our  the key feature of our controller is that it's it has some some um adaptation

Yeah , this could be downloaded by the web maybe , or


Yeah , the key , the key um the key of our  the key feature of our controller is that it's it has some some um adaptation

Yeah , this could be downloaded by the web maybe , or

mechanism. It's It's it means when you when you sell this controller in China it's can recognise Chinese. It's r if you sell this controller in France it can recognise French.


Yeah , this could be downloaded by the web maybe , or

mechanism. It's It's it means when you when you sell this controller in China it's can recognise Chinese. It's r if you sell this controller in France it can recognise French.

It's a very smart , it's a very smart controller maybe


mechanism. It's It's it means when you when you sell this controller in China it's can recognise Chinese. It's r if you sell this controller in France it can recognise French.

It's a very smart , it's a very smart controller maybe


It's a very smart , it's a very smart controller maybe


And with no increase in the pri production price of the remote control ?


And with no increase in the pri production price of the remote control ?

Because of this product uh this technology has already been developed.


Because of this product uh this technology has already been developed.


Because of this product uh this technology has already been developed.

Yeah but the problem is how to s you know if this is a push button controller , you can send this con this remote control everywhere in the world , the same one.


Yeah but the problem is how to s you know if this is a push button controller , you can send this con this remote control everywhere in the world , the same one.


Yeah but the problem is how to s you know if this is a push button controller , you can send this con this remote control everywhere in the world , the same one.

If you have the language , you have to develop for each country.


If you have the language , you have to develop for each country.

Oh n Yeah , yeah tha that's why we have to do language adaptation.


If you have the language , you have to develop for each country.

Oh n Yeah , yeah tha that's why we have to do language adaptation.

Yeah , but for each country you have to do one ,


Oh n Yeah , yeah tha that's why we have to do language adaptation.

Yeah , but for each country you have to do one ,


Yeah , but for each country you have to do one ,

Even for each f for even for different family we have to do d yeah we would we have to do adaptation to


Even for each f for even for different family we have to do d yeah we would we have to do adaptation to


we have to take care of the twelve Euros


we have to take care of the twelve Euros

And what about voice recognition , do we have microphones ?


we have to take care of the twelve Euros

And what about voice recognition , do we have microphones ?

And where will be they ? Do you think if we're far from television it will work ?


And what about voice recognition , do we have microphones ?

And where will be they ? Do you think if we're far from television it will work ?

No no no it's not  I think that's n that's not a problem because you you don't have to wear a microphone. It it just  the microphone is embedded in the controller.


And where will be they ? Do you think if we're far from television it will work ?

No no no it's not  I think that's n that's not a problem because you you don't have to wear a microphone. It it just  the microphone is embedded in the controller.


No no no it's not  I think that's n that's not a problem because you you don't have to wear a microphone. It it just  the microphone is embedded in the controller.


here it's uh an object. But here you say you want to use i uh s technology.


here it's uh an object. But here you say you want to use i uh s technology.

Yeah. Yeah you can you can embed it uh microphone here.


here it's uh an object. But here you say you want to use i uh s technology.

Yeah. Yeah you can you can embed it uh microphone here.

Yeah , but wha what is the use of voice or gesture recognition if you have a remote control li like this , if you have an object. If you want to use voice or gesture you need to be free , without any object.


Yeah. Yeah you can you can embed it uh microphone here.

Yeah , but wha what is the use of voice or gesture recognition if you have a remote control li like this , if you have an object. If you want to use voice or gesture you need to be free , without any object.


Yeah , but wha what is the use of voice or gesture recognition if you have a remote control li like this , if you have an object. If you want to use voice or gesture you need to be free , without any object.

You just want to interact with television.


Yeah , but wha what is the use of voice or gesture recognition if you have a remote control li like this , if you have an object. If you want to use voice or gesture you need to be free , without any object.

You just want to interact with television.

Yeah yeah just  you just put the controller here , then you


You just want to interact with television.

Yeah yeah just  you just put the controller here , then you

I if you say one , he switch to channel ,


Yeah yeah just  you just put the controller here , then you

I if you say one , he switch to channel ,


I if you say one , he switch to channel ,


So well for example if it is somewhere in the room if i maybe if it is in the table there you can always say s channel one and the t the remote control gives the order to the T_V_ to switch to channel one.


So well for example if it is somewhere in the room if i maybe if it is in the table there you can always say s channel one and the t the remote control gives the order to the T_V_ to switch to channel one.

Okay you  so you can build a kind of black box


Okay you  so you can build a kind of black box

and put it on T_V_ and just to recognize gestures and voice.


and put it on T_V_ and just to recognize gestures and voice.

Yeah. Yeah. Yeah but so you need a camera and you know a microphone  inside your remote control.


Yeah. Yeah. Yeah but so you need a camera and you know a microphone  inside your remote control.


Yeah. Yeah. Yeah but so you need a camera and you know a microphone  inside your remote control.

But you would still have the buttons. Or is it  do you think it should be only voice recognition and gesture recognition ? Or you you still have the possibility to use buttons ?


But you would still have the buttons. Or is it  do you think it should be only voice recognition and gesture recognition ? Or you you still have the possibility to use buttons ?

think it  we should give the uh flexibility to the user and we think


think it  we should give the uh flexibility to the user and we think


You can see  they can switch form one modality to another.


But I think that , you know , switching from one country to to another will be a problem , so  although y y


But I think that , you know , switching from one country to to another will be a problem , so  although y y

Well , if you do language adaptation , there should be no problem.


Well , if you do language adaptation , there should be no problem.


We should have confidence in technology.


We should have confidence in technology.

Hmm. So , what do you think ? We'll try the controllers you'd prefer.


Hmm. So , what do you think ? We'll try the controllers you'd prefer.


Hmm. So , what do you think ? We'll try the controllers you'd prefer.

Which kind of controller would you prefer to use , you as a remote control user ?


Which kind of controller would you prefer to use , you as a remote control user ?

If if  I mean , uh I'm sure if the user pays the same price , he's happy to have recognition.


If if  I mean , uh I'm sure if the user pays the same price , he's happy to have recognition.


I think he need a control that is very reliable ,


I think he need a control that is very reliable ,

So I think it would be better not to do any intelligent controller and to stay with the Google controller or a fancy controller. Maybe try to mix the Google controller and the fancy controller ? Hmm ?


So I think it would be better not to do any intelligent controller and to stay with the Google controller or a fancy controller. Maybe try to mix the Google controller and the fancy controller ? Hmm ?


So I think it would be better not to do any intelligent controller and to stay with the Google controller or a fancy controller. Maybe try to mix the Google controller and the fancy controller ? Hmm ?

Just want to have something  controller which is in a kind of intelligent controller , easy to use , sophisticated and fancy. You think it's possible ?


So I think it would be better not to do any intelligent controller and to stay with the Google controller or a fancy controller. Maybe try to mix the Google controller and the fancy controller ? Hmm ?

Just want to have something  controller which is in a kind of intelligent controller , easy to use , sophisticated and fancy. You think it's possible ?

Yeah but if if you stick to um  stick to the first two parts. So what's the difference between our controller with other products in the market ? There's no k features of our controller , so is there is there any necessary to design new controller without any breakthrough features ?


Just want to have something  controller which is in a kind of intelligent controller , easy to use , sophisticated and fancy. You think it's possible ?

Yeah but if if you stick to um  stick to the first two parts. So what's the difference between our controller with other products in the market ? There's no k features of our controller , so is there is there any necessary to design new controller without any breakthrough features ?


Yeah but if if you stick to um  stick to the first two parts. So what's the difference between our controller with other products in the market ? There's no k features of our controller , so is there is there any necessary to design new controller without any breakthrough features ?

Would y would you replace your controller with a controller with similar function if you do not have some some function inside it that


Would y would you replace your controller with a controller with similar function if you do not have some some function inside it that


Would y would you replace your controller with a controller with similar function if you do not have some some function inside it that

we can add for example some function like for browsing in internet , so  or something like that. But uh I think a user need


we can add for example some function like for browsing in internet , so  or something like that. But uh I think a user need

Yeah , you y that's a fun that's not the function of the controller , that's a function of T_V_. You can replace your T_V_ with a new T_V_ with internet browsing function ,


Yeah , you y that's a fun that's not the function of the controller , that's a function of T_V_. You can replace your T_V_ with a new T_V_ with internet browsing function ,

but you need you need new remote controller then. Because if you wanna browse internet or , I don't know , if you wanna type something ,


but you need you need new remote controller then. Because if you wanna browse internet or , I don't know , if you wanna type something ,


But it's not the  only the problem  only the issue of controller , it's it's also the issue of the T_V_.


But it's not the  only the problem  only the issue of controller , it's it's also the issue of the T_V_.

Because the p the problem I can see with with the voice or the gesture itself wh what can happen in a family i i for example if


Because the p the problem I can see with with the voice or the gesture itself wh what can happen in a family i i for example if

Yeah , but we do we do we we we cannot rely one hundred percent on these features to u to use the controller ,


Yeah , but we do we do we we we cannot rely one hundred percent on these features to u to use the controller ,


Yeah , but we do we do we we we cannot rely one hundred percent on these features to u to use the controller ,

but with the features of our controller such as you have the feature of voice recognition in your mobile but you seldom use it , your mobile , but you when you choose a new mobile , you choose the one with voice recognition.


but with the features of our controller such as you have the feature of voice recognition in your mobile but you seldom use it , your mobile , but you when you choose a new mobile , you choose the one with voice recognition.


the feature is not one hundred percent reliable , but it's a feature to distinguish our product from our  from other products.


the feature is not one hundred percent reliable , but it's a feature to distinguish our product from our  from other products.

Yeah , but w we we want something th that works all the time , every day , every hour , for everyone.


Yeah , but w we we want something th that works all the time , every day , every hour , for everyone.

And for all the person of the family maybe ,


And for all the person of the family maybe ,


Yeah , if if if if you're if you ar if you already have a product it works one hundred percent reliable , would you replace it with another one ?


you say we would we would to have a Google-like controller.


you say we would we would to have a Google-like controller.

I don't see how adding speech or gesture recognition would make the remote control look more like Google. Google is  is simple , works fine ,


I don't see how adding speech or gesture recognition would make the remote control look more like Google. Google is  is simple , works fine ,

so I I guess if can have a remote control that is really basic , simple and works fine , it's already a lot.


I don't see how adding speech or gesture recognition would make the remote control look more like Google. Google is  is simple , works fine ,

so I I guess if can have a remote control that is really basic , simple and works fine , it's already a lot.

Yeah. Oh yes , but there's no big difference between the traditional controller.


so I I guess if can have a remote control that is really basic , simple and works fine , it's already a lot.

Yeah. Oh yes , but there's no big difference between the traditional controller.

Uh thi this  I mean , the user is not only interested in having speech or gesture recognition


Yeah. Oh yes , but there's no big difference between the traditional controller.

Uh thi this  I mean , the user is not only interested in having speech or gesture recognition


Uh thi this  I mean , the user is not only interested in having speech or gesture recognition


if he has something that works fine and is really  fancy , looks nice and it's easy easy to use , easy to use.


if he has something that works fine and is really  fancy , looks nice and it's easy easy to use , easy to use.

But the there's there's n there's n not enough motivation for them to replace their old controller with a new one if there's no key feature in the new controller.


But the there's there's n there's n not enough motivation for them to replace their old controller with a new one if there's no key feature in the new controller.


yeah. I mean , I I know it's more interesting to develop a remote controller with speech and gesture and whatever.


yeah. I mean , I I know it's more interesting to develop a remote controller with speech and gesture and whatever.

But you have to think , the user is the one who gonna buy the product


But you have to think , the user is the one who gonna buy the product


Maybe we'll be able to take a decision after that , so.


Can you go to the  next one ? I uh  it's not this one.


Can you go to the  next one ? I uh  it's not this one.

It's the working design. Sorry.  Component design.


It's the working design. Sorry.  Component design.


It's the working design. Sorry.  Component design.

So this yeah  so this is the described use


So this yeah  so this is the described use

Uh I think there's something wrong with your


So this yeah  so this is the described use

Uh I think there's something wrong with your

It did didn't r receive it. Didn't receive it.


Uh I think there's something wrong with your

It did didn't r receive it. Didn't receive it.


It did didn't r receive it. Didn't receive it.


Oh. Maybe I record recorded directly on the  Computer.


It seems that we have a problem with the


It seems that we have a problem with the

I dunno if you remember what you had to say or


I dunno if you remember what you had to say or


No , I think it will be more interesting to start with uh


No , I think it will be more interesting to start with uh

uh to Frahan. With Frahan , then you can prepare your slides ,


No , I think it will be more interesting to start with uh

uh to Frahan. With Frahan , then you can prepare your slides ,

I think it's more interesting what he says ,


uh to Frahan. With Frahan , then you can prepare your slides ,

I think it's more interesting what he says ,


I think it's more interesting what he says ,


I think it will be interesting after your presentation to have um Baba's presentation.


I s because i in my presentation I don't have here with


I s because i in my presentation I don't have here with

so  It was in fact the design use to show you the design of what is inside a what is inside and what are the different component of the r


so  It was in fact the design use to show you the design of what is inside a what is inside and what are the different component of the r

of the remote control. So it will be interesting so I could show you some some picture of what is inside


of the remote control. So it will be interesting so I could show you some some picture of what is inside

and  so. So I  in fact the the  f something I want to discuss is which kind of material are we going to use ,


and  so. So I  in fact the the  f something I want to discuss is which kind of material are we going to use ,

so will  it will be wooden wooden di wooden remote control or a a plastic remote control like this one. So and  in which which which kind will be the the different bu button ,


so will  it will be wooden wooden di wooden remote control or a a plastic remote control like this one. So and  in which which which kind will be the the different bu button ,

so it can be some , you know , classic pushbutton like this one , or you have also some button like L_C_D_ where you know , the button the buttons are unlighted during the night ,


so it can be some , you know , classic pushbutton like this one , or you have also some button like L_C_D_ where you know , the button the buttons are unlighted during the night ,


so it can be some , you know , classic pushbutton like this one , or you have also some button like L_C_D_ where you know , the button the buttons are unlighted during the night ,

or , you know , you can see them in the darkness.


or , you know , you can see them in the darkness.


or , you know , you can see them in the darkness.

And the other thing I want to discuss also is which kind of alimentation , electric alimentation do you want to have , so will it be for example uh d uh solar energy alimentation


And the other thing I want to discuss also is which kind of alimentation , electric alimentation do you want to have , so will it be for example uh d uh solar energy alimentation


And the other thing I want to discuss also is which kind of alimentation , electric alimentation do you want to have , so will it be for example uh d uh solar energy alimentation

or will it be a battery like the classical battery so. And I think that for example for the alimentation it would be good to have uh both of them , so so for example in some country where you are in the the countryside and you are far from , you know , the cities uh for example in some place in in S Senegal , so if you have electric if you have solar alimentation , you just , when you want to have recharger or remote control power you just put it on the sun and after one hour you can come


or will it be a battery like the classical battery so. And I think that for example for the alimentation it would be good to have uh both of them , so so for example in some country where you are in the the countryside and you are far from , you know , the cities uh for example in some place in in S Senegal , so if you have electric if you have solar alimentation , you just , when you want to have recharger or remote control power you just put it on the sun and after one hour you can come

and  so it can be interesting for people to have this kind of remote con It can be something interesting to make people buy it , for example.


or will it be a battery like the classical battery so. And I think that for example for the alimentation it would be good to have uh both of them , so so for example in some country where you are in the the countryside and you are far from , you know , the cities uh for example in some place in in S Senegal , so if you have electric if you have solar alimentation , you just , when you want to have recharger or remote control power you just put it on the sun and after one hour you can come

and  so it can be interesting for people to have this kind of remote con It can be something interesting to make people buy it , for example.

Yeah , I think it's an added value to the remote control


and  so it can be interesting for people to have this kind of remote con It can be something interesting to make people buy it , for example.

Yeah , I think it's an added value to the remote control


and  so it can be interesting for people to have this kind of remote con It can be something interesting to make people buy it , for example.

Yeah , I think it's an added value to the remote control

and maybe it can attract all the ecological k yeah consumers


Yeah , I think it's an added value to the remote control

and maybe it can attract all the ecological k yeah consumers

Ecologists , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.


and maybe it can attract all the ecological k yeah consumers

Ecologists , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.


and maybe it can attract all the ecological k yeah consumers

Ecologists , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.

and but about the the price of adding this solar battery , would it be something really that will increase the price of production more ,


Ecologists , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah , yeah.

and but about the the price of adding this solar battery , would it be something really that will increase the price of production more ,


and but about the the price of adding this solar battery , would it be something really that will increase the price of production more ,

Alrigh In fact , having them both will  if we want to have battery , regular battery and and  the solar energy battery it could be  it'll it will add a little bit of the price ,


Alrigh In fact , having them both will  if we want to have battery , regular battery and and  the solar energy battery it could be  it'll it will add a little bit of the price ,

but it will be an added value also that will be compensated ,


but it will be an added value also that will be compensated ,


And what tha what about the uh materials ?


And what tha what about the uh materials ?

And the materials , it depends for example you  if you have a wooden material it can be more  the plastic material is more common


And what tha what about the uh materials ?

And the materials , it depends for example you  if you have a wooden material it can be more  the plastic material is more common

it's very resistant but , you know , something wooden will be like , I don't know high cl so a special high class ,


And the materials , it depends for example you  if you have a wooden material it can be more  the plastic material is more common

it's very resistant but , you know , something wooden will be like , I don't know high cl so a special high class ,


it's very resistant but , you know , something wooden will be like , I don't know high cl so a special high class ,


Yeah , and i if you  we want to put fashion in electronics maybe we can try to do something with wood.


Yeah , and i if you  we want to put fashion in electronics maybe we can try to do something with wood.

Yeah , even if it is not completely wood , but just a part of the , you know , will be wooden , in wood


Yeah , even if it is not completely wood , but just a part of the , you know , will be wooden , in wood


And so the last point is y also would do you want to have some very cheap integrated cir circuits , chips , or do you have low level or or very very expensive , it depends , but I think that low level will be , you know , it is an interim module.


And so the last point is y also would do you want to have some very cheap integrated cir circuits , chips , or do you have low level or or very very expensive , it depends , but I think that low level will be , you know , it is an interim module.

Yeah , we want something easy to use and  so I think maybe something very low level wou would be enough.


Yeah , we want something easy to use and  so I think maybe something very low level wou would be enough.

Yeah , I think it will fit on the price we want , twel twelve Euros ,


Yeah , I think it will fit on the price we want , twel twelve Euros ,


I think the buttons I pr I prefer , you know , the L_C_D_ you know  lighted buttons because , you know , it's  I don't know  um yeah , in the dark , it's fashion


I think the buttons I pr I prefer , you know , the L_C_D_ you know  lighted buttons because , you know , it's  I don't know  um yeah , in the dark , it's fashion

and it's related to how beautiful it is or uh if you want to watch T_V_ in the darkness or if you want to lo find your find your your remote control that is lost , you know in the darkness it's very easy so , right.


I think the buttons I pr I prefer , you know , the L_C_D_ you know  lighted buttons because , you know , it's  I don't know  um yeah , in the dark , it's fashion

and it's related to how beautiful it is or uh if you want to watch T_V_ in the darkness or if you want to lo find your find your your remote control that is lost , you know in the darkness it's very easy so , right.

What about the touch scr touch screen ? For example. It's it's expensive I I guess.


and it's related to how beautiful it is or uh if you want to watch T_V_ in the darkness or if you want to lo find your find your your remote control that is lost , you know in the darkness it's very easy so , right.

What about the touch scr touch screen ? For example. It's it's expensive I I guess.

I think a touch screen  will be t as expensive as the L_C_D_ buttons so.


What about the touch scr touch screen ? For example. It's it's expensive I I guess.

I think a touch screen  will be t as expensive as the L_C_D_ buttons so.

But  And it is a kind of other design , I mean. It can also be interesting to have this kind of


I think a touch screen  will be t as expensive as the L_C_D_ buttons so.

But  And it is a kind of other design , I mean. It can also be interesting to have this kind of


But  And it is a kind of other design , I mean. It can also be interesting to have this kind of


But  And it is a kind of other design , I mean. It can also be interesting to have this kind of

I dunno.  I think we have only   uh five minutes left.


I dunno.  I think we have only   uh five minutes left.


I dunno.  I think we have only   uh five minutes left.

Participant four ? Functional requirements ?


Participant four ? Functional requirements ?


Participant four ? Functional requirements ?

Yeah. Uh , I think so , just  Yeah , so just to meet the user requirements I would just do a s short anal analysis of the remote control market and to kind of um have a better overview of what's the fashion in general I've checked more than only the remote control market , so next.


Yeah. Uh , I think so , just  Yeah , so just to meet the user requirements I would just do a s short anal analysis of the remote control market and to kind of um have a better overview of what's the fashion in general I've checked more than only the remote control market , so next.

So again , it's pretty much similar to what I've said in the previous meeting. Um user really really want a fancy look and feel. They're not so so interested in uh functional look and feel , okay. Like the one you've shown , David , with all the buttons and  I mean  i i it sounds good technically


So again , it's pretty much similar to what I've said in the previous meeting. Um user really really want a fancy look and feel. They're not so so interested in uh functional look and feel , okay. Like the one you've shown , David , with all the buttons and  I mean  i i it sounds good technically

but it's it's not what they want and uh  So , second point is they still want it it to be technologically innovative , so maybe it's sort of related to what you've said with the speech recognition and so on.


but it's it's not what they want and uh  So , second point is they still want it it to be technologically innovative , so maybe it's sort of related to what you've said with the speech recognition and so on.


but it's it's not what they want and uh  So , second point is they still want it it to be technologically innovative , so maybe it's sort of related to what you've said with the speech recognition and so on.

At the same time , it's important that it's easy to use. So that were the three first points from the remote control uh analysis.


but it's it's not what they want and uh  So , second point is they still want it it to be technologically innovative , so maybe it's sort of related to what you've said with the speech recognition and so on.

At the same time , it's important that it's easy to use. So that were the three first points from the remote control uh analysis.

Now i if we look at fashion in general um  Okay. Wha what we really see this year is that uh everything from clothes to shoes and furniture is is inspired by fruits and vegetables ,


At the same time , it's important that it's easy to use. So that were the three first points from the remote control uh analysis.

Now i if we look at fashion in general um  Okay. Wha what we really see this year is that uh everything from clothes to shoes and furniture is is inspired by fruits and vegetables ,


At the same time , it's important that it's easy to use. So that were the three first points from the remote control uh analysis.

Now i if we look at fashion in general um  Okay. Wha what we really see this year is that uh everything from clothes to shoes and furniture is is inspired by fruits and vegetables ,

okay , so I think we really have to take this into account for the design of the the thing.


Now i if we look at fashion in general um  Okay. Wha what we really see this year is that uh everything from clothes to shoes and furniture is is inspired by fruits and vegetables ,

okay , so I think we really have to take this into account for the design of the the thing.


okay , so I think we really have to take this into account for the design of the the thing.

'Cause it's it's really what people want. Even if it's in general fashion , we want it to be in the remote control. And then uh if if we take the ordering or the ranking of all the points , fancy look and feel has , on a score of seven would have six as importance. Uh the remote control has to be technologically innovative , it's three. Then easy to use uh it's not so important actually with respect to other y other ones.


'Cause it's it's really what people want. Even if it's in general fashion , we want it to be in the remote control. And then uh if if we take the ordering or the ranking of all the points , fancy look and feel has , on a score of seven would have six as importance. Uh the remote control has to be technologically innovative , it's three. Then easy to use uh it's not so important actually with respect to other y other ones.

So we see fancy look an look and feel is the most important one , and then if we combine this with the fashion uh from Milan and Paris


So we see fancy look an look and feel is the most important one , and then if we combine this with the fashion uh from Milan and Paris

we go to the fruits and vede vegetables. And the other point I haven't mention is people wan want to have a spongy touch ,


we go to the fruits and vede vegetables. And the other point I haven't mention is people wan want to have a spongy touch ,

okay so this is this maybe doesn't really fit with the wooden design.


okay so this is this maybe doesn't really fit with the wooden design.


okay so this is this maybe doesn't really fit with the wooden design.

Yeah , but the problem is which kind of material do you need to to be spongy ?


Yeah , but the problem is which kind of material do you need to to be spongy ?


Yeah , but the problem is which kind of material do you need to to be spongy ?

plastic-like , but rubber , mayb maybe , you know , rubber-like uh


plastic-like , but rubber , mayb maybe , you know , rubber-like uh

Very stuff  Okay , rubber rubber desi okay , yeah. Yeah.


Very stuff  Okay , rubber rubber desi okay , yeah. Yeah.

Okay , tha tha that was the main point , I think , from the trend in fashion.


Okay , tha tha that was the main point , I think , from the trend in fashion.


Right uh. So um. So where's the PowerPoint presentation ? Sorry ? Microsoft PowerPoint , right. Right , okay. So. Right. Okay , so we've got uh so we've got new project requirements. Um. So basically we've got three things , and we've got forty minutes in which to uh  for this meeting to uh to discuss the various options. Um. Three presentations.

We have a  I guess we have a presentation each , 'cause I've got one. Um.


We have a  I guess we have a presentation each , 'cause I've got one. Um.


That's nice to know , one from each of you. Um new project requirements. Um so do we want to do the presentation first , or do we want to um  W I I got um  or or three things basically , um relating to the remote being only for T_V_. We discussed that last time


That's nice to know , one from each of you. Um new project requirements. Um so do we want to do the presentation first , or do we want to um  W I I got um  or or three things basically , um relating to the remote being only for T_V_. We discussed that last time

and in actual fact that was pr pretty well what we came up with anyway.


and in actual fact that was pr pretty well what we came up with anyway.

So in fact it actually f we won't be forestalled  in a sense.


So in fact it actually f we won't be forestalled  in a sense.

Um we've got uh teletext outdated. Um did you get any information on that ?


Um we've got uh teletext outdated. Um did you get any information on that ?


Um we've got uh teletext outdated. Um did you get any information on that ?

Right and the corporate image was the uh final thing.


Right and the corporate image was the uh final thing.


Um. Right okay. So I guess if we go ahead with the uh with the three presentations. So we'll start with yourself on the basis that uh


Um. Right okay. So I guess if we go ahead with the uh with the three presentations. So we'll start with yourself on the basis that uh

Okay that's fine. I'll just um I'll grab the wire out the back of this one.


Okay that's fine. I'll just um I'll grab the wire out the back of this one.


I think you've got to do um control F_ eight.


I think you've got to do um control F_ eight.

Control   Doesn't seem to be quite working at the moment.


I think you've got to do um control F_ eight.

Control   Doesn't seem to be quite working at the moment.

Alt function F_ eight.  Again not doing anything.


Control   Doesn't seem to be quite working at the moment.

Alt function F_ eight.  Again not doing anything.

There's usually a little thing in the top right for the


Alt function F_ eight.  Again not doing anything.

There's usually a little thing in the top right for the


There's usually a little thing in the top right for the


Okay , that's me . Okay , um I have to go  again.


Okay , that's me . Okay , um I have to go  again.

Hopefully that should be it this time. Okay , I think we're there. That's good. Okay , um  Okay I'm gonna be looking at the working design. Um  of the of the remote control. Um I've just got three sections , first is the research I made on the on the remote control itself um. And then that involves the components required in it and the systems uh design of the actual the actual remote. Um so having researched the existing models within the market , um I found my research off the internet. Um I've established what the components required for the remote control to function , actually are. And then also the methods in which these components interact together for the remote to actually do what you want it to do and how it connects with the television. Um the basic components are an energy source which I guess um in most existing models would be a battery supply. Whether that'll be sort of two batteries , four batteries , um it may vary.


Hopefully that should be it this time. Okay , I think we're there. That's good. Okay , um  Okay I'm gonna be looking at the working design. Um  of the of the remote control. Um I've just got three sections , first is the research I made on the on the remote control itself um. And then that involves the components required in it and the systems uh design of the actual the actual remote. Um so having researched the existing models within the market , um I found my research off the internet. Um I've established what the components required for the remote control to function , actually are. And then also the methods in which these components interact together for the remote to actually do what you want it to do and how it connects with the television. Um the basic components are an energy source which I guess um in most existing models would be a battery supply. Whether that'll be sort of two batteries , four batteries , um it may vary.

We then have the user interface , which is basically the like the the buttons on the actual remote. Um the various functions used for changing channel , uh channel up and down , volume , things like that. Um there's also a chip inside the remote which does all the computer type things. And then the sender , which um is usually , I've found , an infra-red device which sends a signal to the actual television. Um and the last part is receiver which is important in the system but is not actually part of the remote itself , because that's obviously found in the television. . Um I'm gonna have to actually draw on the board because uh it was a little tricky on PowerPoint to get this working , so. I'll just go through there. S um um do we have a cloth to wipe this down with , or ? Oh I'll j


Hopefully that should be it this time. Okay , I think we're there. That's good. Okay , um  Okay I'm gonna be looking at the working design. Um  of the of the remote control. Um I've just got three sections , first is the research I made on the on the remote control itself um. And then that involves the components required in it and the systems uh design of the actual the actual remote. Um so having researched the existing models within the market , um I found my research off the internet. Um I've established what the components required for the remote control to function , actually are. And then also the methods in which these components interact together for the remote to actually do what you want it to do and how it connects with the television. Um the basic components are an energy source which I guess um in most existing models would be a battery supply. Whether that'll be sort of two batteries , four batteries , um it may vary.

We then have the user interface , which is basically the like the the buttons on the actual remote. Um the various functions used for changing channel , uh channel up and down , volume , things like that. Um there's also a chip inside the remote which does all the computer type things. And then the sender , which um is usually , I've found , an infra-red device which sends a signal to the actual television. Um and the last part is receiver which is important in the system but is not actually part of the remote itself , because that's obviously found in the television. . Um I'm gonna have to actually draw on the board because uh it was a little tricky on PowerPoint to get this working , so. I'll just go through there. S um um do we have a cloth to wipe this down with , or ? Oh I'll j

Uh there's the rubber on the right , I think.


We then have the user interface , which is basically the like the the buttons on the actual remote. Um the various functions used for changing channel , uh channel up and down , volume , things like that. Um there's also a chip inside the remote which does all the computer type things. And then the sender , which um is usually , I've found , an infra-red device which sends a signal to the actual television. Um and the last part is receiver which is important in the system but is not actually part of the remote itself , because that's obviously found in the television. . Um I'm gonna have to actually draw on the board because uh it was a little tricky on PowerPoint to get this working , so. I'll just go through there. S um um do we have a cloth to wipe this down with , or ? Oh I'll j

Uh there's the rubber on the right , I think.


We then have the user interface , which is basically the like the the buttons on the actual remote. Um the various functions used for changing channel , uh channel up and down , volume , things like that. Um there's also a chip inside the remote which does all the computer type things. And then the sender , which um is usually , I've found , an infra-red device which sends a signal to the actual television. Um and the last part is receiver which is important in the system but is not actually part of the remote itself , because that's obviously found in the television. . Um I'm gonna have to actually draw on the board because uh it was a little tricky on PowerPoint to get this working , so. I'll just go through there. S um um do we have a cloth to wipe this down with , or ? Oh I'll j

Uh there's the rubber on the right , I think.

Oh I see. Oh okay. I'll get rid of the bear.$


Uh there's the rubber on the right , I think.

Oh I see. Oh okay. I'll get rid of the bear.$


Oh I see. Oh okay. I'll get rid of the bear.$

Okay that's great. Okay , so we start off with a um battery suppl Uh no , a power supply which we'd probably get  it's probably gonna be the battery. Um we then have a particular button , which may be   that's obviously there's lots and lots of different buttons. Um but this is how the basic system works. Um that sends  after you press that that sends the message to the chip , which um then sends  It sort of interprets which button you've pressed and then sends the appropriate message to the sender.  Um. So that's . That's the remote in itself , that's the components of the remote and how they work together. So this is the uh user interface. Um this is the chip itself , which then  , and that's the that's the infra-red sender. And then on the separate thing we have on the on the television we have a a receiver. And the sender sends a message to the receiver. 'Kay.


Oh I see. Oh okay. I'll get rid of the bear.$

Okay that's great. Okay , so we start off with a um battery suppl Uh no , a power supply which we'd probably get  it's probably gonna be the battery. Um we then have a particular button , which may be   that's obviously there's lots and lots of different buttons. Um but this is how the basic system works. Um that sends  after you press that that sends the message to the chip , which um then sends  It sort of interprets which button you've pressed and then sends the appropriate message to the sender.  Um. So that's . That's the remote in itself , that's the components of the remote and how they work together. So this is the uh user interface. Um this is the chip itself , which then  , and that's the that's the infra-red sender. And then on the separate thing we have on the on the television we have a a receiver. And the sender sends a message to the receiver. 'Kay.

So the the top bit's the power source , yes ? .


Okay that's great. Okay , so we start off with a um battery suppl Uh no , a power supply which we'd probably get  it's probably gonna be the battery. Um we then have a particular button , which may be   that's obviously there's lots and lots of different buttons. Um but this is how the basic system works. Um that sends  after you press that that sends the message to the chip , which um then sends  It sort of interprets which button you've pressed and then sends the appropriate message to the sender.  Um. So that's . That's the remote in itself , that's the components of the remote and how they work together. So this is the uh user interface. Um this is the chip itself , which then  , and that's the that's the infra-red sender. And then on the separate thing we have on the on the television we have a a receiver. And the sender sends a message to the receiver. 'Kay.

So the the top bit's the power source , yes ? .

Ah yes , that's the power source. Um.  going on to personal preferences , I've said that battery seems the best option for the actual remote , just because of the size. You don't want a a cable attached to the remote otherwise it's not it's not really a remote. Um and then the sender ,


Okay that's great. Okay , so we start off with a um battery suppl Uh no , a power supply which we'd probably get  it's probably gonna be the battery. Um we then have a particular button , which may be   that's obviously there's lots and lots of different buttons. Um but this is how the basic system works. Um that sends  after you press that that sends the message to the chip , which um then sends  It sort of interprets which button you've pressed and then sends the appropriate message to the sender.  Um. So that's . That's the remote in itself , that's the components of the remote and how they work together. So this is the uh user interface. Um this is the chip itself , which then  , and that's the that's the infra-red sender. And then on the separate thing we have on the on the television we have a a receiver. And the sender sends a message to the receiver. 'Kay.

So the the top bit's the power source , yes ? .

Ah yes , that's the power source. Um.  going on to personal preferences , I've said that battery seems the best option for the actual remote , just because of the size. You don't want a a cable attached to the remote otherwise it's not it's not really a remote. Um and then the sender ,

and infra-red um has been used quite successfully. If the battery's on reasonable power , they always seem to work fairly well. You don't have to be point directly at the television itself.


So the the top bit's the power source , yes ? .

Ah yes , that's the power source. Um.  going on to personal preferences , I've said that battery seems the best option for the actual remote , just because of the size. You don't want a a cable attached to the remote otherwise it's not it's not really a remote. Um and then the sender ,

and infra-red um has been used quite successfully. If the battery's on reasonable power , they always seem to work fairly well. You don't have to be point directly at the television itself.


Ah yes , that's the power source. Um.  going on to personal preferences , I've said that battery seems the best option for the actual remote , just because of the size. You don't want a a cable attached to the remote otherwise it's not it's not really a remote. Um and then the sender ,

and infra-red um has been used quite successfully. If the battery's on reasonable power , they always seem to work fairly well. You don't have to be point directly at the television itself.

Um  Yes. 'Kay and that's it for the moment.


and infra-red um has been used quite successfully. If the battery's on reasonable power , they always seem to work fairly well. You don't have to be point directly at the television itself.

Um  Yes. 'Kay and that's it for the moment.


Um  Yes. 'Kay and that's it for the moment.


Um  Yes. 'Kay and that's it for the moment.

Right. Thank you. Mine's not quite as complicated as all that.


Right. Thank you. Mine's not quite as complicated as all that.


Right. Thank you. Mine's not quite as complicated as all that.

Is it control function ei Oh , th there you go.


Is it control function ei Oh , th there you go.

Oh. Um. Okay so I'm gonna talk a bit about the technical functions design. I'm Louisa , the User Interface Designer , as you know.  Um so the m basic method of this is to send a signal from the remote to the television set , so that a desired function is performed. Um an example of the function could be to change the volume up or down , uh so obviously you need two different buttons for that. Um to change the channel , either by pressing the number that you want or by channel up or down. Um to switch the television on or off , maybe a standby button. Um here are two example remotes. Um by the look of it they both have um kind of play and fast forward , rewind functions , so I think they incorporate a kind of video function which we won't have to worry about. Uh but as you can see , the left remote is quite um quite busy looking , quite complicated. Um whereas the right remote is much simpler , it looks much more user friendly. Um so my personal preference would be the right remote. So ,  it's got nice big buttons , it's got a very limited number of buttons. Um they're nice , kinda clearly labelled. Um I like the use of the kind of um symbols like the triangles and the squares and the arrows as well as the words on the um kind of play functions and all that. So it's very very user friendly , and it's got a little splash of colour. Could maybe do with some more colour. Um.