@Test
    void testEmptyQueueReturnsNoop() throws Exception {
        Method method = S3Storage.WALConfirmOffsetCalculator.class.getDeclaredMethod("calculate");
        method.setAccessible(true);
        long offset = (long) method.invoke(calculator);
        assertEquals(S3Storage.WALConfirmOffsetCalculator.NOOP_OFFSET, offset);
    }
WALConfirmOffsetCalculator - Test calculate() returns NOOP when queue is empty
s3stream/src/test/java/com/automq/stream/s3/S3StorageTest.java