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# Graph Data Extractor¶

The Graph Data Extractor is an application to convert image files of axes with data points to comma-separated files that can be used with Myokit, spreadsheets, and more.

## Implementation¶

class myokit.gui.gde.GraphDataExtractor(filename=None)

Main window for the graph data extractor.

action_about()

action_add_data_point(x=0.5, y=0.5)

Adds a data point to the document.

action_add_data_set()

Adds a new data set to the document.

action_extract()

Extracts the data points and saves them in a csv file.

action_license()

Displays this program’s licensing information.

action_new()

Lets the user start a new project.

action_open()

Let the user select an gde file to load.

action_open_recent()

Opens a recent file.

action_redo()

Redo the last action.

action_revert()

Reloads the current file (if any).

action_save(save_as=False)

Saves the current document to a file.

action_save_as()

Saves the current document to a file.

action_set_image()

Sets the image file

action_undo()

Undo the last action.

add_recent_file(filename)

Adds the given filename to the list of recent files.

clear_focus()

Used to clear focus (potentially finishing edit operations!) before any action is performed.

closeEvent(event=None)

Called when window is closed. To force a close (and trigger this function, call self.close())

create_menu()

create_toolbar()

Creates this widget’s toolbar

handle_action_exception(document, exception)

Handles exceptions during an action exception perform or undo method.

handle_mouse_moved(x, y)

Displays the current cursor position.

handle_node_selected(node)

Handles changes in document selection.

handle_undo_redo_change(document)

Handles changes to undo/redo history.

load_config()

Loads the user configuration from an ini file.

load_document(filename=None)

Loads a document into the editor.

prompt_save_changes()

Checks if there were any changes made to this document, if so, it prompts the user to save the current project.

Returns True if the user selected “yes” or “no” or there were no changes to save. Returns False if the user selected “cancel”.

save_config()

Saves the user configuration to an ini file.

set_filename(filename=None)

Changes the current filename.

update_recent_files_menu()

update_window_title()

Sets this window’s title based on the current state.

myokit.gui.gde.icon()

### Actions¶

class myokit.gui.gde.DA_AddVariable(parent, vtype, name, value=None)

Adds a DocumentVariable to a DocumentNode

class myokit.gui.gde.DA_AddNode(parent, ntype, name, variables)

Adds a child to a parent node.

Variables can be added using a list of tuples (type, name, value).

class myokit.gui.gde.DA_ChangeVariable(variable, value)

Changes a value within a DocumentNode

class myokit.gui.gde.DA_ChangeVariables(node, variables)

Changes one or more variables in a node. variables must be a dict mapping variable names to values.

class myokit.gui.gde.DA_RemoveNode(node)

Deletes a child node.

class myokit.gui.gde.DA_RemoveVariable(parent, variable)

Removes a DocumentVariable form a DocumentNode

### Document¶

class myokit.gui.gde.Document(parent, filename=None)

Represents an xml like document.

can_drag(node)

Returns True if the given DocumentNode is drag/drop enabled.

can_redo()

Returns True if there are actions that can be redone.

can_undo()

Returns True if there are actions that can be undone.

delete()

Deletes this document.

get_model()

Returns a model of this document for use with TreeView components.

has_changes()

Returns True if any changes were made to this document (even if they were subsequently undone).

redo()

Redoes the last undone action.

undo()

Undoes the last action.

write(filename)

Writes this document to the given path.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentNode(parent, ntype, name)

The DocumentNode class is used to build a tree structure where each node can contain one or more DataValue objects.

A parent must be specified: For document roots this should be the QObject owning the document, for all other nodes it should be the parent node.

Each node has an ntype, which describes the type of node it is. This is a string property that can be set freely.

Data stored in the node can be obtained using get_value()

add_child(ntype, name, variables=None)

Appends a child to this node.

Variables can be added by setting variables to a list of tuples (type, name, value).

add_variable(vtype, name, value=None)

Adds a DocumentVariable to this node.

can_drag()

Returns True if this item is draggable / droppable.

child(k)

Returns the k-th child node.

Required to work with DocumentModel.

clear_selection()

Clears the selection (if any) of this node and any children nodes.

data()

Returns an iterator over the DocumentValue objects stored in this node.

deselect()

Deselect this node in any listening views.

get(*names)

Returns the child node with the given name.

get_document()

Retuns the document this node is in.

get_model()

Returns the document model for the document this node is in.

get_model_index(column=0)

Returns a QModelIndex object refering to this node.

get_model_selection()

Returns a QItemSelection for this node’s entire row.

get_name()

Returns this node’s name.

get_ntype()

Returns this node’s ntype.

get_parent_node()

Returns this node’s parent, or None if this node is a root node.

get_value(name)

Returns the value of this node’s variable with the given name.

get_values(*names)

Returns all the requested variable values (see get_value())

get_variable(name)

Returns this node’s variable with the given name.

get_xml()

Returns an ElementTree xml version of this node.

has_value(name)

Returns True if this node has a variable with the given name.

index()

Returns the index of this node in its parent’s list of kids.

Required to work with DocumentModel

is_selected()

Returns True if this node is selected.

parent()

Returns this node’s parent.

Required to work with DocumentModel.

remove()

Removes this node.

select()

Tells any views listening to this node that it should be selected.

set_value(**values)

Sets one or more variables in this node using the keyword syntax.

silent_add_child(ntype, name)

Creates and appends a child node without using actions or sending out signals.

Returns the new node.

silent_add_existing_child(child)

Appends a child node without using actions or sending out signals.

silent_add_existing_variable(var)

Appens a variable without using actions or sending out signals.

silent_add_variable(vtype, name, value=None)

Creates and appends a variable to this node without using actions or sending out signals.

Returns the new variable.

silent_remove_child(node)

Removes a child without using actions or sending out signals.

silent_remove_variable(variable)

Removes a variable without using actions or sending out signals.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentVariable(node, vtype, name, value=None)

Stores a variable in a document node.

get_name()

Returns this variable’s name.

get_node()

Returns the node this variable belongs to.

get_str_value()

Returns this variable’s value as a string.

get_value()

Returns this variable’s value in its native type.

get_vtype()

Returns this variable’s data type.

get_xml()

Returns an ElementTree object representing this variable.

set_value(value)

Changes this variable’s value.

silent_set_value(value)

Changes this variable’s data type, without using actions or sending signals.

### Penalized Spline¶

myokit.gui.gde.pspline()

Computes a penalized B-spline (or P-spline) that fits the data given by x, y.

If an argument x2 is given, the spline is evaluated at each point in x2 and the resulting values are returned. If no value x2 is given the evaluations at x are returned.

The fitted spline will have nseg segments of degree deg. Data fitting is performed using a penalty of degree pdeg (e.g. a penalty on the pdeg-th derivative). Smoothing is introduced using a smoothing factor s.

Both x and y must be 1D arrays of the same length. The length of x2 is arbitrary.

P-splines are described in:

Flexible Smoothing with B-splines and Penalties Paul H.C. Eilers and Brian D. Marx Statistical Science 1996, Vol. 11, No. 2, 89-121

This method was adapted from a computer lab script by Paul Eilers, 2007 http://www.stat.lsu.edu/faculty/marx/

### Widgets¶

class myokit.gui.gde.AxisItem(node)

Data axis

boundingRect()

Returns this item’s bounding rectangle.

get_sibling_ref(ref)

Given reference point 1, this method returns point 2 and vice versa.

init(scene, node)

Initialize to the given node and scene

is_x()

Returns true if this is an x-axis.

paint(painter, option, widget)

Paints this reference point

update_coords()

Updates the coordinates of this axis.

class myokit.gui.gde.AxisPointItem(node, axis)

Reference point for an axis.

boundingRect()

Returns this item’s bounding rectangle.

get_npos()

Returns this item’s normalised coordinates.

handle_drag(x, y)

Item has been dragged and released.

handle_drag_live(x, y)

Item is being dragged.

handle_variable_changed(node, variable)

Variable in item’s node has changed.

init(scene, node)

Initialize to the given scene and node.

keyPressEvent(event)

A key is pressed while this item has focus.

keyReleaseEvent(event)

A key is released while this item has focus.

paint(painter, option, widget)

Paints this reference point

restrict_movement(x, y)

Used to restrict the drag movement of this item if ctrl is held.

set_npos(x, y)

Repositions this item using normalised coordinates (range 0..1)

class myokit.gui.gde.BoolVariableField(parent, variable)

Editor field for text based values.

handleFieldChanged()

Called when this field initiates a change.

handleVariableChanged(variable)

Called when the underlying variable is changed (including changes made by this field).

class myokit.gui.gde.DataPointItem(node, parent)

Data point view on the image.

boundingRect()

Returns this item’s bounding rectangle.

handle_drag(x, y)

Item has been dragged and released.

handle_variable_added(node, variable)

handle_variable_changed(node, variable)

Variable in item’s node has changed.

keyPressEvent(event)

A key is pressed while this item has focus.

paint(painter, option, widget)

Paints this reference point

set_scene(scene)

Scene is set or replaced.

class myokit.gui.gde.DataSetItem(node)

Data Set item. Usually empty, but can draw an interpolating p-spline.

boundingRect()

Returns this item’s bounding rectangle.

disconnect()

Disconnects any listeners attached to this item.

handle_child_added(parent, child)

Handle addition of a data point.

handle_child_removed(parent, child)

Handle removal of a data point.

handle_variable_changed()

Handles the event where a child variable is changed.

init(scene, node)

Initialize to the given node and scene

paint(painter, option, widget)

Paints this spline

update_spline()

Creates a spline based on the current data set.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentAction

Represents an action that can be performed on a document.

perform()

Performs this action. Return type depends on action.

undo()

Undoes this action. Return type depends on action.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentEditDock(parent)

A dock for selecting properties to edit.

set_document(document)

Sets or replaces this dock’s document.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentModel(document)

Implements the Qt abstract item model for a Document.

columnCount(node)

Return number of columns in this node

data(index, role)

Returns the data stored at the given index (where index is given as a qt QModelIndex).

flags(index)

Returns the relevant flags for the item at this index.

headerData(section, orientation, role)

Return the header for the row/column requested as section.

index(row, column, parent)

Create an index for the selected row and column, counted from the given parent index (as a QModelIndex object).

parent(index)

Return an index to the parent of the item at the given index.

rowCount(parent)

Returns the number of children in the DocumentNode at the given index.

supportedDropActions()

Returns a flag indicating the supported drop actions for QItems.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentTreeView(parent)

Treeview for documents.

node_selected(node)

Selection changed in any view.

node_selected_local(event)

Selection changed in this view.

set_document(document)

Sets or replaces this view’s document.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentVariableEditDock(parent, select_dock)

A dock for editing a node’s variables.

set_document(document)

Sets or replaces this dock’s document.

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentVariableField(parent, variable)

Abstract class to be extended by variable edit fields of different types

static create(parent, variable)

Creates a new DocumentVariableField of the appropriate class.

handleFieldChanged()

Called when the field initiates a change.

handleVariableChanged(variable)

Called when the underlying variable is changed (including changes made by this field).

class myokit.gui.gde.DocumentVariableList(parent)

Displays a list of properties and allows them to be edited.

handle_node_deleted(document, node)

Called when a node is deleted.

handle_node_selected(node)

Called when a node is selected in one of the views.

set_document(document)

Tells this variable list to work with the given document.

set_node(node)

Sets or replaces this variable list’s node.

class myokit.gui.gde.DraggableItem(node, parent=None)

Item on the scene that can be picked up and moved around.

handle_drag(x, y)

Called if the user has dragged to node to scene coordinates (x, y) and released it.

handle_drag_live(x, y)

Called while the user is dragging the node to scene coordinates (x, y).

itemChange(change, value)

Stay on the scene. (Like a sex machine).

mouseMoveEvent(event)

Item being moved using the mouse.

mousePressEvent(event)

Mouse pressed? Then show drag icon and allow moving

mouseReleaseEvent(event)

Mouse button released again.

restrict_movement(x, y)

Allows restricted movement of points. Called with the scene coordinates. Should return a tuple (x, y).

class myokit.gui.gde.GdeDocument(parent, filename=None)

Represents a document used by the GDE.

The argument parent should be a QObject owning this document.

add_data_fit()

Adds a data fit to this document.

add_data_set()

Adds a data set to this document.

can_drag(node)

Returns True if the given node is draggable.

extract_data(path)

Extracts the data from every data set in the scene and writes it to a series of csv files.

get_active_data_set()

Returns the currently active dataset. If the document doesn’t contain any datasets a new set is created.

get_xml()

Returns an ElementTree xml version of this document.

handle_axis_changed()

Updates the coordinate conversion scheme when the axes are changed.

handle_data_set_added(parent, dset)

Called when a data set is added to the data node.

handle_data_set_removed(parent, dset)

Called when a data set is removed from the data node.

handle_node_selected(node)

Called when a node is selected in this document.

set_active_data_set(data_set)

Sets the currently active data set.

class myokit.gui.gde.GdeScene(gde)

Editable scene displaying the current Gde document

clear()

Clears this scene, disconnects from document.

get_item_for_node(node)

Returns the first scene item found for the given node.

handle_node_added(parent, child)

A node is added to the document.

handle_node_removed(parent, child)

A node is removed from the document.

mouseDoubleClickEvent(event)

Double-click: set background image.

mouseMoveEvent(event)

Show mouse position in status bar

mousePressEvent(event)

norm2scene(x, y)

Converts normalised coordinates to scene coordinates.

scene2norm(x, y)

Converts scene coordinates to normalised coordinates.

set_document(document)

Constructs a scene based on a document

class myokit.gui.gde.GdeView(scene)

Views the main GDE scene.

resizeEvent(event)

Called when the view is resized.

class myokit.gui.gde.ImageItem(node)

Draws a full-size background image onto the scene.

boundingRect()

Returns this item’s bounding rectangle.

handle_variable_changed(node, variable)

Variable in item’s node has changed.

init(scene, node)

Initialize to the given scene and node.

paint(painter, option, widget)

Paints this item.

class myokit.gui.gde.Line2D(a, b=None, c=None, d=None)

Represents a line segment in 2D euclidean space. A line is defined using two points, representing the ‘head’ and ‘tail’ of a vector connecting the points.

A Line2D can be created in three ways:

1. Using x = Line2D(y), where y is another instance of Line2D.
2. Using x = Line2D(tail, head), where both tail and head are instances of Point2D.
3. Using x = Line2D(tail_x, tail_y, head_x, head_y) where all arguments are of types that can be converted to float.
intersect(other)

Returns the point where the given lines intersect.

move_to(point)

Moves this line definition vector so that its tail is at the given point.

point(k)

Returns a point p on the line according to:

p = tail + k * (head - tail)

where k is a scalar value and p, tail and head are 2D points.

translate(distance)

Moves this vector an x and y distance specified by the given Point2D.

class myokit.gui.gde.Point2D(x, y=None)

Represents a point in R2.

transform(a, b, c, d)

Transforms this point by multiplying with the matrix ((a, b),(c, d)).

class myokit.gui.gde.TextVariableField(parent, variable)

Editor field for text based values.

focusOutEvent(event)

Called when this field loses focus.

handleFieldChanged()

Called when the value is changed by the user.

handleVariableChanged(variable)

Called when the underlying variable is changed (including changes made by this field).

class myokit.gui.gde.SceneItem(node, parent=None)

Item on the scene that is connected to a part of the model.

Items are hierarchical: most items have parent=None, but items can be created as child items by setting the parent argument to another SceneItem.

deselect()

Deselects this node, if possible.

disconnect()

Disconnect all listeners connected to by this item. Implementing subclasses that override this method should still make a call to the parent method.

get_node()

Returns this item’s DocumentNode.

get_npos()

Returns this item’s normalised coordinates.

handle_document_deleted(doc)

Called when the document this item’s node is in is deleted.

handle_variable_changed(node, variable)

Called when a variable inside this item’s node is changed.

init(scene, node)

Called when this item needs to be (re-)set to the given scene and node. Both scene and node may be None.

itemChange(change, value)

Handles event when this item has changed

select()

Selects this node, if possible.

set_node(node=None)

Sets or replaces this item’s node.

set_npos(x, y)

Sets this item’s position based on the normalized coordinates (x, y)

set_scene(scene)

Sets or replaces this item’s scene


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# Math Help - Evaluate the indefinite integral

1. ## Evaluate the indefinite integral

I need to evaluate this integral

dt/(t^2-1)^2

I originally tried trig sub, by setting t=secx, but I only got so far as secx/(tanx)^3.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Mike

2. $\displaystyle \int \dfrac{dt}{(t^2 - 1)^2} = \int \dfrac{dt}{(1-t^2)^2} =$

Substitute in $t^2 = \sin^2(x)$ and use the pythagorean identity.

EDIT: Actually, Nevermind.

3. Use partial fractions first and then integrate:

$\displaystyle{\frac{1}{(t^{2}-1)^2} = \frac{1}{4(t+1)}- \frac{1}{4(t-1)}+ \frac{1}{4(t+1)^2}+ \frac{1}{4(t-1)^2}}$

format: plain


text:
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# The eccentricity of an ellipse , with its centre at origin is $\large\frac{1}{2}$, If one of the directrices is $x=4$ then the equation of the ellipse is

$\begin{array}{1 1}(A)\;3x^2+4y^2=1 \\(B)\;3x^2+4y^2=12 \\(C)\;4x^2+3y^2=12 \\(D)\;4x^2+3y^2=1 \end{array}$

Can you answer this question?

## 1 Answer

0 votes
Let the equation of ellipse be $\large\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}$$=1 Here a > b because the directrix parallel to y axis. b^2=a^2 (1-e^2) with e =\large\frac{1}{2} => b^2= \large\frac{3}{4}$$a^2$
But $\large \frac{a}{e}$$=4 => a=2 Required ellipse is \large\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{3}$$=1$
=> $3x^2+4y^2=12$
Hence B is the correct answer.
answered Apr 10, 2014 by

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# 3D Reconstruction

In this practice, the intention is to program the necessary logic to allow kobuki robot to generate a 3D reconstruction of the scene that it is receiving throughout its left and right cameras.

## Installation

Install the General Infrastructure of the JdeRobot Robotics Academy.

## How to run your solution?

Navigate to the 3d_reconstruction directory

cd exercises/3d_reconstruction

Launch Gazebo with the kobuki_3d_reconstruction world through the command

roslaunch ./launch/3d_reconstruction_ros.launch

Then you have to execute the academic application, which will incorporate your code:

python2 ./3d_reconstruction.py 3d_reconstruction_conf.yml

## How to perform the exercise?

To carry out the exercise, you have to edit the file MyAlgorithm.py and insert in it your code, which reconstructs 3d points from the two stero views.

### Where to insert the code?

In the MyAlgorithm.py file,

def algorithm(self):
#GETTING THE IMAGES
# imageR = self.getImage('right')
# imageL = self.getImage('left')

#EXAMPLE OF HOW TO PLOT A RED COLORED POINT
# position = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]	X, Y, Z
# color = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]	R, G, B
# self.point.plotPoint(position, color)

### Application Programming Interface

• self.getImage('left') - to get the left image
• self.getImage('right') - to get the right image
• self.point.PlotPoint(position, color) - to plot the point in the 3d tool

Mouse based: Hold and drag to move around the environment. Scroll to zoom in or out

Keyboard based: Arrow keys to move around the environment. W and S keys to zoom in or out

## Theory

In computer vision and computer graphics, 3D reconstruction is the process of determining an object’s 3D profile, as well as knowing the 3D coordinate of any point on the profile. Reconstruction can be acheived as follows:

• Hardware Based: Hardware based approach requires us to utilize the hardware specific to the reconstruction task. Use of structured light, laser range finder, depth gauge and radiometric methods are some examples.
• Software Based: Software based approach relies on the computation abilities of the computer to determine the 3D properties of the object. Shape from shading, texture, stereo vision and homography are some good methods.

In this exercise our main aim is to carry out 3d reconstruction using Software based approach, particularly stereo vision 3d reconstruction.

### Epipolar Geometry

When two cameras view a 3D scene from two different positions, there are a number of geometric relations between the 3D points and their projections onto the 2D images that lead to constraints between the image points. The study of these properties and constraints is called Epipolar Geometries. The image and explanation below may generalize the idea:

Suppose a point X in 3d space is imaged in two views, at x in the first and x' in the second. Backprojecting the rays to their camera centers through the image planes, we obtain a plane surface, denoted by π.

Supposing now that we know only x, we may ask how the corresponding point x' is constrained. The plane π is determined by the baseline(line connecting the camera centers) and the ray defined by x. From above, we know that the ray corresponding to the unknown point x' lies in π, hence the point x' lies on the line of intersection l' of π with second image plane. This line is called the epipolar line corresponding to x. This relation helps us to reduce the search space of the point in right image, from a plane to a line. Some important definitions to note are:

• The epipole is the point of intersection of the line joining the camera centers (the baseline) with the image plane.

• An epipolar plane is a plane containing the baseline.

• An epipolar line is the intersection of the epipolar plane with the image plane.

### Stereo Reconstruction

Stereo reconstruction is a special case of the above 3d reconstruction where the two image planes are parallel to each other and equally distant from the 3d point we want to plot.

In this case the epipolar line for both the image planes are same, and are parallel to the width of the planes, simplifying our constraint better.

### 3D Reconstruction Algorithm

The reconstruction algorithm consists of 3 steps:

1. Detect the feature points in one image plane
2. Detect the feature point corresponding the one found above
3. Triangulate the point in 3d space

Let’s look at them one by one

### Feature Point Detection

Feature Point Detection is a vast area of study where several algorithms are already studied. Harris Corner Detection and Shi-Tomasi algorithms use eigen values to get a good feature point. But, the problem is we need a lot of points for 3D Reconstruction, and these algorithms won’t be able to provide us with such a large number of feature points.

Therefore, we use edge points as our feature points. There may be ambiguity in their detection in the next stage of the algorithm. But, our problem is solved by taking edges as the feature points. One really cool edge detector is Canny Edge Detection Algorithm. The algorithm is quite simple and reliable in terms of generating the edges.

### Feature Point Extraction

The use of the epipolar constraint really simplifies the time complexity of our algorithm. For general 3d reconstruction problems, we have to generate an epipolar line for every point in one image frame, and then search in that sample space the corresponding point in the other image frame. The generation of epipolar line is also very easy in our case, it is just the parallel line iterpolation from left image to right image plane.

Checking the correspondence between images involves many algorithms, like Sum of Squared Differences or Energy Minimization. Without going much deep, using a simple Correlation filter also suffices our use case.

### Triangulation

Triangulation in simple terms is just calculating where the 3d point is going to lie using the two determined points in the image planes.

In reality, the position of the image points cannot be measured exactly. For general cameras, there may be geometric or physical distortions. Therefore, a lot of mathematics goes behind minimizing that error and calculating the most accurate 3d point projection. Refer to this link for a simple model.

## Hints

Simple hints provided to help you solve the 3d_reconstruction exercise. The OpenCV library is used extensively for this exercise.

### Setup

Using the exercise API, we can easily retrieve the images. Also, after getting the images, it is a good idea to perform bilateral filtering on the images, because there are some extra details that need not be included during the 3d reconstruction. Check out the illustrations for the effects of performing the bilateral filtering.

### Calculating Correspondences

OpenCV already has built-in correlation filters which can be called through matchTemplate(). Take care of the extreme cases like edges and corners.

One good observation is that the points on left will have correspondence in the left part and the points on right will have correspondence in the right part. Using this observation, we can easily speed up the calculation of correspondence.

### Plotting the Points

Either manual or OpenCV based function triangulatePoints works good for triangulation. Just take care of all the matrix shapes and sizes while carrying out the algebraic implementations.

Keep in mind the difference between simple 3D coordinates and homogenous 4D coordinates. Check out this video for details. Simply dividing the complete 4d vector by its 4th coordinate gives us the 3d coordinates.

Due to varied implementations of users, the user may have to adjust the scale and offset of the triangulated points in order to make them visible and representable in the GUI interface. Downscaling the 3D coordinate vector by a value between 500 to 1000 works well. Also an offset of 0 to 8 works good.


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# Display text on begin document [duplicate]

This question already has an answer here:

I'm developing my own documentclass. How can I make some text appear on the beginning of each document with this class?

For now I'm working with this in the class:

\newcommand{\showAtBegin}{Text}

And in each document...

\begin{document}
\showAtBegin

But there has to be a neat way.

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## marked as duplicate by Peter Grill, Camil Staps, mafp, tohecz, KurtFeb 22 at 19:14

\AtBeginDocument{Text}


text:
# A cylinder has a height of 5.3 cm and a diameter of 3.0 cm. What is its volume?

The volume of the cylinder is $37.46$ cubic cm.
The radius and height of the cylinder is r=3.0/2=1.5 ; h=5.3
The volume of the cylinder is $\pi \cdot {r}^{2} \cdot h = \frac{22}{7} \cdot {1.5}^{2} \cdot 5.3 = 37.46$ cubic cm. [Ans]


text:
# ALPS2019 -- Fourth Alpine LHC Physics Summit

Europe/Zurich
UZ Obergurgl

#### UZ Obergurgl

University Center Obergurgl Gaisbergweg 5 6456 Obergurgl Austria
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Description

Continuing the tradition of 2018, 2017 and 2016, we will meet in the Austrian Alps to discuss recent results and developments in experimental and theoretical particle physics. The dates of the meeting are April 22 - 27, 2019 and the following topics are at the focus of the meeting:

• Beyond the Standard Model physics
• Higgs and Standard Model physics
• Neutrino physics
• Dark matter
• Future colliders

The days are divided into morning sessions with keynote talks, and  late afternoon sessions that will comprise shorter presentations on more specialized topics and the Young Scientist Forum. The meeting will take place at the Obergurgl University Centre, in the ski-resort town of Obergurgl, located in the upper Oetztal Valley in Tyrol, Austria.

Opening speaker:

• Jessie Shelton (University of Illinois)

Confirmed invited speakers:

• Several representatives of ATLAS and CMS collaborations
• Paula Alvarez Cartelle (Imperial College London)
• Francesca Calore (LAPTh, Annecy)
• John Paul Chou (Rutgers University)
• Sébastien Descotes-Genon (Université Paris-Sud)
• Luca Doria (JGU, Mainz)
• Astrid Eichhorn (University of Southern Denmark)
• Torben Ferber (DESY Hamburg)
• Jules Gascon (Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon)
• Martin Hirsch (IFIC, Valencia)
• Manfred Jeitler (HEPHY, Vienna)
• Ken Mimasu (CP3, Louvain)
• Mihoko Nojiri (KEK, Japan)
• Federica Petricca (MPI, Munich)
• Justin Read (University of Surrey, UK)
• Werner Riegler (CERN)
• Lesya Shchutska (ETH Zürich)
• Tim Stefaniak (DESY Hamburg)
• Walter Winter (DESY Zeuthen)
• Oliver Witzel (The University of Edinburgh)
• Dieter Zeppenfeld (KIT, Karlsruhe)

• Freya Blekman (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
• Frank Deppisch (UCL London)
• Graciela Gelmini (UCLA)
• Stefania Gori (University of Cincinati)
• Kai Schmidt Hoberg (DESY Hamburg)
• Jenny List (DESY Hamburg)
• Steven Lowette (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
• Franz Muheim (University of Edinburgh)
• Reisaburo Tanaka (LAL Orsay)
• Roman Zwicky (University of Edinburgh)

Local Organizers (HEPHY):

• Alberto Escalante del Valle
• Martin Flechl
• Gianluca Inguglia
• Suchita Kulkarni (chair)
• Wolfgang Lucha
• Robert Schoefbeck
• Florian Reindl
• Brigitte De Monte (secretary)

Local Organizers (University of Graz):

• Axel Maas
Contact
• Monday, 22 April
• 18:30 20:00
Dinner
• 20:00 21:00
Opening talk: session chair: Suchita Kulkarni
• 20:00
Hidden physics 1h
Speakers: Jessie Shelton (Yale University) , Julia (Jessie) Shelton (Rutgers University)
• 21:00 22:30
Dinner: Reception
• Tuesday, 23 April
• 08:30 12:00
Overview talks: Flavour and hadron physics; session chair: Jessie Shelton
• 08:30
Quantum gravity implications for particle physics 30m
Speaker: Astrid Eichhorn
• 09:05
High energy neutrinos 30m
Speaker: Walter Winter (DESY)
• 09:40
Hot beverages 30m
• 10:10
B-physics anomalies, fluctuations and patterns: a status report 30m
Speaker: Sebastien Descotes-Genon (Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay)
• 10:45
Dark sectors at low energy colliders 30m
Speaker: Torben Ferber (DESY)
• 11:20
Recent results from LHCb 30m
Speaker: Paula Alvarez Cartelle (Imperial College (GB))
• 16:45 17:50
Overview talks: The standard model and Higgs physics; session chair: Tim Stefaniak
• 16:45
Electroweak diboson - LHC measurements and theory 30m
Speaker: Dieter Zeppenfeld
• 17:20
Hot beverages 30m
• 17:50 20:00
Contributed talks: Flavour and hadron physics; session chair: Tim Stefaniak
• 17:50
Results from the CUORE experiment 15m

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first bolometric experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) that has been able to reach the one-ton scale. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals arranged in a compact cylindrical structure of 19 towers. The construction of the experiment was completed in August 2016 with the installation of all towers in the cryostat. Following a cooldown, diagnostic, and optimization campaign, routine data-taking began in spring 2017. In this talk, we present the 0νββ results of CUORE from examining a total TeO2 exposure of 86.3 kg∙yr, characterized by an average energy resolution of 7.7 keV FWHM and a background in the region of interest of 0.014 counts/(keV∙kg∙yr). In this physics run, CUORE placed the current best lower limit on the 130Te 0νββ half-life of > 1.3 × 10^25 yr (90% C.L.). We then discuss the additional improvements in the detector performance achieved in 2018, the latest evaluation of the CUORE background budget, and we finally present the most precise measurement of the 130Te 2νββ half-life to date.

Speaker: Simone Copello (INFN)
• 18:10
Displaced Heavy Neutrinos at the LHC and Beyond 15m

We investigate the pair production of right-handed neutrinos from the decay of the additional neutral gauge boson Z′ at a gauged B − L model. Analysing such signal can be recasted from dark photon searches with a corresponding factor of its coupling g′, this gives a upper bound for g′ to be 10−4 for mZ′ under 10 GeV and $10^{−3}$ for mZ′ beyond 10 GeV. As the heavy neutrinos can be longlived as distinctive displaced vertices signatures via seesaw mechanism, an simulation based on Monte Carlo event generator is performed, which shows a sensitivities for VμN< 10−5 with 300 fb−1 assuming g′ = 10−3 and MN = 0.3∗mZ′ at MAPP and LHCb detector.

Speaker: Mr Wei Liu (University College London)
• 18:30
(Semi)-Leptonic $D_{(s)}$ decays at BESIII 15m

Leptonic and semi-leptonic $D$ decays at BESIII contribute the most precise experimental measurement of $|V_{cs(d)}|$ and form factor $f_{D_{(s)}}$ in the world based on 2.93 fb$^{-1}$ and 3.19 fb$^{-1}$ data taken at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 3.773$ and 4.180~GeV, respectively. The largest samples at the mass threshold of the charmed hadrons $D_{(s)}$ also provide chances to extract form factors of some semi-electronic decays for the first time and together with the semi-muonic decays we could understand lepton flavour universality better. This talk would introduce the recent results of leptonic and semi-leptonic $D_{(s)}$ decays at BESIII.

Speaker: Mr Youhua Yang (Nanjing University)
• 18:50
Flavour anomaly updates from ATLAS and CMS 15m
Speaker: Alberto Bragagnolo (Università degli Studi di Padova (IT))
• 19:10

In recent years, many hadronic states with heavy quarks have been observed which do not fit into the quark model scheme. Investigation of the nature and properties of such exotic states is an important task for the phenomenology of strong interactions. Most intriguing are charged states which at the same time contain a heavy quark-antiquark pair, since their minimal quark contents is four-quark and, therefore, their exotic nature is undoubted. A combined analysis of the existing experimental data on the production and decay channels of the isovector bottomonium-like states Zb(10610) and Zb(10650) (with the quantum number 1+-) is performed in the framework of a coupled-channel approach which respects constraints from unitarity, analyticity and heavy quark spin symmetry. The latter symmetry, inter alia, allows one to relate properties of the Zb's with those of their spin partners WbJ (with the quantum numbers J++, J=0,1,2) which differ from the Zb's by the orientation of the heavy quark spins. As a result, the pole positions and the line shapes in different elastic and inelastic channels are predicted for the WbJ's in a parameter-free way. The developed approach admits a natural generalisation to other exotic states, in particular, to charmonia.

Speaker: Dr Alexey Nefediev (P.N.Lebedev Institute of RAS)
• 19:30
Angular analysis of the $e^{+}e^{-} \to D^{(*)}D^{*}$ process near the open-charm threshold using initial-state radiation at Belle 10m

Until recently, parameters of vector charmonia lying above the open-charm threshold were determined from the inclusive cross section of the electron-positron annihilation to hadronic final states. However, the parameters of the resonances obtained this way are model-dependent and they suffer from large uncertainties. On the other hand, measurements of exclusive cross sections of the e^+e^- annihilation to charm hadrons should provide important missing information about strong interaction in this region so that the results of such measurements are of large interest both for developments of experimental methods, and theory.
In particular, the aforementioned measurements should shed light on the nature on the charminium states with quantum numbers $1^{--}$, which are not fully understood yet. Determination of the masses and widths of these resonances in a model-independent way and extraction of their coupling constant to elastic open-charm channels will allow to obtain information on the wave functions of the vector charmonia and to verify the phenomenological models for heavy hadrons.
New results are obtained for the exclusive cross sections of the $e^+e^−$ annihilation into charmed hadron pairs with initial state radiation. The analysis is based on the data sample collected with the Belle detector with the integrated luminosity of 951 fb$^{−1}$. The accuracy of the cross section measurement is increased by a factor of 2 compared with the previous Belle study and, for the first time, the $e^+e^- \to D^∗D^∗$ cross section is decomposed into three components corresponding to different helicities of the $D^∗$’s in the final state.

Speaker: Valentina Zhukova (Lebedev Physical Institute)
• 20:00 21:30
Dinner
• Wednesday, 24 April
• 08:30 11:20
Overview talks: Dark matter; session chair: Pat Scott
• 08:30
Dark matter searches at the intensity frontier 30m
Speaker: Luca Doria (University of Mainz)
• 09:05
Direct detection searches: an overview 30m
Speaker: Federica Petricca (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik)
• 09:40
Hot beverages 30m
• 10:10
Multi-messenger probes for dark matter 30m
Speakers: Francesca Calore (LAPTh, CNRS) , Francesca Calore (Unite Reseaux du CNRS (FR))
• 10:45
Dark matter: Between astronomy and particle physics 30m
Speaker: Justin Read (University of Surrey)
• 11:20 12:00
Contributed talks: session chair: Pat Scott
• 11:20
Dark matter searches at the LHC 15m
Speakers: Renjie Wang (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (DE)) , Renjie Wang (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (DE))
• 11:40
Coloured coannihilations: Dark matter phenomenology meets non-relativistic EFTs 15m

We investigate the phenomenology of a simplified model with a Majorana fermion as dark matter candidate which interacts with Standard Model quarks via a colour-charged coannihilation partner. Recently it has been realized that non-perturbative dynamics, including the Sommerfeld effect, bound state formation/dissociation and thermal corrections, play an important role in coannihilations with coloured mediators. This calls for a careful analysis of thermal freeze-out and a new look at the experimental signatures expected for a thermal relic. We employ a state of the art calculation of the relic density which makes use of a non-relativistic effective theory framework and calculate the effective annihilation rates by solving a plasma-modified Schrödinger equation. We determine the cosmologically preferred parameter space and confront it with current experimental limits and future prospects for dark matter detection.

Speaker: Stefan Vogl (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics)
• 16:45 20:00
Contributed talks: Dark matter; session chair: Federica Petricca
• 16:45
Dark matter/ new physics searches at BESIII 15m

Many extensions of the Standard Model, motivated by recent astrophysical observations, include the possibility of a new type of weak-interacting degrees of freedom. The typical models include the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and Light Hidden Dark-sector model that predict the low-mass Higgs and dark bosons, respectively. The masses of these particles are expected to be a few GeV and thus making them reachable at the BESIII experiment. The BESIII has recently explored the possibility of light Higgs and dark bosons in several decay modes using the data collected at J/psi, psi(3686) and psi(3770) resonances. The large dataset corresponding to the J/psi resonance has also been utilized to perform the searches for invisible decays of light vector (V=omega, phi) and pseudo-scalar (P=eta, eta') mesons via J/psi --> VP decays. This talk will summarize the recent results of the BESIII experiment on these topics.

• 17:05
Status of supersymmetric models with GAMBIT 15m

I will review the latest constraints on SUSY models from the GAMBIT global fitting collaboration, with a focus on combined collider constraints on neutralinos and charginos. Several tantalising excesses are observed in these searches, and I will discuss their combined statistical significance and possible new physics interpretation.

Speaker: Benjamin Farmer (Imperial College London)
• 17:25
Hot beverages 30m
• 17:55
Above-ground direct searches for WIMPs 15m

Most direct WIMP searches have located their experimental setup under a large rock overburden in order to drastically reduce the backgrounds caused by cosmic-ray interactions. The absence of signal in current searches had led to revisit of the assumption that the WIMP-nucleon cross section is necessarily low enough to justify to neglect a possible attenuation of the WIMP flux as it passes through the rock overburden. I will review recent experiments devoted to the direct search for WIMPs having cross-section large enough to escape detection in an underground site, while still being compatible with cosmological and astrophysical constraints.

Speaker: Prof. Jules Gascon (IPNL - Universite Lyon and CNRS/IN2P3)
• 18:15
Search for light dark states with electromagnetic form factors 15m

Light dark particles coupled to the electromagnetic current via higher-dimensional operators can be produced and searched for in various experiments and astrophysics. The talk will discuss relevant intensity frontier experiments with electron beams, as well as astrophysical and cosmological observations. The combination of all considered probes lead to stringent constraints on the electromagnetic form factors of such light dark states.

Speaker: Xiaoyong Chu (Institute of High Energy Physics (Vienna, Austria))
• 18:35
The Belle II Experiment: Status and Prospects 15m

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric $e^+ e^-$ collider is a substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at the Japanese KEK laboratory. The design luminosity of the machine is $8\times 10^{35}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ and the Belle II experiment aims to record 50 ab$^{-1}$ of data, a factor of 50 more than its predecessor. With this data set, Belle II will be able to measure the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, the matrix elements and their phases, with unprecedented precision and explore flavor physics with $B$ and charmed mesons, and $\tau$ leptons. Belle II has also a unique capability to search for low mass dark matter and low mass mediators. We also expect exciting results in quarkonium physics with Belle II. From February to July of this year, the machine has completed a commissioning run, achieved a peak luminosity of $5.5\times 10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, and Belle II has recorded a data sample of about 0.5 fb$^{-1}$. Regular operations are expected to start in March 2019. In this presentation, we will review the status of the Belle II detector, the results of the commissioning run and the near-term prospects for physics at Belle II.

Speaker: Chiara La Licata (Universita e INFN, Trieste (IT))
• 18:55
Inert Doublet Model signatures at Future e+e- Colliders 15m

The Inert Doublet Model (IDM) is one of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model (SM), providing a dark matter candidate. It is a two Higgs doublet model with a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry, that prevents the scalars of the second doublet (inert scalars) from coupling to the SM fermions and makes the lightest of them stable. We study a large statistics of IDM scenarios, which are consistent with current constraints on direct detection, including the most recent bounds from XENON1T experiment and relic density of dark matter, as well as with all collider and low-energy limits. We propose a set of benchmark points with different kinematic features, that promise detectable signals at future $e^+e^-$ colliders. Two inert scalar pair-production processes are considered, $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow H^{+}H^{-}$ and $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow AH$, followed by decays of $H^\pm$ and $A$ into the final states which include the lightest and stable neutral scalar dark matter candidate $H$. Significance of the expected observations is studied for different benchmark models and different running scenarios, for center of mass energies up to 3 TeV. Numerical results are presented for the signal signatures with two muons or an electron and a muon in the final state, while the qualitative conclusions can also be drawn for the semi-leptonic signatures.

Speaker: Aleksander Zarnecki (University of Warsaw (PL))
• 19:15
The search for high mass dilepton resonances in Run II data from ATLAS 10m

Having enabled discoveries of Standard Model resonances in previous decades, the dilepton invariant mass spectrum remains a vital experimental probe of today’s high energy frontier. Multiple benchmark scenarios beyond the Standard Model anticipate high-mass neutral mediators with clean signatures in dilepton final states at the Large Hadron Collider. In my talk I report findings from the latest search for such signatures in 13 TeV collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector.

Speaker: Etienne Dreyer (Simon Fraser University (CA))
• 19:25
Toward the spectrum of the SU(2) adjoint Higgs model 10m

Higgs particles in the adjoint representation of a non-Abelian gauge theory play an important role in many scenarios beyond the standard model, especially grand-unified theories, partial compositness models, and (broken) supersymmetric theories. However, recently new analytic results based on gauge-invariant perturbation theory have arisen, which require a reevaluation of the observable, physical spectrum of such theories.
Lattice methods can be used to determine this spectrum, and test the underlying predictions. To this end, an SU(2) gauge theory with a single adjoint Higgs is simulated. This model, in the Brout-Englert-Higgs phase, has an unbroken U(1) subgroup. It is then expected a massless vector state. This model can then be a well defined way to obtain a low energy QED from a GUT that comprehends it.

Speaker: Vincenzo Afferrante (University of Graz)
• 20:00 21:30
Dinner
• Thursday, 25 April
• 08:30 12:00
Overview talks: Future facilities; session chair: Axel Mass
• 08:30
HL-LHC prospects 30m
Speaker: Francesca Ungaro (University of Melbourne (AU))
• 09:05
European particle physics strategy document - update 30m
Speaker: Manfred Jeitler (Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT))
• 09:40
Hot beverages 30m
• 10:10
New detectors at the lifetime frontier of the LHC and beyond 30m
Speaker: John Paul Chou (Rutgers State Univ. of New Jersey (US))
• 10:45
FCC 30m
Speaker: Werner Riegler (CERN)
• 11:20
Future colliders, expectations and reality 30m
Speaker: MIHOKO NOJIRI (KEK)
• 16:45 18:55
Contributed talks: Future facilities; session chair: Paula Alvarez Cartelle
• 16:45
The XENON Dark Matter Project: Latest Results and Future Prospects 15m

The XENON1T experiment searches for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The latest results come from 278.8 days of collected data in an inner fiducial volume of 1.3 tonnes, corresponding to a $\sim$1 tonne-year of exposure. The main aspects of the experiment and the analysis that led to the best 90% exclusion limit on the cross-section of the spin-independent WIMP interaction above 6 GeV/c$^2$ will be presented, together with the effort to explore other detection channels. To probe a lower interaction cross-section, the upgraded experiment, XENONnT, is currently being commissioned. The new systems that will allow the XENONnT detector to be the next step in the search for dark matter will also be shown.

Speaker: Chiara Capelli
• 17:05

During the ongoing LHC long shutdown 2, in 2019/2020,
the LHCb collaboration is performing a major upgrade of the experiment.
The upgraded detector is designed to operate at a five times higher instantaneous
luminosity than in Run II and it can be read out at the full bunch-crossing
frequency of the LHC, abolishing the need for a hardware trigger. This
talk will present an overview of the upgraded detector systems and
discuss the physics reach of the upgraded experiment for selected
physics topics. In addition, plans for future upgrades will be briefly outlined.

Speaker: Franz Muheim (The University of Edinburgh (GB))
• 17:25
Hot beverages 30m
• 17:55
News on the CLIC physics potential 15m

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed TeV-scale high-luminosity electron-positron collider. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in three stages, with centre-of-mass energies ranging from 380 GeV up to 3 TeV. Electron beam polarisation is provided at all energies. The initial energy stage will focus on precision measurements of Higgs-boson and top-quark properties. The subsequent energy stages enhance the reach of many direct and indirect searches for new physics Beyond Standard Model and give access to the Higgs self-coupling. Higgs and top-quark projections have been evaluated using full detector simulation studies. Many new phenomenology studies have been undertaken to explore the BSM reach of CLIC, from EFT interpretations of precision measurements through to signature-based searches; these include flavour dynamics, and dark matter and heavy neutrino searches. This talk will review some of the latest results that demonstrate the outstanding potential of CLIC in many physics domains.

Speaker: Aleksander Zarnecki (University of Warsaw (PL))
• 18:15
The magnetic moments of muon and electron and implications for a large muon EDM 15m

With the long-standing tension between experiment and Standard-Model (SM) prediction in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_\mu=(g-2)_\mu/2$, at the level of $3$--$4\sigma$, it is natural to ask if there could be a sizable effect in the electric dipole moment (EDM) $d_\mu$ as well. In this context it has often been argued that in UV complete models the electron EDM, which is very precisely measured, excludes a large effect in $d_\mu$. However, the recently observed $2.5\sigma$ tension in $a_e=(g-2)_e/2$, if confirmed, requires that the muon and electron sectors effectively decouple to avoid constraints from $\mu\to e\gamma$. I discuss UV complete models that possess such a decoupling and show that, in such scenarios, there is no reason to expect a correlation between the electron and muon EDM. New limits on $d_\mu$ improved by up to two orders of magnitude are expected from the upcoming $(g-2)_\mu$ experiments at Fermilab and J-PARC. Beyond, a proposed dedicated muon EDM experiment at PSI could further advance the limit. In this way, future improved measurements of $a_e$, $a_\mu$, as well as the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ are not only set to provide exciting precision tests of the SM, but, in combination with EDMs, to reveal crucial insights into the flavor structure of physics beyond the SM.

Speaker: Andreas Crivellin (Paul Scherrer Institut (CH))
• 18:35
Compact Linear Collider sensitivity to measure σ(Hvv) X BR (H->γγ) at the 3 TeV center-of-mass energy 10m

In this talk we address expected measurement accuracy of the Standard Model Higgs boson decay into two photons at 3 TeV Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). This process is induced via loop exchange of heavy particles either from the Standard Model (SM) or beyond, modifying the SM expectations in the latter case. The study is performed using a full simulation of the CLIC_ILD detector model, considering all relevant physics and beam-induced processes in the full reconstruction chain. It has been shown that the Higgs production cross-section in WW-fusion times branching ratio BR (H→γγ) can be measured with a relative statistical accuracy of 7.5 %, assuming an integrated luminosity of 5 ab-1 and 80% of the data being collected with -80% electron-beam polarization and 20% of the data with +80% electron-beam polarization.

Speaker: Goran Kacarevic (University of Belgrade (RS))
• 19:00 22:30
Dinner
• Friday, 26 April
• 08:30 11:20
Overview talks: Beyond the Standard Model physics; session chair: Francesca Ungaro
• 08:30
Lattice BSM 30m
Speaker: Oliver Witzel (University of Edinburgh)
• 09:05
Neutrinos at colliders and connections to lepton number violation 30m
Speaker: Martin Hirsch (Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (CSIC, University of Valencia))
• 09:40
Hot beverages 30m
• 10:10
LHC searches for heavy neutral leptons and displaced signatures 30m
Speaker: Lesya Shchutska (ETH Zurich (CH))
• 10:45
Effective field theory 30m
Speaker: Ken Mimasu (Université Catholique de Louvain)
• 11:20 12:00
Contributed talks: session chair: Francesca Ungaro
• 11:20
Observation and measurements of vector-boson pair production with ATLAS 15m

Measurements of electroweak boson pair scattering and inclusive production at the LHC constitute a stringent test of the electroweak sector and provide model-independent means to search for new physics at the TeV scale. They allow to test the gauge structure of the Standard Model.

In this talk, we present recent results on vector-boson scattering from the ATLAS experiment using proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV. This includes the observation of WZ and same-sign-WW production via vector-boson scattering along with a measurement of VV production in semileptonic final states. If available, a measurement of Z𝛾 production via vector-boson scattering will also be presented.

We also present recent results for inclusive ZZ, Z𝛾, WW and WZ production in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV, including polarisation studies in the WZ final state. The precision measurements are compared to state-of-the-art Standard Model calculations.

The data are sensitive to anomalous triple and quartic gauge couplings and are reinterpreted in terms of an effective field theory to constrain new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Speaker: Rebecca Linck (Indiana University (US))
• 11:40
Searches for supersymmetry with the ATLAS detector 15m

Abstract: Despite the absence of experimental evidence, weak scale supersymmetry remains one of the best motivated and studied Standard Model extensions. This talk summarizes recent ATLAS results for searches for supersymmetric (SUSY) particles. Weak and strong production in both R-Parity conserving and R-Parity violating SUSY scenarios are considered. The searches use the full Run 2 dataset of proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV, and involve final states including jets, missing transverse momentum, light leptons as well as long-lived particle signatures.

Speaker: Mats Joakim Robert Olsson (University of California Irvine (US))
• 16:45 20:00
Contributed talks: session chair: Stefan Vogl
• 16:45
Spin correlations: Status of spin correlations in pp->ttbar 15m
Speaker: Bora Isildak (Ozyegin University (TR))
• 17:05
Anomalous gauge couplings: Status of triple and quartic anomalous gauge couplings 15m
Speaker: Chav Chhiv Chau (Carleton University (CA))
• 17:25
Hot beverages 30m
• 17:55
LHC limits on gluinos and squarks in the minimal Dirac gaugino model. 15m

Most SUSY searches at the LHC are optimised for the MSSM, where gauginos are Majorana particles. By introducing Dirac gauginos, we obtain an enriched phenomenology, from which considerable differences in the LHC signatures and limits are expected as compared to the MSSM. Concretely, in the minimal Dirac gaugino model (MDGSSM) we have six neutralino and three chargino states. Moreover, production cross sections are enhanced for gluinos, while for squarks they are suppressed. In this talk, we explore the consequences for the current LHC limits on gluinos and squarks. This is based on the recent paper arXiv:1812.09293. We also comment on ongoing work regarding electroweak-ino phenomenology in the MDGSSM.

Speaker: Humberto Reyes-González (LPSC Grenoble)
• 18:15
Latest results from the NA62 experiment at CERN 15m

The NA62 experiment at CERN SPS is designed to measure BR(K+ -> pi+ nu nu) with 10% accuracy. The high-intensity setup, trigger system flexibility and detector performance make NA62 particularly suitable to search for physics beyond the Standard Model with kaon decays and to perform direct searches for long-lived hidden-sector particles, such as dark photons, dark scalars, axion-like particles, and heavy neutral leptons, using kaon and pion decays as well as operating the
experiment in dump mode. NA62 took its first physics data in 2016, reaching sensitivity to the K+ -> pi+ nu nu decay at the
level of the Standard Model BR. The experiment collected 10 times more statistics in 2017 and 2018. The result on K+->pi+nunu from the full 2016 data set will be presented and prospects for future improvements will be discussed.
The sensitivity to a number of lepton flavour and lepton number violating K+ decays provided by the sample of charged kaon decays into final states with multiple charged particles collected in 2016-2018 is an order of magnitude beyond the current state of the art. Results of the search for these processes with a partial NA62 data sample will be presented. The status of hidden-particle searches will be reviewed together with prospects for future data taking at NA62.

Speaker: Nicolas Lurkin (University of Birmingham (GB))
• 18:35
Status of non-supersymmetric models with GAMBIT 15m

I will present the latest analyses of non-supersymmetric models from the GAMBIT global fitting project, covering axions, axion-like particles and scalar, vector and fermionic Higgs portal models stabilised by either a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ or $\mathbb{Z}_3$ discrete symmetry. These results incorporate various combinations of constraints from the LHC, direct and indirect searches for dark matter, dedicated axion experiments, vacuum stability and the observed relic density of dark matter (applied as either an upper limit or a strict requirement). They also include the impacts of theoretical uncertainties ranging from the temperature dependence of the QCD axion mass to nuclear matrix elements, Standard Model parameters and astrophysical halo modelling.

Speaker: Pat Scott
• 18:55
Bottom and strange Yukawa couplings at the NNLO in the MSSM 20m

In MSSM scenarios characterised by large tan(beta), bottom-Yukawa-induced processes, such as Higgs decays into bottom pairs and Higgs bremsstrahlung off bottom quarks, play a major role at present and future colliders. Therefore, radiative corrections to the bottom Yukawa coupling are of extreme importance. Currently they are known in a resummed form at the NNLO level. The resummed result can be easily adapted for the strange Yukawa coupling. In this talk, I will review the calculation of the SUSY-QCD two-loop corrections to the strange and bottom Yukawa couplings, which includes the resummation of the dominant corrections for large values of tan(beta), as well as the subleading terms induced by the trilinear Higgs couplings A_b,s. Moreover, preliminary results on the two-loop electroweak corrections to the bottom Yukawa coupling will be presented. The phenomenological impact of the calculation will also be discussed.

Speaker: Margherita Ghezzi (Universität Tübingen)
• 19:20
Vacuum Stability Constraints in Models with Extended Scalar Sectors 10m

Constraining physics beyond the Standard Model through theoretical constraints is highly relevant to increase the predictivity of the models for collider searches. Constraints from the stability of the electroweak vacuum are especially important in models with large scalar sectors, such as SUSY models. We developed a highly efficient and numerically reliable approach that enables the application of vacuum stability constraints in large parameter scans. Based on this approach we present our constraints and study the vacuum structure of models beyond the SM.

Speaker: Jonas Wittbrodt (DESY)
• 19:30
Measurement of top polarization and ttbar spin correlations at CMS 13 TeV 10m

Measurements of the properties of the top quark can serve as stringent tests of the standard model (SM). To date, all the measurements of its pair and single production cross sections and properties indicate that it is indeed the top quark as predicted by the SM. However, moderate deviations from this expectation still cannot be ruled out. The spin density matrix of top quark pair production consists of coefficients which are affected by various discrete symmetry properties, making it a rich trove of information to search for effects beyond the SM. This talk describes the first measurement of top polarization and ttbar spin correlations at 13 TeV that are encoded in a systematic way into the spin density matrix, using data recorded by the CMS experiment in 2016. The measurements are found to be consistent with the SM prediction derived from Monte Carlo generators and analytic calculations at next to leading order QCD (+weak) accuracy. They are also used to derive the best constraint on the anomalous chromomagnetic moment of the top quark to date.

Speaker: Afiq Aizuddin Anuar (DESY (DE))
• 20:00 21:30
Dinner
• Saturday, 27 April
• 08:30 08:50
Contributed talks: session chair: Lesya Shchutska
• 08:30
Precision EW results from CMS 15m
Speaker: Marco Cipriani (Sapienza Universita di Roma e INFN Roma 1 (IT))
• 08:50 11:00
Overview talks: The standard model and Higgs physics; session chair: Lesya Shchutska
• 08:50
Electroweak physics with multibosons at the CMS experiment 30m
Speaker: Saptaparna Bhattacharya (Northwestern University (US))
• 09:25
Hot beverages 20m
• 09:45
ATLAS/CMS Higgs measurements/searches update 30m
Speaker: Cyril Pascal Becot (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DE))
• 10:20
Higgs physics beyond the SM 30m
Speaker: Dr Tim Stefaniak (DESY)


text:
# R lmer model: degree of freedom and chi square values are zero

Cross Validated Asked by RoroMario on December 9, 2020

I have built the following models:

full <- lmer(DV~ A*B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)

A <- lmer(DV~ A+ A:B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)
B <- lmer(DV~ B+ A:B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)
interaction <- lmer(DV~ A + B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)

I use anova to compare the first full model to the other ones:

anova(full, A)
anova(full, B)
anova(full, interaction)

The first two comparisons generated results with both df and chi square values being zeros, as shown below:

However, I have also tried to compare the null model with another model only include A or B:

null <- lmer(DV~ 1 + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)
AA <- lmer(DV~ A + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)
BB <- lmer(DV~ B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)
AB <- lmer(DV~ A:B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)

all the comparisons generated reasonable results (i.e. not 0 df and all comparisons are significant)

I have looked online and found this post: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_a_Likelihood_ratio_test_with_0_degree_of_freedom

And my guess is that maybe for my full model, the interaction might be able to predict everything without the main effects (A and B).

I have a few questions:

1. Is my guess possibly true?
2. If it is true, why did the comparison with the null model show a significant effect?
3. On a more general scale, when I build linear mixed effect models, can I start from the Null model and add a factor at a time, then compare with the previous models? Or do I have to reduce from the full model?
4. If I use A+B as the base model:
base <- lmer(DV~ A+B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)

A <- lmer(DV~ A + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)
B <- lmer(DV~ B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)
interaction <- lmer(DV~ A*B + (1|speaker), data, REML=FALSE)

Is it ok to report the comparison between the base model and A, B, interaction respectively?

Please find the data file and the R markdown document here: dropbox.com/sh/88m8h6blow2xbn5/AABiNccsUlu3AlfPyamQP4n_a?dl=0
I also asked a question about the procedures I used in the R script in this post R lmer model: add factors or reduce factors

I’d be most grateful if you could help me please. Thank you!

This happens because models full, A and B are in fact the same. They are just parameterised differently. To see this, inspect the estimates for the full model:

(Intercept)  6.03977    0.34949  17.282
AT2         -0.55051    0.07597  -7.246
AT3         -1.16472    0.07597 -15.331
AT4          0.48228    0.07597   6.348
BS          -0.64024    0.07597  -8.427
AT2:BS       0.35379    0.10744   3.293
AT3:BS       0.47244    0.10824   4.365
AT4:BS       0.05247    0.10744   0.488

In model A, we have removed the main effect for the variable B and then obtain:

            Estimate Std. Error t value
(Intercept)  6.03977    0.34949  17.282
AT2         -0.55051    0.07597  -7.246
AT3         -1.16472    0.07597 -15.331
AT4          0.48228    0.07597   6.348
AT1:BS      -0.64024    0.07597  -8.427
AT2:BS      -0.28645    0.07597  -3.770
AT3:BS      -0.16781    0.07710  -2.177
AT4:BS      -0.58777    0.07597  -7.737

We immediately see that the estimates for the intercept AT2- AT4 are the same. The estimate for AT1:BS in the second model is identical to the estimate for the main effect for B in the full model (because the second model does not include the main effect for B). Then, for the same reason, the remaining interaction terms in the second model will be the sum of the main effect for B in the full model, and the equivalent interaction terms:

> -0.64024 + 0.35379
[1] -0.28645
> -0.64024 + 0.47244
[1] -0.1678
> -0.64024 + 0.05247
[1] -0.58777

I think it is good general advice to always include both main effects in a model which includes their interaction. This type of problem will then not occur.

Answered by Robert Long on December 9, 2020

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text:
/ Experiment-HEP arXiv:1006.0761

Measurement of the $WZ\rightarrow \ell\nu\ell\ell$ cross section and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV

Pages: 8

Abstract: We present a new measurement of the $WZ\rightarrow \ell\nu\ell\ell$ ($\ell = e,\mu$) cross section and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings. Using 4.1 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity of $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV, we observe 34 $WZ$ candidate events with an estimated background of $6.0 \pm 0.4$ events. We measure the $WZ$ production cross section to be $3.90^{+1.06}_{-0.90}$ pb, in good agreement with the standard model prediction. We find no evidence for anomalous $WWZ$ couplings and set 95% C.L. limits on the coupling parameters, $-0.075 < \lambda_{Z} < 0.093$ and $-0.027 < \Delta\kappa_{Z} < 0.080$, in the HISZ parameterization for a $\Lambda = 2$ TeV form factor scale. These are the best limits to date obtained from the direct measurement of the $WWZ$ vertex.

Note: Long author list - awaiting processing

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