text:
# Extended Supersymmetric Moduli Space and a SUSY/Non-SUSY Duality

 Title: Extended Supersymmetric Moduli Space and a SUSY/Non-SUSY Duality Author: Aganagic, Mina; Beem, Christopher; Seo, Jihye; Vafa, C. Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors. Citation: Aganagic, Mina, Christopher Beem, Jihye Seo and Cumrun Vafa. 2009. Extended supersymmetric moduli space and a SUSY/Non-SUSY duality. Nuclear Physics, Section B 822(1-2): 135-171. Full Text & Related Files: 0804.2489v2.pdf (421.4Kb; PDF) Abstract: We study $$\mathcal{N}$$=1 supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories coupled to an adjoint chiral field with superpotential. We consider the full supersymmetric moduli space of these theories obtained by adding all allowed chiral operators. These include higher-dimensional operators that introduce a field-dependence for the gauge coupling. We show how Feynman diagram/matrix model/string theoretic techniques can all be used to compute the IR glueball superpotential. Moreover, in the limit of turning off the superpotential, this leads to a deformation of $$\mathcal{N}$$=2 Seiberg-Witten theory. In the case where the superpotential drives the squared gauge coupling to a negative value, we find that supersymmetry is spontaneously broken, which can be viewed as a novel mechanism for breaking supersymmetry. We propose a new duality between a class of $$\mathcal{N}$$=1 supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories with field-dependent gauge couplings and a class of U(N) gauge theories where supersymmetry is softly broken by nonzero expectation values for auxiliary components of spurion superfields. Published Version: doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2009.07.011 Other Sources: http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.2489 Terms of Use: This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#OAP Citable link to this page: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:6897753 Downloads of this work:

format: plain


text:
# 4.4.1: Fluid in a Linearly Accelerated System

For example, in a two dimensional system, for the effective gravity
$g_{eff} = a\, \hat{i} + g\, \hat{k} \label{static:eq:geff2d} \tag{122}$
where the magnitude of the effective gravity is
$| g_{eff} | = \sqrt{g^2 + a^2} \label{static:eq:g_eff_mag} \tag{123}$
and the angle/direction can be obtained from
$tan \beta = \dfrac {a} {g} \label{static:eq:g_effAngle} \tag{124}$
Perhaps the best way to explain the linear acceleration is by examples. Consider the following example to illustrate the situation.

Example 4.9

Fig. 4.13 The effective gravity is for accelerated cart.

A tank filled with liquid is accelerated at a constant acceleration. When the acceleration is changing from the right to the left, what happened to the liquid surface? What is the relative angle of the liquid surface for a container in an accelerated system of $$a=5[m/sec]$$?

Solution 4.9

This question is one of the traditional question of the fluid static and is straight forward. The solution is obtained by finding the effective angle body force. The effective  angle is obtained by adding vectors. The change of the acceleration from the right to left is like subtracting vector (addition negative vector). This angle/direction can be found using the following
$\tan^{-1} \beta = \tan^{-1} \dfrac {a} {g} = \dfrac{5}{9.81} \sim 27.01^{\circ} \tag{125}$
The magnitude of the effective acceleration is
$\left|g_{eff}\right| = \sqrt{5^2 + 9.81^2} = 11.015 [m/sec^2] \tag{126}$

Fig. 4.14 A cart slide on inclined plane.

Example 4.10

A cart partially filled with liquid and is sliding on an inclined plane as shown in Figure 4.14. Calculate the shape of the surface. If there is a resistance, what will be the angle? What happen when the slope angle is straight (the cart is dropping straight down)?

Solution 4.10

$$\mathbf{a}$$
The angle can be found when the acceleration of the cart is found. If there is no resistance, the acceleration in the cart direction is determined from
$a = \mathbf{g} \sin \beta \label{static:eq:cartAcc} \tag{127}$
The effective body force is acting perpendicular to the slope. Thus, the liquid surface is parallel to the surface of the inclination surface.
$$\mathbf{b}$$
In case of resistance force (either of friction due to the air or resistance in the wheels) reduces the acceleration of the cart. In that case the effective body moves closer to the gravity forces. The net body force depends on the mass of the liquid and the net acceleration is
$a = \mathbf{g} - \dfrac{F_{net} }{m} \label{static:eq:aCartFnet} \tag{128}$
The angle of the surface, $$\alpha < \beta$$, is now
$\tan \alpha = \dfrac {\mathbf{g} - \dfrac{F_{net} }{m}} {\mathbf{g}\, cos{\beta}} \label{static:eq:FnetAngle} \tag{129}$

$$\mathbf{a}$$
The angle can be found when the acceleration of the cart is found. If there is no resistance, the acceleration in the cart direction is determined from
$a = \mathbf{g} \sin \beta \label{static:eq:cartAcc} \tag{127}$
The effective body force is acting perpendicular to the slope. Thus, the liquid surface is parallel to the surface of the inclination surface.
$$\mathbf{b}$$
In case of resistance force (either of friction due to the air or resistance in the wheels) reduces the acceleration of the cart. In that case the effective body moves closer to the gravity forces. The net body force depends on the mass of the liquid and the net acceleration is
$a = \mathbf{g} - \dfrac{F_{net} }{m} \label{static:eq:aCartFnet} \tag{128}$
The angle of the surface, $$\alpha < \beta$$, is now
$\tan \alpha = \dfrac {\mathbf{g} - \dfrac{F_{net} }{m}} {\mathbf{g}\, cos{\beta}} \label{static:eq:FnetAngle} \tag{129}$

Fig. 4.15 Forces diagram of cart sliding on inclined plane.

$$\mathbf{c}$$
In the case when the angle of the inclination turned to be straight (direct falling) the effective body force is zero. The pressure is uniform in the tank and no pressure difference can be found. So, the pressure at any point in the liquid is the same and equal to the atmospheric pressure.

### Contributors

• Dr. Genick Bar-Meir. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or later or Potto license.


text:
# Historically, mental health care was provided in institutions after a patient was "committed." This practice was...

###### Question:

Historically, mental health care was provided in institutions after a patient was "committed." This practice was changed as the result of the federal government suing states for the damage done to patients physically, mentally and regarding their freedom and rights. How do you describe state hospitals and sanitariums used for mental health care. write a 5-paragraph essay identifying three points of description.

#### Similar Solved Questions

##### Questions 3 & 4 For questions 1-4, refer to the image below. The box on the...
Questions 3 & 4 For questions 1-4, refer to the image below. The box on the left is 1 kg and the box on the right is 2,5 kg, 10 cm 30 cm 20 cm SO *A lever will always be quo ( What class of lever is this? 1a dos lever 12. This lever is not balanced. Which box (left or right) is producing more t...
##### Why do fingerprints offer an evolutionary advantage?
Why do fingerprints offer an evolutionary advantage?...
##### 4. Prove that the external measure is not "additive", in the sense that [0, 1]le <...
4. Prove that the external measure is not "additive", in the sense that [0, 1]le < Vle+ |[0, 1] \Vle. 5. Let 7(x) := lim sup fx(x). +00 Prove that, for every a € R, {7 > a} = UN U{n>a + m}: MENJEN...
##### 6. The assembly shown rotates about the rod AC. At the instant shown, the assembly has...
6. The assembly shown rotates about the rod AC. At the instant shown, the assembly has an angular velocity of 5 rad/s that is increasing with an angular acceleration of 25 rad/s2. Knowing that the y-component of the velocity of corner D is negative at this instant in time, determine the velocity and...
##### Using the tree you drew, give an example of sequential evolution of a defining character. Why...
Using the tree you drew, give an example of sequential evolution of a defining character. Why might this character have evolved? Answens -Porifera cnidana Animal Platyhelminthy mollweg Arthropoda Echinodermeta -Chordata - By this hypothefized clado grom we com say that chordata iq most advance ...
##### A) Jim Bob analyses a buffer solution and finds it to contain in one liter: 0.220...
a) Jim Bob analyses a buffer solution and finds it to contain in one liter: 0.220 moles of HA, and 0.430 moles of the conjugate base A-. If the Ka for the weak acid is 3.6 X 10-5. what is the pH of the buffer? b) Ephedrine (EP) is a weak acid, protonated amine which you take if you find yourself ove...
##### Wahlberg Company Income Statement For the Years Ended December 31 2020 2019 $1,811,500$1,752,200 1,008.900 982.000...
Wahlberg Company Income Statement For the Years Ended December 31 2020 2019 $1,811,500$1,752,200 1,008.900 982.000 802,600 770.200 518.600 472.800 Net sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Selling and administrative expenses Income from operations Other expenses and losses Interest expense Income b...


text:
## CryptoDB

### Paper: Direct Anonymous Attestation

Authors: Ernie Brickell Jan Camenisch Liqun Chen URL: http://eprint.iacr.org/2004/205 Search ePrint Search Google This paper describes the direct anonymous attestation scheme (DAA). This scheme was adopted by the Trusted Computing Group as the method for remote authentication of a hardware module, called trusted platform module (TPM), while preserving the privacy of the user of the platform that contains the module. Direct anonymous attestation can be seen as a group signature without the feature that a signature can be opened, i.e., the anonymity is not revocable. Moreover, DAA allows for pseudonyms, i.e., for each signature a user (in agreement with the recipient of the signature) can decide whether or not the signature should be linkable to another signature. DAA furthermore allows for detection of known'' keys: if the DAA secret keys are extracted from a TPM and published, a verifier can detect that a signature was produced using these secret keys. The scheme is provably secure in the random oracle model under the strong RSA and the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption.
##### BibTeX
@misc{eprint-2004-12177,
title={Direct Anonymous Attestation},
booktitle={IACR Eprint archive},
keywords={cryptographic protocols / digital signatures, privacy, group signatures},
url={http://eprint.iacr.org/2004/205},
note={Full version of ACM CCS 04 paper. jca@zurich.ibm.com 12650 received 20 Aug 2004},
author={Ernie Brickell and Jan Camenisch and Liqun Chen},
year=2004
}


text:
Volume 301 - 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017) - Session Cosmic-Ray Indirect. CRI-instrumentation EAS
Experimental complex for multi-component registration of the EAS in a wide energy range $(10^{15} - 10^{19} eV)$
I. Yashin,* M. Amelchakov, N. Barbashina, A. Bogdanov, A. Borisov, A. Chiavassa, D. Gromushkin, R. Fakhrutdinov, V. Kindin, S. Khokhlov, R. Kokoulin, K. Kompaniets, A. Kozhin, G. Mannocchi, A. Petrukhin, O. Saavedra, I. Shulzhenko, V. Shutenko, Y. Stenkin, G. Trinchero, E. Zadeba
*corresponding author
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: May 16, 2018
Published on: August 03, 2018
Abstract
The Experimental complex (EC) NEVOD includes a number of unique experimental facilities for studies of main components of cosmic rays on the Earth's surface. The complex is used for basic research of CR flux characteristics and their interactions in the energy range 1015 – 1019 eV. To extend the experimental capabilities nowadays new large-scale detectors are being deployed around the EC NEVOD: an array for the EAS registration (NEVOD-EAS), a detector of atmospheric neutrons (URAN) and a large-area coordinate-tracking detector (TREK). The description of experimental capabilities of the complex is given, and first results of simultaneous detection of various EAS components are discussed.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.301.0469
How to cite

Metadata are provided both in "article" format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in "proceeding" format which is more detailed and complete.

Open Access
Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike.


text:
SEARCH HOME
 Math Central Quandaries & Queries
 Question from Maggie, a student: The question says: Which set of ordered pairs can be used to graph y = -2x-1. A.(-5,9),(1,-3),(4,9) B. (-2,-5),(1,-1),(5,9) C.(-2,-5),(0,-1),(4,-3) D. (-5,9),(-2,3),(4,-9) I cannot figure it out. Could you help me?

Maggie,

The problem is saying that one of the three triples of points, A., B., C. or D. are all on the line $y = -2x - 1.$ Your challenge is to determine which triple. Let me try one. I am going to try A.

First point $(-5, 9):$ Substituting $-5 \mbox{ for } x$ gives me $y = (-2 \times -5) -1 = 10 - 1 = 9$ and hence $(-5, 9)$ is on the line.

Second point $(1, -3):$ Substituting $1 \mbox{ for } x$ gives me $y = (1 \times -5) -1 = -6$ and hence $(1, -3)$ is not on the line.

I don't need to check the third point because I am looking for the triple that has all its points on the line.

Now you try B., C. and D.

Penny

Math Central is supported by the University of Regina and The Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences.


text:
# If you depressurize an aircraft at FL340, will the temperature inside fall to match the temperature outside?

Assuming you’d have an oxygen mask on before hand, and you depressurized the aircraft at FL340, would the inside and outside temperatures quickly become the same?

• It depends on your definition of "quickly", and whether or not you continue pumping hot air, (albeit at significantly lower pressure) into the cabin. – Michael Hall Jan 17 at 17:52
• For those who didn't know what FL340 was, it seems to mean an altitude of 34,000 feet (measured by air pressure): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_level – Ben Crowell Jan 17 at 23:07
• @BenCrowell Yes, that's exactly what it means. It's a pressure altitude of 34,000 feet. – reirab Jan 17 at 23:14
• Are you thinking about the worst greek air disaster? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios_Airways_Flight_522 – EarlGrey Jan 18 at 0:51

This depends entirely on how you depressurized it.

Depressurizing the aircraft by fully opening the outflow valve will lower the temperature somewhat, but will not bring it to that outside.

The expansion process will be closest to free (Joule) expansion, which causes only small decrease in temperature, not an adiabatic one that corresponds to the atmospheric lapse rate. And while some energy will be lost through the air's initial expansion as it escapes, it will quickly be replaced by new warm air coming in through the packs (cabin pressurization and air conditioning system).

That air supply is quite reliable, as it's bled from engines at about $$200\ \mathrm{^\circ C}$$ – it then needs to be air-conditioned so as not to roast the passengers. The packs will automatically maintain set temperature, putting less effort into cooling the air if the cabin gets too cold.

If you also disable the engines, so no new air can come in, the airplane will lose some heat. Still, in all other regards, the fuselage will remain a well-insulated vessel with some heat sources on the inside. Also, the less-dense air is much less effective at heat transfer, and has much less heat capacity, so it will get chilly, but the passengers aren't going to freeze to death or even get a frostbite.

The heat capacity of air at ambient pressure will be about $$280\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{m}^3\cdot\mathrm{K}}$$. A 737 encloses about $$200\ \mathrm{m}^3$$, giving a total of $$56\ \frac{\mathrm{kJ}}{\mathrm{K}}$$. For comparison, the plane's passengers have a specific heat capacity of $$3.5\ \frac{\mathrm{kJ}}{\mathrm{kg}\cdot\mathrm{K}}$$, giving, for 120–160 of them, about $$40\ \frac{\mathrm{MJ}}{\mathrm{K}}$$. So a $$\sim70\ \mathrm{^\circ C}$$ one-time drop in air temperature can technically match the outside, but it can only cool the passengers by at most $$0.1\ \mathrm{^\circ C}$$.

In practice, the cooling won't be instant, and it has to compete with heat exchange with the still-warm interior. Passenger bodies producing $$12{-}18\ \mathrm{kW}$$ of waste heat (at rest) will also restore cabin air temperature by $$\sim1\ \mathrm{^\circ C}$$ every 4 seconds. The larger the hole, the lower the temperature minimum that will be reached. With a broken window, the effect of this one-time expansion heat loss will have been mostly undone before anyone notices it, amidst the chaos.

Tearing the top of the fuselage off, on the other hand, will most definitely let the passengers feel the cold outside. But it will be the powerful wind blowing in, not the air leaving the airplane, that will chill its interior.

Breaking a single window or making a lot of bullet holes (really a lot - it will take a crate of ammo to overcome the packs' air inflow) is about the same as fully opening the outflow valve. It will produce some cooling effect, but it will definitely not bring the interior to the outside temperature, as the cooling effect is one-time, and will be rapidly compensated for.

This kind of event has happened a few times in aviation history. It has caused some fatalities – a person sitting right next to the broken window has been killed by the mechanical force of the escaping air. No one has been frozen to death, not even in the Aloha Flight 243, which represents about the worst possible case for depressurization (which still leaves survivors and not just a debris field).

• @Bianfable The plane was turned into a landaulet, with winds free to ravage the interior, and getting scooped up by the remaining part of the fuselage. It's as bad as it gets while still allowing the plane to land (thanks to the cockpit staying enclosed). – Therac Jan 17 at 19:33
• What's a "pack(s)"? And can those, or any other part of a plane's HVAC system be run on the APU? And can the system provide heat with the engines off? – Mazura Jan 18 at 0:22
• @Mazura Integrated or packaged aircon system. And from the diagrams here, it looks like yes, the APU can supply them, though likely not enough for full performance. – SomeoneSomewhereSupportsMonica Jan 18 at 4:46
• @SomeoneSomewhereSupportsMonica, if the APU is running, it can feed the packs, but most APUs won't run at cruise altitude. – Jan Hudec Jan 21 at 12:15

Assuming the cabin is pressurized to a pressure equivalent of that at 8000ft, the initial pressure is on board is $$P_1$$ = 75262.4 Pa, and the temperature is T1 = 20ºC = 293.15K

At FL340, the outside pressure is $$P_2$$ = 24999 Pa.

Assuming we are talking about rapid decompression, there will be no significant heat transfer into or out of the gas during this process. We can thus approximate the temperature by using the laws of adiabatic cooling.

$$P^{(1-\gamma)}T^\gamma =$$ constant

Therefore:

$$T_2 = \sqrt[\gamma]{\frac{P_1^{(1-\gamma)}T^\gamma}{P_2^{(1-\gamma)}}}$$

With $$\gamma$$ = 1.4 for air.

Filling in the numbers will give $$T_2$$ = 213.96 K = -59.2ºC

The normal temperature at FL340 is about 222.8 K or -52.4ºC

After a rapid decompression, the temperature on board will thus be slightly below the outside temperature.

This sudden loss of temperature will cause moisture in the air to condensate into fog.

Since all the interior mass of the cabin is still at 20 degrees, the temperature will quickly rise again and the fog will disappear.

Here is a video of a rapid decompression in a pressure camber. Note the fog, and note how quickly the person passes out.

• Excellent explanation that caters to all levels of knowledge! – Michael Hall Jan 17 at 20:05
• Keep in mind that this is free expansion, as gas is not doing work against a piston. In free expansion, temperature change is minimal. A smaller hole is not completely free expansion, but much closer to it than it is to a heat engine cycle. – Therac Jan 17 at 20:05
• Note that the fog dissipates almost as quickly as it appeared though... – Jan Hudec Jan 17 at 20:38
• @JanHudec I guess that is because the fog is very good at catching IR radiation. Since the walls don"t cool down, there is plenty of heat transfer into the fog and since there is very little mass in the air, it warms up very quickly again. – DeltaLima Jan 17 at 21:27
• The part I noticed in that video was how much difficulty the guy had getting his mask on. He knew it was coming. He had the calm reassurance of someone standing right there already fitted with O2 who he knew would step in to help him and he couldn't get the strap over his head. It took the helper several tries, too, while the test subject started to lose consciousness. Pretty scary! People, put your own mask on before trying to help anyone else, lest you join the dead! – FreeMan Jan 20 at 20:37

More or less...

For gamma = 1,4, an adiabatic expansion from 1013 hPa to 226 hPa will cause an initial temperature of 20ºC = 273K to drop to 191 K.

The Standard Atmosphere temperature for that altitude is approx. that...

• @MichaelHall Pretty sure he is assuming the cabin temperature to be 20°C but forgot to add the 273.15K to make it 293.15K in the cabin at the start of the expansion. – AEhere supports Monica Jan 17 at 18:49
• @pericynthion the OP does not specify, so lacking further nuance it is the only meaningful assumption, since the opposite possibility from a thermodynamic perspective would be an isothermal process, would it not? – AEhere supports Monica Jan 17 at 18:54
• @MichaelHall I read that as 191K, which is indeed close to the ISA temperature at 12km. – AEhere supports Monica Jan 17 at 18:56
• The expansion will most definitely be isochoric, not adiabatic. Adiabatic expansion happens in a sealed cylinder, when the gas is producing work by acting against resistance. Air expansion from a tear in a container is going to produce Joule expansion, which results in no cooling with ideal gases and only a bit of cooling with real gases. – Therac Jan 17 at 19:32
• The air in the cabin is not 1013 hPa, it is only 750 hPa. – Jan Hudec Jan 17 at 20:19


text:
# Would this circuit work?

I've been a software dev for a while, but never really did a lot with hardware so please forgive me if this question is really basic.

I have an Arduino project I am trying to set up that involves a photocell. Most of my Arduino knowledge so far is from the book Getting Started with Arduino. They have a section that actually talks about photocells. Below is the diagram they give for building a circuit. I have two questions about it.

First, what is the point of the resistor (seeing how the photocell is basically a light sensitive resistor)? Why couldn't the circuit just be "5V to photocell, photocell to A0"?

Second, if my project has already used the 5V pin (its for an LCD display) could I rig the circuit up to start at a digital pin (which would be set to output 5V) to photocell back to A0? If not, how would I power the photocell?

Normally I'd just try this (without the resistor) and see what would happen, however I don't have a spare Arduino and don't feel like frying this one quite yet.

• those unfamiliar with the arduino take note - that's an analog input being used in the picture, not a digital one. – JustJeff Jan 14 '12 at 20:40

First, what is the point of the resister (seeing how the photocell is basically a light sensitive resister)? Why couldn't the circuit just be 5v to photocell, photocell to A0?

I don't know anything about Arduino's but from looking at the circuit, I surmise that A0 connects to an input pin of the microcontroller. What's happening is that when light hits the photocell, its resistance decreases, so the A0 pin is pulled high, and the Arduino reads a "high" input. When there's no light input, then, you want to read a "low" input.

What happens is, with no light, the photocell resitance increases, and the extra resistor pulls down the A0 pin to ground, so the Arduino can read a 0 input. If there was no extra resistor, no matter how high the resistance of the photocell, it would still always pull up, and A0 would always be "high".

Second, if my project has already used the 5v pin (its for an lcd display) could I rig the circuit up to start at a digital pin (which would be set to output 5v) to photocell back to A0? If not, how would I power the photocell?

Again, I only know from the way the board is labeled in your diagram, but I expect that "5V" is a power supply pin. If it is, then you should be able to connect it to multiple loads, as long as the total current needed by those loads is not more than the board can supply (check the data sheet or manual for your board). But the photocell circuit shouldn't draw more than a few mA, so it should be safe to add this load to the load from the LCD you already have. You just need to find some physical way to connect both the LCD and the photocell to the same pin. One easy way would be to just solder three wires together to form a "Y"; connect one leg of the Y to the Arduino, one to the photocell, and one to the LCD circuit.

# Edit

You explained that the A0 is an analog input pin for the Arduino.

In that case, what you're doing is using the photocell as one part of a resistor divider:

In your case Vin is 5 V, and R1 is the photocell, and R2 is the "extra resistor". The voltage at Vout is connected to A0 of the Arduino so you can measure it.

The formula for the output voltage of the resistor divider is

$$V_{out} = V_{in}\times \frac{R2}{R1+R2}$$

If you remove the extra resistor, that's like taking R2 to infinity. You can see from the formula that in the limit as R2 goes to infinity, you get $$V_{out}=V_{in}\times R2 / R2$$ or $$V_{out} = V_{in},$$ meaning you'll always read 5 V at Vout if the extra resistor isn't there.

Resistor divider image from Wikimedia, Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike

• Since A0 is analog and not digital the Arduino could read 0 input (I think). Would what you said about the resister still be true? – CountMurphy Jan 14 '12 at 20:53
• Yes, still true. Without the extra resistor, the photocell always pulls up, and A0 will always be at 5 V. One caveat is that the input pin on the Arduino will have some (probably relatively high, like 5 kOhms or more) input associated with it, so there will be some variation without the extra resistor. But the designer of the circuit presumably calculated that the extra resistor is needed to optimize the range of input voltages seen at the analog input. – The Photon Jan 14 '12 at 20:58
• ok, I'm about to let my ignorance shine...what exactly do you mean by "pull up?" – CountMurphy Jan 14 '12 at 21:04
• When a resistor is connected between a supply voltage and some other circuit node, we often say the resistor "pulls" the other node toward that supply. Since 5 V is (I'm assuming) the highest voltage in your circuit, we say a resistor to 5 V pulls its other end "up". – The Photon Jan 14 '12 at 21:08
• ...It also means the resistor can't absolutely force the other end to the supply voltage, it can just "pull" it there; but other circuit elements might be "pulling" it the other way. – The Photon Jan 14 '12 at 21:09

IMPORTANT: If your Arduino runs on 3V3 then use the 3V3 voltage to drive the circuit.

(1) Yes, your circuit will work as shown.
The resistor should be about the same resistance as the photocell in its typical operating light range, although non optimum values will work well enough in many cases.

As shown the two resistors form a "voltage divider" with the share of the available voltage depending on their relative resistances. The same current flows through both so, as Ohms law tells us that
V= I x R, if we change R we change the relative V. As A0 measures Voltage this will work.


text:
# Cyclic Proximal Point

The Cyclic Proximal Point (CPP) algorithm is a Proximal Problem.

It aims to minimize

$F(x) = \sum_{i=1}^c f_i(x)$

assuming that the proximal maps $\operatorname{prox}_{λ f_i}(x)$ are given in closed form or can be computed efficiently (at least approximately).

The algorithm then cycles through these proximal maps, where the type of cycle might differ and the proximal parameter $λ_k$ changes after each cycle $k$.

For a convergence result on Hadamard manifolds see [Bačák, 2014].

Manopt.cyclic_proximal_pointFunction
cyclic_proximal_point(M, F, proxes, x)

perform a cyclic proximal point algorithm.

Input

• M – a manifold $\mathcal M$
• F – a cost function $F:\mathcal M→ℝ$ to minimize
• proxes – an Array of proximal maps (Functions) (λ,x) -> y for the summands of $F$
• x – an initial value $x ∈ \mathcal M$

Optional

the default values are given in brackets

• evaluation – (AllocatingEvaluation) specify whether the proximal maps work by allocation (default) form prox(M, λ, x) or MutatingEvaluation in place, i.e. is of the form prox!(M, y, λ, x).
• evaluation_order – (:Linear) – whether to use a randomly permuted sequence (:FixedRandom), a per cycle permuted sequence (Random) or the default linear one.
• λ – ( iter -> 1/iter ) a function returning the (square summable but not summable) sequence of λi
• stopping_criterion – (StopWhenAny(StopAfterIteration(5000),StopWhenChangeLess(10.0^-8))) a StoppingCriterion.
• return_options – (false) – if actiavated, the extended result, i.e. the complete Options are returned. This can be used to access recorded values. If set to false (default) just the optimal value x_opt if returned

and the ones that are passed to decorate_options for decorators.

Output

• x_opt – the resulting (approximately critical) point of gradientDescent

OR

• options - the options returned by the solver (see return_options)
source
Manopt.cyclic_proximal_point!Function
cyclic_proximal_point!(M, F, proxes, x)

perform a cyclic proximal point algorithm in place of x.

Input

• M – a manifold $\mathcal M$
• F – a cost function $F:\mathcal M→ℝ$ to minimize
• proxes – an Array of proximal maps (Functions) (λ,x) -> y for the summands of $F$
• x – an initial value $x ∈ \mathcal M$

for all options, see cyclic_proximal_point.

source

## Options

Manopt.CyclicProximalPointOptionsType
CyclicProximalPointOptions <: Options

stores options for the cyclic_proximal_point algorithm. These are the

Fields

• x – the current iterate
• stopping_criterion – a StoppingCriterion
• λ – (@(iter) -> 1/iter) a function for the values of λ_k per iteration/cycle
• evaluation_order – (:LinearOrder) – whether to use a randomly permuted sequence (:FixedRandomOrder), a per cycle permuted sequence (RandomOrder) or the default linear one.


text:
# About Holy Trinity Church of God in Christ

St. Matthew
25 : 31 – 46

31 When the Son of man shall come in His glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of His glory:

32 An before him shall be gathered all nations: and He shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth His sheep from the goats:

33 And He shall set the sheep on His right hand, but the goats on the left.

34 Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world:

35 For I was an hungered, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in:

36 Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me.

37 Then shall the righteous answer Him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungered, and fed thee? Or thirsty, and gave thee drink?

38 When saw we thee a stranger and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee?

39 Or when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee?

40 And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me.

41 Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels:

42 For I was an hungered, and ye gave me no meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink:

43 I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye clothed me not: sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not.

44 Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungered, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee?

45 Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me.

46 And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.


text:
If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website.

If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.

## Operations and Algebraic Thinking 218-221

### Course: Operations and Algebraic Thinking 218-221>Unit 5

Lesson 9: Analyzing relationships between variables

# Relationships between quantities in equations

## Problem

A recipe for a single batch of cookies calls for 3 eggs.
1. Write an equation that represents the total number of eggs we need (n) for some number of batches (b) of this recipe.
2. How many eggs do we need to make 6 batches of this recipe?
eggs
Stuck?
Stuck?


text:
1. ## Solving for theta

Ok.. so I've been stuck on a problem for a while now and have no clue how to even start this problem

it's 3sin^2X+5cosX=4

It would be much appreciated if someone could explain to me how I even start to solve this problem

2. Originally Posted by StephAnnie
Ok.. so I've been stuck on a problem for a while now and have no clue how to even start this problem

it's 3sin^2X+5cosX=4

It would be much appreciated if someone could explain to me how I even start to solve this problem
You need to use the Pythagorean identity

$\sin^2(x)=1-\cos^2(x)$ this reduces the equation to

$3(1-\cos^2(x))+5\cos(x)-4=0 \iff 3\cos^2(x)-5\cos(x)+1=0$

So this is quadratic in form. Can you finish from here

3. Thank you soo much for your help!!


text:
Trigonometry 7th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning

Chapter 8 - Section 8.1 - Complex Numbers - 8.1 Problem Set - Page 426: 77

Answer

$-7+22i$

Work Step by Step

$z_{1}z_{3}$ =$(2+3i)(4+5i)$ =$2(4+5i)+3i(4+5i)$ =$8+10i+12i+15i^{2}$ =$8+22i+15(-1)$ =$-7+22i$

After you claim an answer you’ll have 24 hours to send in a draft. An editor will review the submission and either publish your submission or provide feedback.


text: vector equation - MathOverflow most recent 30 from http://mathoverflow.net 2013-05-20T14:47:26Z http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/98965 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/rdf http://mathoverflow.net/questions/98965/vector-equation vector equation Felix Goldberg 2012-06-06T16:05:14Z 2012-06-06T16:05:14Z <p>Suppose you have an equation of the form $Hx=Ky$, where $x,y$ are vectors of length $n,m$ respectively ($m>n$) and $H,K$ are matrices of orders $n \times n,n \times m$ respectively. Is there some kind of name for it? </p>


text:
## Simplified proof of Lemma 1.23

We want to show that $1/2+\sum_{n=1}^N \cos(nu) =\begin{cases} \frac{\sin\big((N+1/2)u\big)}{2\sin(u/2)} & u\ne 0,\\ N+\frac{1}{2} &u=0.\end{cases}.$ The $u=0$ case just follows by noticing that for $u=0$, the sum is $\frac12 + 1+1+\cdots 1 = \frac12 +N$. To establish the $u\ne 0$ case, we first note that $\cos(nu) = \frac12\big(e^{inu}+e^{-inu}\big)$. It follows that $1/2+\sum_{n=1}^N \cos(nu) = \frac12 + \sum_{n=1}^n \frac{1}{2}\big(e^{inu}+e^{-inu}\big).$ Rewrite the sum on the right, starting with $e^{-iNu}$ going up to $e^{iNu}$: $1/2+\sum_{n=1}^N \cos(nu) = \frac12(e^{-iNu} + e^{-(N-1)u} +\cdots+ e^{-iu}+1 +e^{iu} + \cdots + e^{iNu}).$ Multiple both sides above by $e^{iNu}$ and then use the identity $1+z+\cdots +z^M = \frac{z^{M+1\,}\, - 1}{z-1}$, which holds for all $z\in \mathbb C$, except $z=1$. The result is $e^{iNu} \big(1/2+\sum_{n=1}^N \cos(nu)\big) = \frac12(1+e^{iu} +e^{2iu} +\cdots+ e^{2iNu})=\frac12 \frac{e^{(2N+1)ui}-1}{e^{iu}-1} = \frac12 \frac{e^{(N+1/2)iu}(e^{(N+1/2)iu} - e^{-(N+1/2)iu})}{e^{iu/2}(e^{iu/2}- e^{-iu/2})}.$ Now multiply both sides by $e^{-iNu}$ and manipulate the resulting expression. $1/2+\sum_{n=1}^N \cos(nu) = \frac12 \frac{2ie^{iu/2}\sin((N+1/2)u)}{2ie^{iu/2}\sin(u/2)}= \frac{\sin((N+1/2)u)}{2\sin(u/2)},$ which is what we wanted to show.


text:
# The set of $\ell^2$ sequences dominated by a sequence is equisummable

This is my homework question and I am not sure if my solution is correct.

First, definition of equisummable:

Let $S \subset \ell^2$. The subset $S$ is called equisummable if for any $\epsilon>0$ there exists $N \in \mathbb{N}$ such that $\forall x \in S$ we have $\sum_{i=N}^\infty \, |x_i| ^{2}<\epsilon$.

And the question is

Let $a\in \ell^2$, $S= \{ x \in \ell^2 \,:\, |x_n|\leq |a_n| \text{ for all } n \in \mathbb{N} \}$. Is $S$ equisummable or not?

My answer is yes, it is equisummable.

Otherwise, $\exists \epsilon>0$ such that $\forall N\in \mathbb{N}$ there exists $x \in S$ (depends on $N$) such that $\sum \limits_{i=N}^\infty \, |x_i|^2 \gt \epsilon$. Since $a_n$ is equal or greater than $x_n$ for all $x \in S$, $\forall N\in \mathbb{N}$ we have $\sum_{i=N}^\infty \, |a_i|^2 \gt \epsilon$. This contradicts with the fact that $\sum \limits_{i=1}^\infty \, |a_i|^2 \lt \infty$ (since $a\in \ell^2$).

Is my answer correct? And do I need to explain the last part a little bit more (the reason they contradict)? It seems obvious to me but I am not sure.

-
Your proof looks correct to me, but more complicated than it needs to be. In particular, you can completely avoid contradiction in the proof: Since $a \in \ell^2$, given $\varepsilon > 0$, there exists $N$ such that $\sum_{n \geqslant N} |a_n|^2 \lt \varepsilon$. Now show that the same $N$ works for all $x \in S$. Of course, this is the same proof written in a different way, but I hope this is cleaner. –  Srivatsan Dec 26 '11 at 21:26
If you follow Srivatsan’s suggestion, you could write up the new proof as an answer to your own question (though you may have to wait a few hours before you can do that). –  Brian M. Scott Dec 26 '11 at 21:32
It would be good practice to work out exactly why the convergence of $\sum_{i=1}^\infty|a_i|^2$ implies that for each $\epsilon>0$ there is some $N$ such that $\sum_{n\ge N}|a_n|^2<\epsilon$; you’ll need to use the convergence of the sequence of partial sums. –  Brian M. Scott Dec 26 '11 at 21:35

Okay I followed Srivatsan's suggestion and my new answer is as follows:

$a\in \ell^2$, then $\sum \limits_{i=1}^\infty \, |a_i|^2 = L \lt \infty$. Follows, limit $S_k$ as $k \to \infty$ is $L$ where $S_k = \sum \limits_{i=1}^k \, |a_i|^2$.

This implies $\forall \epsilon>0$ $\exists N \in \mathbb{N}$ st $\forall n \geq N$ we have $|S_n-L|\lt \epsilon$. Then,

$$|L-S_n|=\left|\sum \limits_{i=1}^\infty \, |a_i|^2-\sum \limits_{i=1}^n \, |a_i|^2\right| = \left|\sum \limits_{i=n+1}^\infty \, |a_i|^2\right| \lt \epsilon.$$

Since $|a_n| \geq |x_n|$ for all $n$, $\forall n \geq N$ $$\sum \limits_{i=n}^\infty \ |x_i|^2 \lt \sum \limits_{i=n}^\infty \ |a_i|^2 \lt \epsilon.$$

Hence, $S$ is equisummable.

-


text:
# Re: HTML email

From: Karl Anderson (kra@monkey.org)
Date: Sat Feb 03 2001 - 15:21:46 PST

Gregory Alan Bolcer <gbolcer@endtech.com> writes:

> OMG. This looks completely readable and feels
> comfortable to me. I think my brain
> might be over TeX'd.

SOP at college when talking math over email was to use \LaTeX in our
sentences; we'd end up with about $1 \over 10$ math in an ascii
message, but we'd only render in our heads (well, at least I never
admitted to compiling it once in a while, gotta rep to maintain).

--
Karl Anderson      kra@monkey.org           http://www.monkey.org/~kra/

This archive was generated by hypermail 2b29 : Tue Feb 06 2001 - 04:09:39 PST


text:
A data analysis toolkit for the KFW lab (MacOS X)

# KFWX Data Analysis Toolkit

This is a toolkit for MacOS X and Windows that automatically analyzes data for assays.

1. Installing KFWX
• For MacOS X
• For Windows
2. Tools Available
3. Using the Data Analysis Tools (Tools 1-3)
4. Using the Merge Tools (Tools 4-6)
5. Understanding the Output

## Installing KFWX on MacOS X

1. Ensure that Python 2.7 is installed. Python 2.7 should already be installed with MacOS X.
2. Make sure that pip is installed.
3. Install kfwx from the Python Package Index with pip.
• Type the command pip install --upgrade kfwx.
4. You must have also some other Python modules installed.
• matplotlib
• pandas
• seaborn
• xlrd
• openpyxl Use the command pip install matplolib pandas seaborn xlrd openpyxl. This may take a few minutes to finish.

## Installing KFWX on Windows

• Open your Command prompt and run the command python --version.
• If the response is Python 2.7.XX then you have the correct version of Python installed. Otherwise, you should download the latest Python 2.7 Windows installer, open the installer, and follow the installation instructions (Python 2.7.15 is the latest at this time) https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-2715/.
• NOTE: If you think Python is installed but the above command does not work, try the command C:\Python27\python.exe --version. If this command works but not the above command, then consider following these instructions to add python to your PATH environment variables.
1. Open the Advanced System Settings.
2. Click Environment Variables.
3. Select New.
4. Enter python as the Variable Name and C:\Python27 as the Variable Value.
• If you choose not to do this, then you must replace python with C:\Python27\python.exe from here on out.
2. Make sure that pip is installed. If you have the latest version of Python 2.7, then pip should already be installed.
• Run the command pip --version.
• If the response is pip XX.X from ... (python 2.7) then you have the correct version of pip installed. Otherwise, you should follow the installation instructions at https://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/chapter_12/installing_pip.html#pip-on-os-x.
• NOTE: If you think pip is installed but the above command does not work, try the command C:\Python27\Scripts\pip.exe --version. If this command works but not the above command, then consider following these instructions to add pip to your PATH environment variables.
1. Open the Advanced System Settings.
2. Click Environment Variables.
3. Double click the Path variable.
4. Select New.
5. Enter C:\Python27\Scripts.
• If you choose not to do this, then you must replace pip with C:\Python27\Scripts\pip.exe from here on out.
3. Install kfwy from the Python Package Index with pip.
• Type the command pip install --upgrade kfwx.
4. You must have also some other Python modules installed.
• matplotlib
• pandas
• seaborn
• xlrd
• openpyxl Use the command pip install matplolib pandas seaborn xlrd openpyxl. This may take a few minutes to finish.

## Tools Available

1. Membrane Potential
3. H2O2
4. Membrane Potential Merge
6. H2O2 Merge

## Using the Data Analysis Tools (Tools 1-3)

1. Place the raw data files (.txt) to be analyzed in a folder.
2. Open the command line (terminal for Mac and command prompt for Windows)
3. Navigate to the folder
• e.g. if folder path is users/data_analysis, then type the command cd users/data_analysis
• NOTE: If you are having difficulty figuring out what your folder path is, then open a window for your command line and drag your folder into the window. It will show you the file path.
4. Type command python -m kfwx to run the toolkit and then follow the instructions provided

## Using the Merge Tools (Tools 4-6)

1. Place the excel files (.xlsx) to be merged in a folder.
2. Open the command line
3. Navigate to the folder
• e.g. if folder path is users/data_analysis, then type the command cd users/data_analysis
4. Type command python -m kfwx to run the toolkit and then follow the instructions provided

## Understanding the Output

This section explains in detail the significance of the results of the data analysis.

### Membrane Potential

1. Metadata Sheet - This sheet hosts information about the experiment itself
• ID - The experimental ID.
• Standard Curve - A true or false value indicating whether or not the standard curve calculation was used.
• Slope - The slope value entered by the researcher to be used in calculations.
• Y-Intercept - The y-intercept value entered by the researcher to be used in calculations.
• Substrates - A column containing the list of substrates used in the experiment.
• Additions - A column containing the list of additions used in the experiment.
• Date - The date the analysis was run in the form YYYY-MM-DD.
2. Raw Data - The raw data taken from the lab tools.
• The data is in the form X | Y | X |...
3. Averaged Raw Data - The average membrane potential for 3-minute (i.e., 180 seconds) increments in each data set. Each data set is annotated with the buffer conditions of the assay at that time.
4. Corrected Raw Data - The same data as the Average Raw Data sheet, but with an additional correction calculation which divides each average membrane potential by the the average membrane potential for Ala.
5. Standard Curve Data - The results of the standard curve calculation on the raw data.
• The data is in the form X | Y | X |...
6. Averaged Standard Curve - The results of the standard curve calculation on the averaged data.

1. Metadata Sheet - This sheet hosts information about the experiment itself.
• ID - The experimental ID.
• Substrates - A column containing the list of substrates used in the experiment.
• Additions - A column containing the list of additions used in the experiment.
• Date - The date the analysis was run in the form YYYY-MM-DD.
2. Raw Data - The raw data taken from the lab tools.
• The data is in the form X | Y | X |...
3. Stripped Data - Contains only the columns that correspond to the NADH data points.
• The data is in the form X | Y | X |...
4. Reduced Data - The same data as the Stripped Data sheet, but with an additional reduction calculation.
• y_new = (y_old-min)/(max-min)*100
5. Averaged Reduced Data - The averages of the reduced data for 3-minute (i.e., 180 seconds) increments in each data set. Each data set is annotated with the buffer conditions of the assay at that time.

### H2O2

1. Metadata Sheet - This sheet hosts information about the experiment itself
• ID - The experimental ID.
• Standard Curve - A true or false value indicating whether or not the standard curve calculation was used.
• Slope - The slope value entered by the researcher to be used in calculations.
• Y-Intercept - The y-intercept value entered by the researcher to be used in calculations.
• Substrates - A column containing the list of substrates used in the experiment.
• Additions - A column containing the list of additions used in the experiment.
• Mitochondria - The amount of mitochondria use (in milligrams).
• Date - The date the analysis was run in the form YYYY-MM-DD.
2. Raw Data - The raw data taken from the lab tools.
• The data is in the form X | Y | X |...
3. Slopes Data - The slope for 3-minute (i.e., 180 seconds) increments in each data set. Each data set is annotated with the buffer conditions of the assay at that time.
4. Corrected Slopes - The same data as the Slopes sheet, but with an additional correction calculation which divides each slope value by the mg of mitochondria used.
5. Standard Curve - The results of the standard curve calculation on the Raw Data.
6. Standard Curve Slopes - The results of the standard curve calculation on the Slopes Data.
7. Corrected Standard Curve Slopes - The results of the correction calculation on the Standard Curve Slopes data.

### Membrane Potential Merge

Combines data from all of the Averaged Standard Curve sheets in the Membrane Potential data analysis Excel files. Each row corresponds to a substrate. The Mean and SEM is calculated for each row.

Combines data from all of the Averaged Reduced Data sheets in the NADH Redox data analysis Excel files. Each row corresponds to a substrate. The Mean and SEM is calculated for each row.

### H2O2 Merge

Combines data from all of the Corrected Standard Curve Slopes sheets in the H2O2 data analysis Excel files. Each row corresponds to a substrate. The Mean and SEM is calculated for each row.

## Project details

Uploaded source
Uploaded py2


text:
# Magnetic Flux

In electromagnetism, a sub-discipline of physics, the magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field (B) passing through that surface. Denoted by Φ or ΦB. The CGS unit is the Maxwell and SI unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb).

## What is Magnetic Flux?

Magnetic Flux is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given closed surface. It gives the measurement of the total magnetic field that passes through a given surface area. Here, the area under consideration can be of any size and under any orientation with respect to the direction of the magnetic field.

### Magnetic Flux Symbol

• Magnetic flux is commonly denoted using greek letter Phi or Phi suffix B.
• Magnetic flux symbol: Φ or ΦB.

### Magnetic Flux Formula

Magnetic flux formula is given by:

 $\phi _{B}=B.A=BA\; cos \; \Theta$

Where,

• ΦB is the magnetic flux.
• B is the magnetic field
• A is the area
• θ the angle at which the field lines pass through the given surface area

### Magnetic Flux Unit

Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter. The SI and CGS unit of magnetic flux is given below:

• SI unit of magnetic flux is Weber(Wb).
• The fundamental unit is Volt-seconds.
• The CGS unit is Maxwell.

You may also want to check out these topics given below!

## Understanding Magnetic Flux

Faraday’s great insights lay on finding a simple mathematical relation to explain the series of experiments that he conducted on electromagnetic induction. Faraday made numerous contributions to science and is widely known as the greatest experimental scientist of the nineteenth century. Before we start appreciating his work, let us understand the concept of magnetic flux which plays a major part in the electromagnetic induction.

In order to calculate the magnetic flux, we consider the field-line image of a magnet or the system of magnets, as shown in the image below. The magnetic flux through a plane of the area given by A that is placed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude given by B is given as the scalar product of the magnetic field and the area A. Here, the angle at which the field lines pass through the given surface area is also important. If the field lines intersect the area at a glancing angle, that is,

• when the angle between the magnetic field vector and the area vector is nearly equal to 90ᵒ, then the resulting flux is very low.
• when the angle is equal to 0ᵒ, the resulting flux is maximum.

Mathematically,

 $\phi _{B}=B.A=BA\; cos \; \Theta$

Where θ is the angle between vector A and vector B.

If the magnetic field is non-uniform and at different parts of the surface, the magnetic field is different in magnitude and direction, then the total magnetic flux through the given surface can be given as the summation of the product of all such area elements and their corresponding magnetic field.

Mathematically,

 $\phi _{B}=B_{1}.dA_{1}+B_{2}.dA_{2}+B_{3}.dA_{3}+… = \sum_{all}^{} B_{i}.dA_{i}$

It is clear from the equation given above that the magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is given as Weber (Wb) or tesla meter squared (Tm2).

### Measurement of Magnetic Flux

The SI unit of magnetic flux is Weber (Wb) or tesla meter squared (Tm2) named after German physicist Wilhelm Weber. Magnetic flux can be measured with a magnetometer. Suppose a probe of the magnetometer is moved around an area of 0.6 m2 near a large sheet of magnetic material and indicates a constant reading of 5 mT. Then the magnetic flux through that area is calculated as ( 5 ×10-3 T) ⋅ (0.6 m2 ) = 0.0030 Wb. In the events of changing magnetic field reading over an area, it would be necessary to find the average reading.

## What is Magnetic Flux Density?

Magnetic flux density(B) is defined as the force acting per unit current per unit length on a wire placed at right angles to the magnetic field.

• Units of B is Tesla (T) or $Kgs^{-2}A^{-1}$
• B is a vector quantity
$B=\frac{F}{Il}$ Where, $l$=length of wire $F$=total force acting on the wire $I$=current flowing through the wire.

### Magnetic Flux Density Unit:

The CGS and SI unit of magnetic flux density is given in the table below.

 Unit of Magnetic Flux Density SI unit Tesla (abbreviated as T) CGS unit Gauss (abbreviated as G or Gs)

### Magnetic Flux Questions (FAQs)

Q1) What is the magnetic field outside a solenoid?

Ans: It is zero as there are no magnetic field lines outside a solenoid.

Q2) What does forefinger represent in the left-hand rule?

Ans: It represents the magnetic field.

Q3) What is the basic source of magnetism?

Ans: The movement of charged particles is the basic source of magnetism.

Q4) What is the unit of magnetic permeability?

Ans: Tesla is the unit of magnetic permeability.

Q5) What is the unit of magnetic field strength?

Ans: A.m-1 is the unit of magnetic field strength.

Q6) Name the devices which work on torque when a current carrying conductor is placed in the magnetic field.

Ans: Following are the devices:

• Galvanometer
• Ammeter
• Voltmeter


text:
# Standing wave

A standing wave resonates at 400 Hz with three antinodes on a string tied tightly between two posts 2.0 meters apart.
What is the wavelength of this standing wave?
What is the fundamental frequency of this string?

I tried to draw the picture out, and it looks like the wavelength is just 2.0 m? I am not sure how to find the fundamental frequency though.

Related Introductory Physics Homework Help News on Phys.org
alphysicist
Homework Helper
Hi pooka,

A standing wave resonates at 400 Hz with three antinodes on a string tied tightly between two posts 2.0 meters apart.
What is the wavelength of this standing wave?
What is the fundamental frequency of this string?

I tried to draw the picture out, and it looks like the wavelength is just 2.0 m?
Before dealing with the fundamental frequency, I don't believe this wavelength is correct. If you look at it again, do you see what it is? Or if not, why did you choose 2m as the wavelength?

Hi pooka,

Before dealing with the fundamental frequency, I don't believe this wavelength is correct. If you look at it again, do you see what it is? Or if not, why did you choose 2m as the wavelength?
I chose this wavelength because when I drew the wave out, the post is 2 metres apart, so I thought that the wavelenght would also be 2 metres.

Okay I just redrew the wave. Is the wavelength 4/3 metres then?

alphysicist
Homework Helper
Okay I just redrew the wave. Is the wavelength 4/3 metres then?
That sounds right to me.

For your question in your original post, what is the definition of the fundamental frequency? Try drawing this string vibrating in its fundamental frequency (instead of the frequency they give you). Can you find its wavelength in that case? Does that help you find its frequency?

That sounds right to me.

For your question in your original post, what is the definition of the fundamental frequency? Try drawing this string vibrating in its fundamental frequency (instead of the frequency they give you). Can you find its wavelength in that case? Does that help you find its frequency?
Is the fundamental frequency wavelength 4 m then?

alphysicist
Homework Helper
Is the fundamental frequency wavelength 4 m then?
Yes, that is the wavelength when it vibrates at its fundamental frequency.

thanks!

alphysicist
Homework Helper
Sure, glad to help! (Just to be sure I understood the wording in one of your posts, you did use that 4m wavelength to find the fundamental frequency, right?)

Sure, glad to help! (Just to be sure I understood the wording in one of your posts, you did use that 4m wavelength to find the fundamental frequency, right?)
Yup! The fundamental frequency is given by fn = v/λn.
I first found v by using the v = fλ where f is the 400 Hz times the wavelength 4/3

Then I divided the v by 4.


text:
## Not signed in

Want to take part in these discussions? Sign in if you have an account, or apply for one below

## Discussion Tag Cloud

Vanilla 1.1.10 is a product of Lussumo. More Information: Documentation, Community Support.

• CommentRowNumber1.
• CommentAuthorBen_Sprott
• CommentTimeJun 17th 2012

Hi,

I have seen lots of physics going up in recent months and so I thought I would share what I have been working on. The following is an attempt to make categorical structures look super primitive.

If we take a light switch to embody an entire category, we could take the light switch to be a set with two elements and the morphisms are all endofunctions. Let’s say, for fun, that we define the endofunctor for the monad as:

flip switch up $\rightarrow$ light turns on

flip switch down $\rightarrow$ light turns off

flip switch $\rightarrow$ light toggles

do nothing to switch $\rightarrow$ light does nothing

This looks like the identity endofunctor. Now, this endofunctor, in my mind, is deeply fundamental as it is used to test a causal relation between things like the light and the light-switch. The monad is nothing but the identity monad and so, I think, the algebra is nothing but an identity element. (I already asked at mathematics stack). One normally looks at this kind of thing as passing a signal from one system to another and this then goes up to information theory. If you have read my post correctly, though, you will see that I am trying to lift that whole idea up to where we talk only about morphisms and causal structure as opposed to systems of state and the information that encode them. It was a let down to find that the algebra was this trivial for such an important bit of behaviour, one that every physicist working in a lab will use every day.

Can anyone take this thinking and get the first non-trivial algebra (it should be TINY!!!) and keep the spirit of “behaviours in a laboratory”? The co-algebra is also interesting.

If anyone is wondering where this is coming from, consider the fact that one can construct a TQFT entirely within FDHilb by replacing the usual category of cobordisms with the internal category of comonoids. Thus, the background becomes the internal category of classical structures. The category of internal comonoids is defined with axioms that look like the copying and deleting of information. If you read this post carefully you will see that I am abstracting this idea to replace the category of internal comonoids with just comonads.


text:
This function extracts the different variance components of a mixed model and returns the result as a data frame.

## Usage

random_parameters(model, component = "conditional")

## Arguments

model

A mixed effects model (including stanreg models).

component

Should all parameters, parameters for the conditional model, for the zero-inflated part of the model, or the dispersion model be returned? Applies to models with zero-inflated and/or dispersion component. component may be one of "conditional", "zi", "zero-inflated", "dispersion" or "all" (default). May be abbreviated.

## Value

A data frame with random effects statistics for the variance components, including number of levels per random effect group, as well as complete observations in the model.

## Details

The variance components are obtained from insight::get_variance() and are denoted as following:

### Within-group (or residual) variance

The residual variance, σ2ε, is the sum of the distribution-specific variance and the variance due to additive dispersion. It indicates the within-group variance.

### Between-group random intercept variance

The random intercept variance, or between-group variance for the intercept (τ00), is obtained from VarCorr(). It indicates how much groups or subjects differ from each other.

### Between-group random slope variance

The random slope variance, or between-group variance for the slopes (τ11) is obtained from VarCorr(). This measure is only available for mixed models with random slopes. It indicates how much groups or subjects differ from each other according to their slopes.

### Random slope-intercept correlation

The random slope-intercept correlation (ρ01) is obtained from VarCorr(). This measure is only available for mixed models with random intercepts and slopes.

Note: For the within-group and between-group variance, variance and standard deviations (which are simply the square root of the variance) are shown.

## Examples

if (require("lme4")) {
data(sleepstudy)
model <- lmer(Reaction ~ Days + (1 + Days | Subject), data = sleepstudy)
random_parameters(model)
}
#> # Random Effects
#>
#> Within-Group Variance          654.94 (25.59)
#> Between-Group Variance
#>   Random Intercept (Subject)    612.1 (24.74)
#>   Random Slope (Subject.Days)   35.07  (5.92)
#> Correlations
#>   Subject.Days                   0.07
#> N (groups per factor)
#>   Subject                          18
#> Observations                      180


text:
#### Volume 16, issue 1 (2012)

 1 E A Bender, E R Canfield, The asymptotic number of rooted maps on a surface, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 43 (1986) 244 MR867650 2 A Douady, C J Earle, Conformally natural extension of homeomorphisms of the circle, Acta Math. 157 (1986) 23 MR857678 3 J Kahn, V Markovic, Immersing almost geodesic surfaces in a closed hyperbolic three manifold arXiv:0910.5501 4 C Kourouniotis, Complex length coordinates for quasi-Fuchsian groups, Mathematika 41 (1994) 173 MR1288062 5 J D Masters, Counting immersed surfaces in hyperbolic $3$–manifolds, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 5 (2005) 835 MR2153105 6 T W Müller, J C Puchta, Character theory of symmetric groups and subgroup growth of surface groups, J. London Math. Soc. 66 (2002) 623 MR1934296 7 C Series, An extension of Wolpert's derivative formula, Pacific J. Math. 197 (2001) 223 MR1810217 8 S P Tan, Complex Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates for quasi-Fuchsian structures, Internat. J. Math. 5 (1994) 239 MR1266284


text:
# How do you simplify ((9 - 2)^2 + 4) + 4^2?

Mar 19, 2018

$69$

#### Explanation:

Simplifying the terms in the parenthesis, we get:

$\left({7}^{2} + 4\right) + {4}^{2}$

Which can be further simplified as

$49 + 4 + 16$

Which is equal to $69$

In PEMDAS, remember we tackle our parenthesis first!


text:
# [✓]  Refresh or clear cached CloudObjects[]?

Posted 1 year ago
1481 Views
|
4 Replies
|
7 Total Likes
|
 cross posted on mathematica.stackexchange.comLet's create an API which creates one file each time it is called/accessed: obj = CloudDeploy[ APIFunction[{} , Put[$RequesterWolframID , "testFiles/" <> DateString["ISODateTime"] <> ".txt" ] & ] , "apiTest" , Permissions -> "Public" ]; CloudEvaluate@CreateDirectory@"testFiles/"; and let's call it: URLRead[obj] CloudObjects["testFiles/"] URLRead[obj] CloudObjects["testFiles/"] But this is not true, if you visit a browser interface they will be there:In fact, once you visit it, CloudObjects cache changes, but only once: URLRead[obj] CloudObjects["testFiles/"] URLRead[obj] CloudObjects["testFiles/"] So how to make sure CloudObjects returns up to date result?I am fine with an additional step to flush the cache, I just want it to be possible programmatically. Answer 4 Replies Sort By: Posted 1 year ago  When you use Put with a string as the location it just creates a regular file, not a CloudObject. What's happening is that viewing files with the cloud file manager is automatically generating the CloudObject metadata for those files. You'll want to change your code to either Put to a CloudObject explicitly, or preferably just use CloudPut: obj = CloudDeploy[ APIFunction[{} , CloudPut[$RequesterWolframID , "testFiles/" <> DateString["ISODateTime"] <> ".txt" ] & ] , "apiTest" , Permissions -> "Public" ]; Also, there's no need to create the target directory when going directly to cloud objects, since it will be created automatically (as a CloudObject) if necessary.
Posted 1 year ago
 Thanks for your answer, it is a good solution for this case. Can I ask you one further question?The real use case is based on OpenAppend and after having problems with auto creating file or directory I just do If[Not @ FileExistsQ @ #, CreateFile @ #]& @ logFile I only need CloudObjects to know the file is there, metadata can be out of date. What would be the fastest way to CreateFile which is found by CloudObjects? CloudPut["init", logFile]?


text:
# Chain rule of second order differential

• November 7th 2011, 12:07 AM
chipai
Chain rule of second order differential
Let $x(t)=2t^2+2$ and $y(t)=3t^4+4t^3$, then
find $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}$ at point (8,80).

Thanks.
• November 7th 2011, 02:52 AM
sbhatnagar
Re: Chain rule of second order differential
To find $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}$, you must know y(x).

$x=2t^2+2 \Leftrightarrow t=\pm\sqrt{\frac{x-2}{2}}$.

Therefore, $y=3t^4+4t^3 \Leftrightarrow y=3(\frac{x-2}{2})^2\pm 4(\frac{x-2}{2})^{\frac{3}{2}}$

$y(x)=3(\frac{x-2}{2})^2\pm 4(\frac{x-2}{2})^{\frac{3}{2}}$

$y'(x)=?$

$y''(x)=?$


text:
Ain't It Cool News (www.aintitcool.com)
Coaxial

# Stallion Cornell Reports From The Premier Of Tom Hanks' JOHN ADAMS Miniseries For HBO!

+ Expand All
• March 6, 2008, 7:30 a.m. CST

#### FIRST

by RokurGepta

yay

• March 6, 2008, 7:40 a.m. CST

#### 23c0nd

by RokurGepta

this story isn't appearing on the main page yet

• March 6, 2008, 7:58 a.m. CST

#### Authentic Pus

by wharpua

sounds like a bad band name. Maybe I won't be immediately canceling HBO after The Wire finale after all.

• March 6, 2008, 8:11 a.m. CST

#### william daniels, tonedeaf?

by freydis

no.

• March 6, 2008, 8:13 a.m. CST

#### I have to see this

by BetaRayBill07

Most underrated founding father by far. Read McCullough’s book if you have any interest in history at all- it'll rock your socks off!!

• March 6, 2008, 8:21 a.m. CST

#### HBO and Tom Hanks

by ForkTongue

This is one of the only reasons I won't cancel HBO after the Wire finale. It's probably going to be a long time before we see the Pacific but I'll hang in there.

• March 6, 2008, 8:29 a.m. CST

#### He pronounced it "Quinzy..."

by Fawst

...because "Quint-sea" sounds fucking stupid. I know. I grew up here. Well, next door, in Braintree. Which is a thousand-times cooler of a name. Put it this way, I lived close enough that in 2nd or 3rd grade, our class walked down the street to the Adams's House(s) for a field trip. That will be a thrilling sight for me, seeing them shoot a scene at his home (obviously NOT in Quincy, due to the fact that it's at the corner of a major intersection, across from a CVS in the here & now). It will be pretty cool to see how they envision that area in that time period. Tak Fujimoto is a god. Really looking forward to this.

• March 6, 2008, 8:31 a.m. CST

#### 1776

by rkolker

William Daniels didn't look the part (except in height) of the pudgy, balding Adams, but otherwise his performance in 1776 is masterful. What Hanks is trying to do in this miniseries is different from what the musical was trying to accomplish, and I look forward to a different "read" on this critical point of world history.

• March 6, 2008, 8:37 a.m. CST

#### Sit down, John! Sit down, John! For God's sake, John,

by chrth

Sit down!

• March 6, 2008, 8:52 a.m. CST

by kevinwillis.net

John Adams was not. That is all.

• March 6, 2008, 8:55 a.m. CST

#### Node

by ForkTongue

No love for Band of Brothers? or are you referring to another series like Big Love.

• March 6, 2008, 9:12 a.m. CST

#### Cesar Woljnak = Zeljko Ivanek

by ShiftyEyedDog2

Nice try, though ;)

He's on IMDb, but John Adams doesn't include him yet, as it only has series credited cast, and not individual episode casts yet.

• March 6, 2008, 9:12 a.m. CST

#### Amazing book!

by Andyb77

I listened to it in my car on the commute. It was extremely engrossing, I didn't want to leave my car! It was pretty interesting to see how much of a tool Thomas Jefferson was.

• March 6, 2008, 9:24 a.m. CST

#### William Daniels was so "Tone Deaf" He Won A Tony Award

by uss cygnus

William Daniels won a Tony Award for his performance as John Adams. He's not tone deaf. His singing was intentionally directed to be slightly irritating because the character of John Adams was "Obnoxious and Disliked" by most of the characters in the show. It was a directorial and character choice, and a brilliant one. 1776 is one of the greatest musicals ever written. If you've never seen it live on stage, you need to see it. The movie does not do it justice.

• March 6, 2008, 9:26 a.m. CST

#### I hope this is more than revisionist liberal propaganda bullshit

by uss cygnus

"This is a country of LAWS, not men." Uh, no. This is a country of government for the people, of the people, by the people. The constitution and bill of rights is not a suicide pact.

• March 6, 2008, 9:35 a.m. CST

#### Revisionist Liberal Propaganda Bullshit

by kevinwillis.net

Even if it is, it won't be nearly as hostile to America and American history and our forefathers--oops, I mean "even-handed and honest" as liberals--oops, I mean "non-ideological fact-based rationalists" want it to be. No matter what sort of revisionist history you see, Cygnus, and are repulsed by, take heart in the fact that 90% of the liberals--oops, I mean "right thinking people"--are going to hate it as much as you, because it doesn't show George Washington and Thomas Jefferson smoking opium pipes while torturing native Americans and whipping their slaves while laughing maniacally.

• March 6, 2008, 9:38 a.m. CST

#### No Country of Laws for Old Men. Heh.

by kevinwillis.net

The point being, the rule of law was a critical point for a country trying to establish a functional constitution at some point, as well as one trying to break with the monarchy and class systems where there were different laws for different people, depending on their position in society. I'm sure it's massaged to make a point how John Adams would have defended terrorists detained in Gitmo. But then, what does that matter? He was an old white man in part responsible for the travesty that is known as America! Damn old white bastard.

• March 6, 2008, 10 a.m. CST

#### I misread that as being directed by Tobe Hooper

by tonagan

Now that would have been interesting.

• March 6, 2008, 10 a.m. CST

#### Tom Hanks and his uncanny ability...

by Kid Z

...to sap all the life out of any historical subject.

• March 6, 2008, 10:03 a.m. CST

#### uss cygnus...

by Kid Z

... I take it by your alias that you're in the Navy. You guys do a helluva job but... uh... didn't you take an oath to DEFEND the Constitution of the United States of America? Dissing the Constitution seems, I dunno... more than a little dickish and a lot fascist.

• March 6, 2008, 10:10 a.m. CST

#### Node32774: Thanks for Your Input

by kevinwillis.net

"Man, are you a wanker"

Your contribution is valuable to us, and we will make sure to give it due consideration and get back with you. Thanks!

• March 6, 2008, 10:12 a.m. CST

#### Tobe Hooper is in Talks . . .

by kevinwillis.net

To direct the Philadelphia Chainsaw Massacre. Ben Franklin develops a new tool for American Justice, and British limbs start to fly.

• March 6, 2008, 10:16 a.m. CST

#### TOM HANKS TO OSCARS:

For next year, the requisite band of soldiers who appear with me at every major television and movie event should now be dressed in long blue coats and wearing white powdery wigs.
 oh and buckles on the shoes please.

• March 6, 2008, 10:23 a.m. CST

#### Yeah, Kid Z...you're so right...

by IAmJack'sUserID

I mean From the Earth to the Moon and Band of Brothers were absolutely terrible. /sarcasm

• March 6, 2008, 12:09 p.m. CST

#### Finally a good look at the war for american independence?

by Sakurai

Please be true. I love movies like the Patriot, but such depictions are always overly romanticized and fake. Not to mention the terrible historical inaccuracies. I hope this one shows us a more accurate depiction of what it was like during such a crazy period of history.

• March 6, 2008, 12:54 p.m. CST

#### IAmJack'sEtc. - Band of Brothers....

by Kid Z

made WWII seem yawn-inducingly boring. I didn't see From the Earth to the Moon... I was already bored as hell years earlier by Apollo 13.

• March 6, 2008, 12:56 p.m. CST

#### And what's up with...

by Kid Z

...Hanks always producing TV miniseries versions of theatrical releases he's already starred in? What's next? The Michelangelo Cryptogram?

• March 6, 2008, 12:58 p.m. CST

by Kid Z

...Authentic Puss... now on tour with Citizen Dick!

• March 6, 2008, 1 p.m. CST

#### Brane...

by Kid Z

...no, we just support the accuracy of white rednecks being bigoted @wipes... much like yourself.

• March 6, 2008, 2:08 p.m. CST

#### I've been bitching and complaining about a lack of...

by rbatty024

American costume dramas for years (that aren't The Patriot). Looks like someone finally came through. I hear that Cullough's book is good, but he treats Adams like a God, which can be a little disconcerting.
 Oh, and Brane, you know there are plenty of documented cases of the Puritans having sex with animals, don't you? No culture is perfect, but during the conflict between Europeans and Native Americans the Europeans were the aggressors who stole land that didn't belong to them. During King Philips War there were numerous reports of Europeans raping Native American women and virtually none of the Native Americans doing the same. For the Native Americans this was culturally repugnant. This is not to say that Native Americans didn't commit atrocities, they did, but their culture had certain moral boundaries the Europeans didn't share. For example, the Native Americans might torture someone, but previous to European contact they would never have massacred the large numbers that Europeans did in America and Europe. Face it, during the middle ages Europe was the most barbaric backwards place on Earth. No one has a monopoly on culture or decency, and that goes double for Europeans.

• March 6, 2008, 2:21 p.m. CST

#### Native Americans are not a homogenized people

by Mel Gibsteinberg

I think it is blatantly ignorant to apply labels of "bad" or "good" to all Native Americans. Remember, from native tribe to native tribe these people had different methods and forms of government, religion, and diplomacy. Some tribes sought peace, others sought war and domination. Some were unbelieavably sophisticated in terms of architecture, societal structure, medicine, etc. Other tribes were one step above nomadic herders. I think both liberals, and many ignorant revisionists, get it wrong when they try to make all Native Americans peace loving farmers who only wanted to help, or else buffalo schtuping warmongers who sought the scalps from the whiteman as part of their bloodlust, that and alcohol.
 The reason there is always so much debate over the "nature of the Native American" is that there is no single nature. They differed like European nations, and any attempt to simply group and label is ridiculous.

• March 6, 2008, 2:27 p.m. CST

#### Good point Mel.

by rbatty024

When I was responding I was thinking of mostly east coast Native Americans, but even that is problematic. The different environments across North America created a myriad of different cultures from the previously mentioned nomadic plains Indians to the Aztecs whose capital city was larger than any European equivalent.

• March 6, 2008, 2:34 p.m. CST

#### I am a small part cherokee...

by Sakurai

My ancestors took the land from my other ancestors and then had sex with their daughters. Now I can get scholarship money and access to terrible free health care. Funny how things work out.

• March 6, 2008, 2:44 p.m. CST

#### Oprah plays Betsy Ross

by skywalkerfamily

Riots in the streets.

• March 6, 2008, 3:16 p.m. CST

#### Yeah rbatty

by Mel Gibsteinberg

For the most part, the differences in tribes become smaller as you zero in on regions, like the North East. However, even so, there were still differences between several of the major tribes in the Northeast. It is like saying that the Normans and Saxons were more similar than the Normans and say the Italians. They were all peoples of Europe, and as you zeroed in on regions the differences became smaller, but still they were there.
 But to revisit the topic, I do find certain complaints against American history biopics as absurd, simply because they don't show all the "evil" things the white man did. When viewed through the lens of our modern day, every dominant culture of the past was barbaric in a sense, as their views of humanity was based more on the nation or people, and not on the individual. Our culture today says the individual is just as important as the nation as a whole, that is a radical departure from nearly every culture in the history of civilization. So to criticize historical motives based on today's philosophy is ultimately futile.

• March 6, 2008, 3:23 p.m. CST

#### You don't have to show Europeans as evil...

by rbatty024

to make a historically accurate film. I do think showing the complexity of the times is appropriate. I hated it in The Patriot when the main character didn't own slaves, because I guarantee you that would not have been the case. He would have been undersold on all of his crops if that was the case. So whitewashing history doesn't fly with me. I think adults are capable of understanding a little complexity.

• March 6, 2008, 3:44 p.m. CST

#### BoB

by Alientoast

What the hell is with the Band of Brothers hate? That series was excellent. The handful of WW2 vets I know also thought it was well done and was a pretty accurate depiction of how it was. On a side note, I'm really looking forward to The Pacific. The Western Front in WW2 was Club Med compared to what the Marines were going through in places like Pelilu.

• March 6, 2008, 4:20 p.m. CST

#### I, too, denonce the Band of Brothers hate...

by BizarroJerry

What the hell? That show was one of the greatest things ever shown on television. And it sure was full of unnecessary flag-waving. It just showed what the soldiers went through. They weren't all shown as saints, and nobody's yelling, "For America!" And someone called it boring? I suppose you were expecting an action movie? Yeesh. It was about the soldiers who fought in the war. That was it. No political agenda, no over the top action scenes. They didn't even really show the Germans as being heartless Nazis! *sigh*
As for John Adams, from what I've heard of him, he is definitely an unsung hero when compared to Jefferson, Franklin and Washington. I think it's because he wasn't as flashy as the others and wasn't the kind of "celebrity" that they were. I definitely agree that we really have to see a real look at the American Revolution on film. I thought The Patriot would be that film, but it was a Hollywood "blockbuster" instead, demonizing the British, as if the war couldn't be explained without over the top villains. It sounds to me like this will show some of these events as they happened, warts and all. Interesting to see a heartfelt speech from a loyalist guy who doesn't want independence. And, ya know what? The "they were rich, white, slave owners" complaint is so damn old. We get it. Everyone knows it. These men weren't terrorized, abused peasants. That doesn't mean what they did wasn't something special. And if someone has any flaws, we can't praise anything they ever did? I agree that the bad is often overlooked for some romanticization of the Revolution, but we don't have to go the other way and say how terrible the founding fathers all were and how the country they founded is just all a bunch of bullshit. Like no other friggin' countries celebrate their history by focusing on the good. Personally, I don't mind hearing about the less than wonderful parts of these guys' lives. It makes them more human, and I don't think that means they don't deserve any praise. Not to mention the war wasn't just fought by the leaders. I suppose every one of those minutemen were rich, landowners?
Christ, you people have got me ranting like Rush Limbaugh here!

• March 6, 2008, 4:22 p.m. CST

#### Dammit...

by BizarroJerry

I meant to say BofB was NOT full of unnecessary flag-waving. Harry, install a real message board, for God's sake!

• March 6, 2008, 4:23 p.m. CST

#### You're alright, BizarroJerry...

by James Westfall

It's cool. Being pro-America is now counter-culture. It's the new punk. I revel in it alongside you!

• March 6, 2008, 4:45 p.m. CST

by mrmgp

Does this mean we'll hear Ben Franklin saying things like "cocksucker?"

• March 6, 2008, 5:19 p.m. CST

#### Great review!

by Reynard Muldrake

Too bad I don't get HBO...DVD, I s'pose. And bonus points for the 'inbetween accents' and 'bad teeth'...ALmost as authentic as '10,000 B.C.' I'm sure. I keed, I keed.

• March 6, 2008, 7:03 p.m. CST

#### Knock Knock. Who's there?

by King_Knut

Go fuck yourself.

• March 6, 2008, 7:05 p.m. CST

#### Knock Knock. Who's there?

by King_Knut

Go fuck yourself.

• March 6, 2008, 8:33 p.m. CST

#### Tom Wilkinson?

Ben Franklin was bald, ugly, syphilitic and about 5'9...Tom Wilkinson is a great actor, but a horrendous choice for Franklin. was Phillip Seymour Hoffman unavailable?

• March 6, 2008, 8:35 p.m. CST

#### USS Cygnus

you gotta be kidding me? you can insert the phrase "liberal propoganda" in ANY talkback. no matter how irrelevant and nonsensical it is. it's almost impressive, like the moron who wrote "Damn you Michael Bay" endlessly. only I think he knew that he wasn't saying anything of any substance...
I think even anchorite is tired of you. and that's saying a lot. if you're so moronic that one of the 5 or so conservatives on this site doesn't want you on his side...man, it might be time for a new screenname and a change of pace, kiddo.

• March 7, 2008, 1:47 a.m. CST

#### Will John Adams be banging his slaves?

by skywalkerfamily

Cause he owned Slaves right? Doesn't he have like a billion kids?

• March 7, 2008, 5:46 a.m. CST

#### HANKS + HBO = MUST SEE

by Mullah Omar

I haven't seen a bad Hanks-produced HBO miniseries - the guy is truly using his clout for the powers of good TV. BAND OF BROTHERS was outstanding. FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON was great. I'm really looking forward to the JOHN ADAMS miniseries.

• March 7, 2008, 7:15 a.m. CST

#### Mullah, don't forget Big Love as well.

by rbatty024

I believe he produces that, which seems like an odd choice for Hanks. It's not historically based or anything. Maybe Tom's been trying to convince his wife that it's time to live the principle.

• March 7, 2008, 9:51 a.m. CST

#### I didn't know that Adams didn't own slaves.

by rbatty024

I wonder how central his farm was to his income. He did live in the Northern states after all (unlike Gibson's character in The Patriot). Not to diminish his moral judgment. I have profound respect for the founding fathers, in all their complexity and contradictions. My favorite has always been Thomas Paine.

• March 7, 2008, 10:11 a.m. CST

by Good_Citizen

John Adams, in addition to being a Farmer was also a Lawyer. While his farm was a success and a source of great joy to him it was nothing when compared to Plantations in the South. He needed far fewer hands to run his farm. He and his wife were against slavery, They had even been presented with a young salve girl as a gift and immediately arranged for her to be freed. However, his dislike of slavery did not prevent him from on occasion hiring slaves from others. While he did pay for their work and the treatment was far better than the average slave could have hoped for I doubt the Masters of these slaves shared the payment given by Adams.

• March 7, 2008, 10:27 a.m. CST

#### That's what I figured Good Citizen.

by rbatty024

Again, it comes back to The Patriot whitewashing history. Although, whenever Mel Gibson makes an appearance, the last thing I should look for is historical accuracy.

• March 7, 2008, 10:50 a.m. CST

#### RE: Adams, Farming and Slaves

by Good_Citizen

I don't think my earlier post gave as good of an account of John and Abigail's character in regards to Slavery. They were fiercely against slavery. Corespondence between them and with others showed how they felt it was a great evil. They also backed up their convictions with action. When duty called both John and Abigail away from the farm they sublet it to a free black couple. In addition, Abigail had arranged for a former slave to attend a Trade School with the other white farm hands. Shortly after the classes began the white men threatned to quit the School if he was allowed to continue on. When Abigail heard about this she called the men to her home and chastised them for such bigotry. The men sheepishly resumed class and the matter was never brought up again.

• March 7, 2008, 11:18 a.m. CST

#### Good to hear the positives Stallion...

by morGoth

...really looking forward to this series if for no other reason than they filmed a lot of it in nearby Williamsburg. Also, I'll get in lin (by my couch) to see anything Hanks does. I hope this approaches or even surpasses the excellent Band of Brothers.

• March 7, 2008, 11:27 a.m. CST

#### "I found both way to steeped in American mythos..."

by morGoth

...since Band Of brothers was about an American combat unit, what on earth did you expect? Same with the space program; Were you expecting Nazi sympathy and glorious attributions to Sputnik?

• March 7, 2008, 4 p.m. CST

#### this looks solid.......

by Samwise Ganja

but is there any news on PREACHER anywhere???? god i want that shit and i want it treated RIGHT....

• March 8, 2008, 12:33 a.m. CST

#### damn,

by Stevie Grant

I'm really looking forward to this show. As far as the whole revisionist/pro-U-S-of-A/accuracy debate... I don't care. If this show is anywhere close to the quality of Band of Brothers, I doubt anyone will care about that after a couple episodes. Or I hope it's that good, cause I really like history and HBO shows.

• March 8, 2008, 2:32 a.m. CST

#### Indigenous - FYI

by Cybyer

indigenous Main Entry: in·dig·e·nous Pronunciation: \in-ˈdi-jə-nəs\ Function: adjective Etymology: Late Latin indigenus, from Latin indigena, noun, native, from Old Latin indu, endo in, within + Latin gignere to beget — more at end-, kin Date: 1646 1 : having originated in and being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment <indigenous plants> <the indigenous culture> 2 : innate, inborn synonyms see native — in·dig·e·nous·ly adverb — in·dig·e·nous·ness noun

• March 8, 2008, 2:39 a.m. CST

by Cybyer

Going by the above merriam-webster definition of 'indigenous', anyone originiating or produced in America is a native American.
 Besides, there's no such thing as an "original" American. Human life crawled out of the muck in Africa and spread across the continents. The American Indians got to North America first, but they didn't originate there.

• March 8, 2008, 7:58 a.m. CST

#### Cybyer, you misread the definition.

by rbatty024

You forgot the word "naturally." There is nothing natural about the conquest of North America. I don't know why I'm responding because Node already covered this.

• March 8, 2008, 1:37 p.m. CST

#### Why not Node32774?

by morGoth

Because it wasn’t about Nazi’s (except killing them) or Sputnik. Kinda self explanatory, yes? BOB was based on, y’know, the book of the same name. Furthermore, I don’t get where, especially BOB, was “black and white,” as you say. Many of the troops (interviews as well) showed mixed emotions about killing other human beings, for example. Also, didn’t the German general get the message to the audience, both at home and to Maj. Winters and crew, when he was addressing his troops for the last time that combat creates band of brothers in all country’s combatants? That’s pretty exoteric to me though, as the Spaniard said, “Maybe that words doesn’t mean what you think that word means.” Honestly, I think you’re reading into things (see: engaging filters) quite a bit or brought that baggage with you when viewing those fine series. Esoteric, not!

• March 8, 2008, 6:07 p.m. CST

by Cobbio

Thanks for the review, Stallion. I read McCullough's book a few years ago and really loved it. His writing style is crisp and moves quickly through the snow and cannon smoke of early America. He captured John Adams in a way I'd never read before: as an smart, practical, but imperfect man fearful of human nature. His years in France ended harrowingly when The French Revolution erupted with months of guillotine-messy bloodshed. Pretty powerful stuff. Adams witnessed the brutally dark result of an unbalanced government so upon returning to America fought hard for a three-pronged balance of power. I admired him more than ever after reading McCullough's novel.
 Can't wait to see this on HBO. If Hanks and company get this right... holy shit will I be happy.

• March 8, 2008, 6:16 p.m. CST

#### Amazing book.

by DocPazuzu

This miniseries is what I'm most looking forward to on TV this year. McCullough did NOT make Adams out to be "a god", and pointed out many of his weaknesses, not least of which being a puritanical streak and a touch of vanity. Considering the astounding achievements of Adams, the courage and moral decency he showed in his public life, he can be forgiven his personal faults.
 Do yourselves a favor - read the book and marvel at the eloquence and intelligence of Adams and his peers, and shudder when considering the vast intellectual gulf which separates them from the presidential material of recent decades.
 George W Bush isn't fit to shine the buckles on Adams' shoes.

• March 8, 2008, 6:25 p.m. CST

#### You tools...

by DocPazuzu

...hating on Hanks and HBO need to STFU. Seriously, when you've reached the point where you start hating on From The Earth To The Moon and Band of Brothers you have literally proven that you have no taste whatsoever. And very small penises.

• March 8, 2008, 8:45 p.m. CST

#### Amen Doc...

by morGoth

...amazes me that anyone could even criticize those two series. I'll take your advice and read the book about Adams though it'll have to be after the series. Don't wan't to spoil it or anything 'cuz I've always wondered if the Brits lost that war (notices lobsters crawling out of ears) and if the colonist ever did start a new country.

• March 8, 2008, 9:38 p.m. CST

#### rbatty024

by Cybyer

Depends on what you consider "natural". Humanity has been warring with each other since it began. Animals are constantly fighting each other. Conquest looks pretty natural to me. As much as I enjoy peace and civilization, history does not paint them to be our natural state.

• March 8, 2008, 10:04 p.m. CST

#### Besides...

by Cybyer

My whole point was that walking across the Bering Strait to settle an area doesn't make you any more indigenous to a region than sailing across the sea to settle it.
 Anyone born in an area is, by definition, native to that area. Otherwise, Native Americans would be historically known as Introduced Americans instead, since they did not originate in America any more than caucasians, blacks, Asians, etc. did.

• March 8, 2008, 11:58 p.m. CST

#### Cybyer...

by rbatty024

do you really think that genocide of a culture is the same as living in a certain environment and adapting to that environment culturally? I think walking across the Bering Strait is more natural than the decimation of an entire populace. During King Philip's War there was an early battle where the Native Americans killed over fifty European settlers and believed it to be the largest death toll in history. In Europe this was nothing. Basically it would have been average as far as deaths in a single battle were concerned. I believe this is enough evidence to show that the kind of devastation Europeans inflicted upon the Native Americans was not "natural." The culture, and hierarchy, of the Europeans had already been established by the time the Europeans reached North America. Unlike the Native Americans whose culture was informed by the North American environment over tens of thousands of years. Do you see a difference between the two, because if you don't then you're blind.
 Let's try one more. The plains Indians, such as the Sioux, built their culture around the Buffalo. In fact, they used just about every part of the Buffalo as a means to survive. This was because over centuries their culture "naturally" adapted to their environment unlike those who would attempt to replace them in the span of decades.

• March 9, 2008, 12:27 a.m. CST

#### damnit...

by Stevie Grant

This historical accuracy debate needs to end. Nobody will watch a show that makes an earnest attempt to be true the times back then: they were just too brutal, ignorant, and ugly. That includes the Native Americans. The Native American peoples' (especially plains Indians) interactions with other Native American tribes consisted of either a peaceful meeting between tribes... or the random ambush, murder or enslavement of persons. Life was hard and ugly back then. The ugliness only needs to be included to juxtapose the philosophical and political genius of the Founding Fathers and the advancement of North American civilization since that period. It's very easy to pretend that "Native Americans" lived in harmony with nature and each other... but that just isn't the case. And I'm not defending the genocide of the Native Americans by the US Government... I'm just saying that isn't that important to the mini-series biography about John Adams.

• March 9, 2008, 12:39 a.m. CST

#### Stevie Grant, you're right that...

by rbatty024

this mini series does not have to focus on Native Americans. It's about the relationship between the colonists and the British, and it will naturally be a partial picture. You just can't fit an entire time period into a mini series. The Native American debate came about when Brane attempted to argue that Native Americans coming over here on the Bering Strait and living for tens of thousands of years is the same as the conquest of the Americas and living on the continent for centuries. He believes that both cultures should be termed Native Americans.
 By no means do I believe that Europeans are inherently evil. My ancestors are European, but I don't think that makes them Native Americans. There is a difference between the two definitions.

• March 9, 2008, 12:56 a.m. CST

#### Who knew that it was so contoversial to claim...

by rbatty024

that the Native American culture is different from a European one? Strange, indeed.

• March 10, 2008, 9:57 p.m. CST

#### you know what would be cool?

by captain_kirk

They should set the constitutional convention on an island. Each of the 50 or so guys who signed the constitution fights to see who gets to sign last. John Hancock wins.

• March 10, 2008, 9:58 p.m. CST

#### and yes...

by captain_kirk

I know it was the Declaration of Independence that Hancock signed last..I just got carried away..but still....

• March 12, 2008, 6:47 a.m. CST

#### rbatty024

by Cybyer

"Who knew that it was so contoversial to claim that the Native American culture is different from a European one?"
 It's not. The point of the argument is that it's historically inaccurate (perhaps a better word would be "outdated")to refer to ANYONE as native Americans. No one sprang forth from the dirt in North America. That was the point I was making when I entered the argument. Why not just refer to the individual tribes involved by name? Or would that hurt your perception that the Native Americans were all one big happy land-loving family?

• March 12, 2008, 6:55 a.m. CST

#### Speaking of Genocide...

by Cybyer

I'd like to know just how many distict tribes and their cultures were wiped out as Native American culture spread over North America and tribes warred among themselves for the plum territories of just for the hell of it. Too bad that part of history is still mostly lost. Don't even try to tell me that it didn't happen. War and atrocity has followed humanity to every corner of the globe. Talk about human "nature"...

• March 12, 2008, 6:58 a.m. CST

#### Dammit! Need edit button.

by Cybyer

"...how many [distinct] tribes..."

 "...territories [or] just for..."

• March 17, 2008, 8:52 a.m. CST

#### It was brilliant!

by Luscious.868

I loved every minute of it. Just when I was thinking about canceling HBO, they come out with this. Between John Adams, In Treatment, Real Time with Bill Maher, another season of Curb and the upcoming movie about the Florida Recount, HBO is giving me just enough to keep my subscription going.

• March 17, 2008, 11:37 a.m. CST

#### Excellent!!

by morGoth

The first two episodes are right up there with band of Brothers and is indeed brilliant. Can't wait for the next five installments. Congrats to Hanks, Giamatti and, wow, laura Linney for showing just how good television can be. Superb!!