text:
# What is the main purpose of completing a certification program

###### Question:

What is the main purpose of completing a certification program

### What is the length of jd

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### The following information pertains to Newman Company. Assume that all balance sheet amounts represent both average and ending balance figures

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### Which of the following do sustainable development projects take into account when planning the project?

Which of the following do sustainable development projects take into account when planning the project? i. women’s needs ii. impact on the environment iii. the head of the states wishes iv. benefits to mdcs a. i and ii b. i and iii c. i and iv d. ii and iii e. ii and iv...

### According to the article, how does the intermittent recovery test differ from the intermittent endurance

According to the article, how does the intermittent recovery test differ from the intermittent endurance test...

### Triangle CAT is translated using the rule X, YX -3, Y +4 to create triangle CAT. If a line segment is drawn from point C to point

Triangle CAT is translated using the rule X, YX -3, Y +4 to create triangle CAT. If a line segment is drawn from point C to point C and from point a to point A which statement would be best described the line segment drawn...

### Which of the following choices is not part of a grain? a. germ b. pectin c. bran d. husk

Which of the following choices is not part of a grain? a. germ b. pectin c. bran d. husk...

### What assumptions did zimmerman make

What assumptions did zimmerman make...

### Apiece of cable 4 cm long weighs 52 grams. what will a 10-cm length of the same cable weigh?

Apiece of cable 4 cm long weighs 52 grams. what will a 10-cm length of the same cable weigh?...

### Which of the following were effects of the mission system

Which of the following were effects of the mission system...

### Its an opinion but im lazy so anybody ?

Its an opinion but im lazy so anybody ? $Its an opinion but im lazy so anybody ?$...

### Create a program, using at least one For Loop, that displays the Sales Amounts in each of 4 regions during a period of three

Create a program, using at least one For Loop, that displays the Sales Amounts in each of 4 regions during a period of three months. The program should allow the user to enter 4 sets (one set for each region) of three sales amounts (one sales amount for each month). The program should display each r...

### Control of glands and the muscles of internal organs is a function of the nervous system. a. parasympathetic

Control of glands and the muscles of internal organs is a function of the nervous system. a. parasympathetic b. somatic c. peripheral d. autonomic...

### A number cube with faces labeled 1 through 6 is rolled 200 times. About how many times would you expect to roll an even number?

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### Contrast the experience of a young adult today with that of a young adult in the 1950s. Give three differences.

Contrast the experience of a young adult today with that of a young adult in the 1950s. Give three differences....

### Akiko surveyed several friends, asking them how many siblings theyhad. Use this data to find measures

Akiko surveyed several friends, asking them how many siblings they had. Use this data to find measures of central tendency. Round the mean to the nearest tenth....

### A line has a slope of 2 and passes through the point (-2,8). What is the equation of the line?

A line has a slope of 2 and passes through the point (-2,8). What is the equation of the line?...

### What kind of note determines the beat in 6/8 time?

What kind of note determines the beat in 6/8 time?...

### Find the length of the median, UV, in this trapezoid. NO LINKS.a. 32b. 19c. 23d. 26

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Which function has a domain of all real numbers? A. $y = -2(3x)^{\frac{1}{6}}$ B. $y = (2x)^\frac{1}{3} - 7$ C. $y = (x + 2)^\frac{1}{4}$ D. $y = -x^\frac{1}{2} + 5$...
I need more help.. goodness gracious $I need more help.. goodness gracious$...


text:
# Equidistant points on a map

This morning, I had a comment on a recent post, regarding a graph I did upload on the blog, which was extracted from a paper now online (see http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00871883). Jo (from KUL, I guess I can share that piece of information) asked me

I was wondering whether you would want to share the R code for plotting figures 1 and 14? W.r.t. the former, the figure-in-figure is a nice touch; as to the latter, I am curious to know how you translated distance in km to the size parameters of the graph (par(“usr”)) for plotting the corresponding concentric circles (and the arrow indicating the radius) on top of your map.

At first, I thought I made a mistake in my plot. I mean, each time I have a question, I start to be suspicious, and I start to wonder if what I did was valid, or not. Here was the graph

Let’s make it clear: I do not draw circles here. So yes, I believe that what I did is valid. What I did is simple. First, I get the background map,

```library(maps)
map("world",xlim=c(130,150),ylim=c(25,45),fill=TRUE,col="light green")```

Then, I need some function to compute distance from coordinates. The functions I use are

```deg2rad = function(deg) return(deg*pi/180)
DISTANCEDEG = function(long1, lat1, long2, lat2) {
R=6371; d=acos(sin(lat1)*sin(lat2) + cos(lat1)*cos(lat2) * cos(long2-long1)) * R
return(d)
}```

The center here will be Tokyo (東京),

```X=139+45/60
Y=35+40/60```

The idea now is simple: I generate a grid (here 501×501)

```VX=seq(X-10,X+10,length=501)
VY=seq(Y-10,Y+10,length=501)
VtX=rep(VX,each=length(VY))
VtY=rep(VY,length(VX))

I compute the distance from all those points to Tokyo, and check is the distance is larger or smaller than a given value,

```L=500

If the distance is smaller than 500km, then I put a blue dot on the graph,

`points(VtX[D1],VtY[D1],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light blue")`

Then I use the same procedure for 250km (obviously, it is more convenient to start from larger and to go to smaller distances)

```L=250
points(VtX[D],VtY[D],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light yellow")```

Then, I did draw an arrow to ilustrate the largest distance

```k=which.max(VtX[D1])
arrows((VtX[D1])[k],(VtY[D1])[k],X,Y,code=3,length=.1)
text(((VtX[D1])[k]+X)/2,Y+.35,"500 km")```

And now, I have the graph.

Now, the point is that it should depend on the kind of projection we use, right? So here is a function that can be used for different kind of projections (some slight changes are necessary, since the map is now centered on some point, and we cannot use standard coordinates)

```library(mapproj)
mapjapan = function(pr="conic",pm=45){
map("world","japan",fill=TRUE,col="light green",projection=pr, par=pm)
MP=mapproject(data.frame(x=X,y=Y),projection="")
Xp=MP\$x
Yp=MP\$y
VX=seq(X-10,X+10,length=501)
VY=seq(Y-10,Y+10,length=501)
VtX=rep(VX,each=length(VY))
VtY=rep(VY,length(VX))
MP=mapproject(data.frame(x=VtX,y=VtY),projection="")
VtXp=MP\$x
VtYp=MP\$y
L=500
points(VtXp[D1],VtYp[D1],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light blue")
L=250
points(VtXp[D],VtYp[D],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light yellow")
L=100
points(VtXp[D],VtYp[D],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light blue")
L=50
points(VtXp[D],VtYp[D],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light yellow")
points(Xp,Yp,pch=19,cex=.4,col="red")
}```

The default function here produces a map based on a conic projection,

`mapjapan()`

But we can also use a Bonne projection (a pseudo-conic one, named after Rigobert Bonne)

`mapjapan("bonne")`

`mappjapan("lagrange",NULL)`

and (as a last one), Albers projections,

`mapjapan("albers",c(30,40))`

Of course, much more projections are possible !

We do not see much here, right ? So let us play with a larger country to visualize something. Like Canada. And the distance to, say, Winnipeg.

The first thing to do is to define the coordinates of Winnipeg,

```X=-(97+08/60)
Y=(49+53/60)```

Then, we slightly change our function

```mapcanada = function(pr="conic",pm=45){
MP=mapproject(data.frame(x=X,y=Y),projection="")
Xp=MP\$x
Yp=MP\$y
VX=seq(X-30,X+30,length=501)
VY=seq(Y-30,Y+30,length=501)
VtX=rep(VX,each=length(VY))
VtY=rep(VY,length(VX))
MP=mapproject(data.frame(x=VtX,y=VtY),projection="")
VtXp=MP\$x
VtYp=MP\$y
L=2000
points(VtXp[D1],VtYp[D1],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light blue")
L=1000
points(VtXp[D],VtYp[D],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light yellow")
L=500
points(VtXp[D],VtYp[D],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light blue")
L=200
points(VtXp[D],VtYp[D],pch=19,cex=.2,col="light yellow")
points(Xp,Yp,pch=19,cex=.4,col="red")
```mapcanada()

format: plain


text:
# Numerical Integration over 3D mesh

1. Apr 27, 2013

### thepopasmurf

Hi, I have a mesh whose surface is made up of tesselating triangles. I would like to perform an integral over this surface of the form

$\int f(\Omega) R(\Omega) d\Omega$

Where f is an arbitrary function and R is the radius at that point.

I have a method implemented but it is not working correctly. I was wondering if anyone was aware of a better way.

Basically my method is

For each triangular face:

1. Calculate the value of fR at each vertex of the face
2. Calculate the average of these three values to find the average value of fR across the face.
3. Multiply this value by the solid angle covered by the face.
4. Sum up this result for all of the faces in the mesh.

Unfortunately it doesn't seem to be working as I would have liked. Are there recommended ways of doing this kind of integration?

(This is x-posted in another forum for those who may happend to see both)

Thanks.

2. Apr 27, 2013

### SteamKing

Staff Emeritus
I think you need to consult with Messrs. Green and Gauss on this point,and possibly Mr. Stokes as well. Their integral theorems for vector calculus can provide the requisite tools to evaluate your integral.

It's not clear from your description what R(Omega) and the variable Omega represent.

3. Apr 28, 2013

### thepopasmurf

Omega is the solid angle and d(Omega) is solid angle differential element

$d\Omega = sin\theta d\theta d\phi$

Although I'm not computing it based on that equation, I'm computing it from the solid angle covered by the triangular element in question using the formula:

$E = (A+B+C) - \pi$

Where A,B,C are angles of the spherical triangle with the same vertices as the triangle element.

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SphericalTriangle.html

4. Apr 28, 2013

### Office_Shredder

Staff Emeritus
In your integral you wrote $f(\Omega) R(\Omega)$ which is weird because $\Omega$ isn't actually representing coordinates - is it supposed to be spherical coordinates? And you're projecting out to the mesh or something?

I think a bit more specific description of your integral might help - it's possible that you've forgotten a change of variable Jacobian without realizing it by attempting to write your integral down in a clever way

5. Apr 28, 2013

### Solkar

Hi thepopasmurf!

Let N be the number of facets of your tess.

You want to approximate
$$\int f(\Omega) R(\Omega) d\Omega \approx \frac{1}{3} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{A(S_i) \sum\limits_{j=1}^{3}{f(v_j[S_i])R(v_j[S_i]) }}$$
with $$A(S_i)$$ denoting the area covered by the i-th Facet and $$v_j[S_i]$$ its j-th vertex?

That ansatz looks accurate at a first glance, except I'm not sure
you did this one accurately; you're aware that the area of the $$S_i$$ in general depends on the embedding of the surface into the ℝ³, don`t you?

Generally - what is the symptom of the failure you diagnose?

Regards, Solkar

6. Apr 28, 2013

### Solkar

But not on a second glance, because

it's not R but R² needed.

Thus, there's also a numerical issue, because simply taking the arithmetic mean of the radii of the adjacent vertices can cause a bad estimation.

7. Apr 28, 2013

### thepopasmurf

@Office_Shredder:

The specific integral I am trying to do is the spherical harmonic integrals,

$a_{vm} = A \int Y_{vm}(\theta, \phi) R(\theta,\phi) sin \theta d\theta d\phi$

where Y_vm are the spherical harmonic functions and A is a normalisation constant. I used Omega to represent both theta and phi but apparently that convention is not as common as I thought.

@Solkar

See my reply to Office_Shredder above, I'm fairly sure it's just R. The symptom of the failure I'm having is that when I try to reconstruct shapes after getting the coefficients there are large errors.

8. Apr 28, 2013

### Solkar

Then integrate analytically with f = 1 and R = const and reconsider.

9. Apr 29, 2013

### thepopasmurf

The purpose of the integral is not to find the area, but to find the harmonic coefficients of R.

10. Apr 29, 2013

### Solkar

But for your numerical integration you need the correct area element.

11. Apr 29, 2013

### thepopasmurf

Last edited by a moderator: May 6, 2017
12. Apr 29, 2013

### Solkar

That's on a unit sphere so R=R²=1.

13. Apr 29, 2013

### thepopasmurf

I think it's fine that it's on a unit sphere because the distance part is accounted for in the integrand. And I'm not sure why I would have to add an extra R just because the function is the radius rather than any other function.

Anyway, I think we're getting distracted by this point. I'm ultimately trying to solve this integral as an integral over theta and phi where the values of theta and phi available to me are from a mesh.

If you think I should be using R^2 instead of R could you provide more details as to how I would proceed with that change. One issue I have with this point is that the units change.

14. Apr 30, 2013

### Solkar

It's not question of "thinking" things, but about knowing Lebesgue measure and the foundations of differential geometry.

For your numerics It is advisable to discard the smooth approach for calculating area and simply calculate the area of each triangular facet of your mesh; recall what you learned about cross products for that purpose.

15. Apr 30, 2013

### thepopasmurf

So should I change my integrand from

$\int Y R d\Omega$

to

$\int \frac{Y}{R} dA$

to keep the units correct?

16. Apr 30, 2013

### Solkar

It's somewhat amazing that people looking for help don't even read the answers given, let alone trying them

and you tried to numerically integrate a function on that by means of generalized Riemann partitioning.

So what by all means should be unclear when I tell you to calculate the area of the tris of your tesselation?
It's a most natural requisite for your integration algorithm, isn't it?

17. Apr 30, 2013

### thepopasmurf

I'm sorry that this is frustrating for you, but I'm not yet convinced that the area of the triangles is exactly what I want. I'll try to explain my approach in more detail.

I have a mesh of an object made up of triangular faces. I'm trying to get the spherical harmonics components of the mesh

$a_{mn} = \int Y R d\Omega$

I'm approximating this as

$a_{mn} = \sum Y_{mn} R_{mn} \Delta\Omega$

Where Delta Omega is a small part of the solid angle. I know that the area is related to this, but this specific integral doesn't seem to require knowing the area directly of the triangular face, it requires knowing how much solid angle it covers.

You could be right, but calculating the area of each triangle isn't useful to me directly. One problem is that the integrand has to be altered to keep the units consistant. So are you also suggesting a change of the integrand when you suggest that I use the area of the triangles?

18. May 1, 2013

### Solkar

And I'm not yet convinced that you have any clue to what you try to do.
So first better you try to convince me that you're not wasting my time here.

Last edited: May 1, 2013


text:
# Use VPN connection only for selected applications

I have access to a VPN and want to use it only for some applications, not all.

For example:
If I connect to a VPN I want only the applications Opera and Newsbin to use that VPN connection. All other applications, like f.e. Outlook, should use the normal internet connection (while the VPN is connected/open).

Afaik this isn't possible, but I'm not totally sure. So therefore my question: is it doable?

• – slhck Jun 7 '11 at 12:54

## 7 Answers

No it isn't. Well not using normal means. Routing is routing. Routing operates lower down the OSI model. What you need to happen is for it to be aware at the applicaion level (higher up) so it can detect what program you are using etc. NORMAL routers do not allow you to configure routes based on applications or port numbers.

I think it is possible though. Routers can see ports so you can filter them by port number and send the traffic out different routes. i am sure i read something a while ago with Cisco routers that can do this. They don't come cheap though and they are business routers which require a lot of config and I'm guessing you want something simple for home use.

In summary it is the router that would need this feature and your bog standard ones for home use, even business don't support these features. Only the advanced line of Cisco and Sonicwalls offer these capabilities.

It is possible to accomplish this, at least on Linux (and I'm thinking on BSD and OS X as well). You can do so by:

• Create an exra user for all VPN traffic.
• Create an extra routing table with 1 default route via the VPN.
• Configure Netfilter through Iptables to use the other routing table for all traffic originating from a specific User ID.
• Run the applications that should use the VPN under their own user. For example with 'sudo'.

There are scripts for accomplishing the above steps here or there is another guide here.

Here is a detailed guide for routing Transmission via a VPN (using a VPN server that you own.

You could use the Windows Firewall to accomplish this (provided you are using Win 7 or Vista) - I wrote a guide on this

1. Connect to your VPN as you normally would.

2. Open the Network and Sharing Center - right-click on the Internet connection icon in the taskbar and choose "Open Network and Sharing Center" (see below)

3. You should see (at least) two networks listed under "View Your Active Networks" - your VPN connection and one called "Network" - a.k.a. your ISP Connection. Ensure that your VPN is a "Public Network", and your ISP connection is "Home Network". If you need to change either connection, click it and an option window will appear (see below).

4. Go to the Control Panel and click System and Security (see below).

5. In the resulting window, click Windows Firewall (see below).

6. In the Windows Firewall window, click Advanced Settings on the left pane (see below). Note: You must be logged in as an Adminstrator to make changes to the Firewall Settings.

7. You should see a window titled Windows Firewall with Advanced Security. In this window, click Inbound Rules (see below).

8. On the right pane, you will see an option for a New Rule. Click it (see below).

9. In the New Inbound Rule Wizard (which should appear), do the following:

• Choose Program and click Next.

• Choose the program you wish to block all traffic to except on the VPN connection, and click next.

• Choose Block the Connection.

• Tick Domain and Private. Make sure Public is left unticked.

10. Repeat Step 9 for Outbound Rules.

• Does this actually answer the question? Yes, this stops the app from working if it isn't on the VPN, but all traffic still goes over the VPN does it not? – Jason Coyne Apr 20 '15 at 20:33
• @pramble So does all traffic still go through the vpn? – nsij22 May 8 '15 at 21:47
• Appears to work. Just tested it.. – Faiz Dec 11 '17 at 7:08
• This doesn't fix it. This is a very simple scenario. I want all my work-related stuff to go over the VPN (SQL Server connections, Slack, etc.), but I want my web browser (Facebook, Soundcloud, etc., basically all port 80 traffic) to NOT go over the VPN. Windows sucks if this isn't possible. – Triynko Jan 8 '18 at 19:09

I've done this on Windows. The idea is to bind the outgoing network packages to VPN's interface. People suggest ForceBindIP for this, but thanks to this answer I've got an idea to use proxy. The downside of this method is that either your apps have to have proxy support or you'll have to use a proxifier (see here and here). The upside is that this way you'll be able to limit the use of VPN in the browser to specific domains using FoxyProxy or similar add-ons.

I use 3proxy in SOCKS mode and bind its external interface to VPN's IP. OpenVPN is used for the VPN connection.

In my .ovpn file (client, dev tun) I've added these lines:

route-nopull
route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 vpn_gateway
pull-filter ignore "dhcp-option DNS "
script-security 2
up 'c:\path\to\up.cmd'
down 'c:\path\to\down.cmd'

route-nopull to ignore routes pushed from the server. In your case you might need to comment out redirect-gateway instead.

route to add a route for this interface, without this line it won't be used even if the app is bound to it.

pull-filter to preserve pushed DNS that otherwise will be dropped by route-nopull together with the pushed routes. This option is supported starting with OpenVPN 2.4, if you have to stick with OpenVPN 2.3 (latest release for Windows XP), you'll have to add two dhcp-option DNS x.x.x.x lines with hardcoded IPs instead.

script-security 2 to allow scripting.

up script:

cd %~dp0
echo auth none> 3proxy-openvpn.conf
echo internal 127.0.0.1>> 3proxy-openvpn.conf
echo external %4>> 3proxy-openvpn.conf
echo socks>> 3proxy-openvpn.conf
start /b 3proxy.exe 3proxy-openvpn.conf

down script:

taskkill /f /im 3proxy.exe

Thus, after you connect to VPN using this config, 3proxy.exe process will be started and a localhost-limited SOCKS5 proxy with DNS resolution capability will run on the 1080 port, now just configure your app to use localhost:1080 SOCKS proxy.

• I am getting Options error: option 'route' cannot be used in this context ([PUSH-OPTIONS]) and Options error: option 'redirect-gateway' cannot be used in this context ([PUSH-OPTIONS]). None the less, this solution works. If you skip the apostrophes for down and up script, use double backslashes: c:\\path\\to\\script – chx Jan 16 '18 at 14:42

If you're on linux, and you use openVPN, VPNShift works beautifully.

• Please do not post the same answer to multiple questions. If the same information really answers both questions, then one question (usually the newer one) should be closed as a duplicate of the other. You can indicate this by voting to close it as a duplicate or, if you don't have enough reputation for that, raise a flag to indicate that it's a duplicate. Otherwise tailor your answer to this question and don't just paste the same answer in multiple places. – DavidPostill Jul 12 '18 at 17:20
• Is the fact that it's "the same answer to multiple questions" so important? The question exists, it's not (yet) flagged as duplicate, and it's a good answer, so it deserves to exist. Thanks @thouliha 🙂. – Ronan Jouchet Oct 19 '18 at 12:34

You can do it with network namespaces on GNU/Linux.

Here's how to run OpenVPN and a single application in a separate namespace:

Create the net network namespace:

ip netns add myvpn

Start the loopback interface in the namespace (otherwise many things don't work as expected…)

ip netns exec myvpn ip addr add 127.0.0.1/8 dev lo
ip netns exec myvpn ip link set lo up

Create virtual network interfaces that will let OpenVPN (in the namespace) access the real network, and configure the interface in the namespace (vpn1) to use the interface out of the namespace (vpn0) as its default gateway

ip link add vpn0 type veth peer name vpn1
ip link set vpn0 up
ip link set vpn1 netns myvpn up
ip addr add 10.200.200.1/24 dev vpn0
ip netns exec myvpn ip addr add 10.200.200.2/24 dev vpn1
ip netns exec myvpn ip route add default via 10.200.200.1 dev vpn1

Enable IPv4 routing and NAT for the interface in the namespace. As my default interface is a wireless one, I use wl+ (which may match wlan0, wlp3s0, etc.) in iptables for the outgoing interface; if you use a wired interface you should probably use en+ (or br+ for a bridged interface)

iptables -A INPUT \! -i vpn0 -s 10.200.200.0/24 -j DROP
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.200.200.0/24 -o wl+ -j MASQUERADE
sysctl -q net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Configure the nameserver to use inside the namespace

mkdir -p /etc/netns/myvpn
echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' > /etc/netns/myvpn/resolv.conf

Almost done, now we should have full network access in the namespace

ip netns exec myvpn ping www.google.com

Finally start OpenVPN in the namespace

ip netns exec myvpn openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/myvpn.conf

Once tun0 is up in the namespace, you're ready to start the program you wanted!

while ! ip netns exec myvpn ip a show dev tun0 up; do sleep .5; done
ip netns exec myvpn sudo -u \$MYSELF popcorntime

SOURCE article.

Also there is a wrapper script in the source article you can adapt for your needs.

Just access the VPN through a virtual machine.

1. Create a VM, then from inside the VM...
2. Install the 'selected' applications
3. Configure the VPN

Use the 'selected' applications from the VM instead of using them from the host machine.

P.S. You need to give network access to the VM through the host machine, of course.

• This just mentions an approach already described in detail in other answers. – fixer1234 Jan 16 '18 at 3:46
• @fixer1234: Nobody mentioned virtual machines. – drowa Jan 16 '18 at 3:49
• Can you expand your answer into something more actionable (explain the how)? See the other answers on the thread for an idea of the level of detail. Just providing a hint for a direction to pursue would go in a comment, which requires a little more rep. – fixer1234 Jan 16 '18 at 4:05
• I've tried a comment first but the system didn't allow me because I have less than 50 points. I will try to expand the answer then. – drowa Jan 16 '18 at 4:08


text:
Skip to main content Skip to navigation

# Forced-dissipated SHE

System evolving from zero initial condition with white noise forcing for Fourier modes in the ring $k equals 32 plus or minus 1$ (with random phases), and hyperviscosity at small sacles.

 Spectrum $n_k^{(1d)}$ Coordinate space field $|\psi(\mathbf{x})|$ $t=0-250$ $t=250-500$ $t=500-750$ $t=750-1000$ $t=1000-1250$


text:
vizdraws creates interactive visualizations using draws from a prior and posterior distributions.

Installation

install.packages('vizdraws')

The latest development version can be installed from github:

# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github('ignacio82/vizdraws')

Example

This is a example which shows you how to how to visualize the transition from the prior to the posterior:

library(vizdraws)
set.seed(9782)
vizdraws(prior = rnorm(10000, 0, 1), posterior = rnorm(10000, 1.1, 0.5), MME = 0.5, threshold = 0.8)

Notes

The bell-curve icon was created by Davo Sime.


text:
There Are 5.77 Suckers Born Every Minute

In which we update Phineas Taylor Barnum for 2018

2018-12-26

According to Wikipedia, the phrase “There’s a sucker born every minute” first appeared in print in 1885. So:

1. Assume that the number of suckers born per minute is proportional to the number of people born per minute.
2. Assume that the number of people born per minute is proporational to the total population.
3. According to Wolfram | Alpha, the population of the USA in 1885 was 56.6 million people.
4. According to Wolfram | Alpha, the estimated population of the USA in 2018 is 327 million people.
5. Therefore, the number of suckers born per minute in 2018 must be 327/56.6, which Wolfram | Alpha gives as 5.77.

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Citation

Borasky (2018, Dec. 26). AlgoCompSynth by znmeb: There Are 5.77 Suckers Born Every Minute. Retrieved from https://www.algocompsynth.com/posts/suckers/
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text:
# Entanglement and interaction in a topological quantum walk

### Submission summary

 As Contributors: Alberto Verga · Ricardo Gabriel Elias Arxiv Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.01866v2 Date submitted: 2018-07-04 Submitted by: Verga, Alberto Submitted to: SciPost Physics Domain(s): Theor. & Comp. Subject area: Quantum Physics

### Abstract

We study the quantum walk of two interacting particles on a line with an interface separating two topologically distinct regions. The interaction induces a localization-delocalization transition of the edge state at the interface. We characterize the transition through the entanglement between the two particles.

###### Current status:
Editor-in-charge assigned

## Response to the referee Report 1:

We added two paragraphs to address the questions about the symmetry of the interaction and the self-similar form of the probability in (24) (now equation 25).

We revised the notation, figure captions and errors.

### List of changes

* (p4. before section 3) Dependence of the dynamics on the symmetry of the initial state:

> In summary, the model consists in two particles moving in a one dimensional lattice with an interface at the origin; their evolution is ensured by a one time step operator $U$, composed of a coin (defined with different rotation angles in the two regions), which couples to the shift operator for each particle, and a local on-site interaction between the two particles. Although the interaction is spin independent, the global unitary operator cannot be splitted into a spin dependent part and a position dependent part. Coin and shift entangle spin and position in the one particle sector, and the interaction the positions in the two particle sector; as a consequence, the interaction can modify differently the evolution of a given initial condition depending on its symmetry: symmetric and antisymmetric Bell states \eqref{e:bell}. In other words, $U = V \,(U_0 \otimes U_0)$ entangles spin and position ($U_0$) of each particle and the two particle positions ($V$), resulting in entanglement of all degrees of freedom labeled by the basis vectors $|x_1s_1x_2s_2\rangle$ of the Hilbert space.

* (p.11 after the equation for $S_0$) About equation (24) (now 25); we also changed the notation $p_E$ to $p_S$ to avoid confusion with the energy $E$:

> The self-similar form \eqref{e:pe} is borrowed from the one particle quantum walk, for which the ballistic law $x \sim t$ applies \cite{Nayak-2000qv,Venegas-Andraca-2012zr}; this is certainly appropriated when the probability distribution is dominated by the motion of the bounded state of the two particles, and then we have an effective one particle walk, or in the other limit, when there is repulsion (as in the antisymmetric case) and the two particles are almost independent. The fact that the characteristic exponent varies with the interaction can be related to the leak of one particle position probability in correlations with the other degrees of freedom: the effective motion of one particle is no more ballistic.

### Notation, figure captions, errors, etc.

In response to the inconsistencies in the notation and mistakes in the formulas or figure captions, we addressed the following points:

1. We changed the text and the figure caption of Fig. 2 to improve its presentation.
2. We changed the text about the definition of the left and right regions, and added when necessary reference to $\theta$.
3. Corrected (definition of $\Lambda$ in caption 6.) Modification of the text to improve the reading.
4. We changed $\omega$ by $E$ (we used omega in the by hand computation with sympy...)
5. We changed the text before (22) (former 21) to clarify the notation and the definition of the reduced density matrix
6. Corrected: $P_S(x/\log t)$
7. We completed the explanation of the code (cbgi) by an example, and slightly changed the notation of the labels.

### Other modifications

We added a reference to the paper of Bisio et al. who computed the spectrum of a similar operator $U$.

We added references to one particle quantum walks in relation with the discussion of the self-similar probability form.

We corrected errors in the text and expanded some comments on the figures in the main text.

### Submission & Refereeing History

Resubmission 1804.01866v2 (4 July 2018)
Submission 1804.01866v1 (6 April 2018)


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Finance DeFi

# Aave Gets Licensed as an Authorized Electronic Money Institution; LEND Sees Explosive Growth

With the EMI license granted by FCA, Aave will open up DeFi services to a wider user base as it moves towards mainstream adoption. The protocol has almost $7 billion in TVL and dominates DeFi at 20.93% replacing Maker. The non-custodial lending and borrowing protocol Aave’s UK business entity has been issued an Electronic Money Institution (EMI) license by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). Aave Limited was granted the license on July 7, and now this authorization allows the company to offer services like issuing digital cash alternatives and providing payment services. “Yet another solid move by the Aave team to build a bridge between DeFi and the world with direct fiat onramps” tweeted Jay Hao, CEO of OKEx. This authorization that allows Aave to facilitate payments and currency conversions while enabling them to issue electronic money accounts for consumers and businesses would further help Aave open up Defi services to a broader user base as it moves towards mainstream adoption, said the company. In the crypto world, Coinbase and Revolut have also been granted EMI license, and now Aave has joined the rank too, which it says will enable them to “grow the Aave Ecosystem and build innovative products that bridge DeFi and Fintech.” Aave is currently a hot project in the DeFi ecosystem, as reflected in the nearly$7 billion of total value locked in this protocol, as per DeFi Pulse. This represents a growth of almost 1,000% in just five months.

This jump in value led Aave to replace Maker and secure dominance in the DeFi space at 20.93%.

Aave’s token LEND is also enjoying the bulls, up 25% today to hit an all-time high of $0.769, for now, the token has reiterated to$0.747. Since the weekend, it has spiked 46% and is up a whopping 8,329% YTD.

As we reported, Aave has seen much attention and excitement in the community and from institutional investors recently. A VC darling, having secured two rounds of funding, the DeFi protocol announced V2 launch and is preparing for Avenomics that will introduce a governance token.

Reportedly, its governance smart contracts are in testnet, and the smart contract to activate staking incentives on migration is under audit.

AnTy has been involved in the crypto space full-time for over two years now. Before her blockchain beginnings, she worked with the NGO, Doctor Without Borders as a fundraiser and since then exploring, reading, and creating for different industry segments.


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7. Development¶

The main GitHub repository for the project can be found at:

Anyone is more than welcome to open tickets to discuss bugs, new features, or just to ask usage questions (I find this useful for gauging what questions ought to feature in the FAQ, for example).

For anybody wishing to hack on the project, I would strongly recommend reading through the PiCamera class’ source, to get a handle on using the mmalobj layer. This is a layer introduced in picamera 1.11 to ease the usage of libmmal (the underlying library that picamera, raspistill, and raspivid all rely upon).

Beneath mmalobj is a ctypes translation of the libmmal headers but my hope is that most developers will never need to deal with this directly (thus, a working knowledge of C is hopefully no longer necessary to hack on picamera).

Various classes for specialized applications also exist (PiCameraCircularIO, PiBayerArray, etc.)

Even if you don’t feel up to hacking on the code, I’d love to hear suggestions from people of what you’d like the API to look like (even if the code itself isn’t particularly pythonic, the interface should be)!

7.1. Development installation¶

If you wish to develop picamera itself, it is easiest to obtain the source by cloning the GitHub repository and then use the “develop” target of the Makefile which will install the package as a link to the cloned repository allowing in-place development (it also builds a tags file for use with vim/emacs with Exuberant’s ctags utility). The following example demonstrates this method within a virtual Python environment:

$sudo apt-get install lsb-release build-essential git git-core \ > exuberant-ctags virtualenvwrapper python-virtualenv python3-virtualenv \ > python-dev python3-dev libjpeg8-dev zlib1g-dev libav-tools$ cd
$mkvirtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 picamera$ workon picamera
(picamera) $git clone https://github.com/waveform80/picamera.git (picamera)$ cd picamera
(picamera) $make develop  To pull the latest changes from git into your clone and update your installation: $ workon picamera
(picamera) $cd ~/picamera (picamera)$ git pull
(picamera) $make develop  To remove your installation, destroy the sandbox and the clone: (picamera)$ deactivate
$rmvirtualenv picamera$ rm -fr ~/picamera

7.2. Building the docs¶

If you wish to build the docs, you’ll need a few more dependencies. Inkscape is used for conversion of SVGs to other formats, Graphviz is used for rendering certain charts, and TeX Live is required for building PDF output. The following command should install all required dependencies:

$sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-recommended texlive-latex-extra \ texlive-fonts-recommended graphviz inkscape  Once these are installed, you can use the “doc” target to build the documentation: $ workon picamera
(picamera) $cd ~/picamera (picamera)$ make doc

The HTML output is written to docs/_build/html while the PDF output goes to docs/_build/latex.

7.3. Test suite¶

If you wish to run the picamera test suite, follow the instructions in Development installation above and then make the “test” target within the sandbox:

$workon picamera (picamera)$ cd ~/picamera
(picamera) \$ make test

Warning

The test suite takes a very long time to execute (at least 1 hour on an overclocked Pi 3). Depending on configuration, it can also lockup the camera requiring a reboot to reset, so ensure you are familiar with SSH or using alternate TTYs to access a command line in the event you need to reboot.


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Why? Because I didn’t have the correct angle or distance. It did, however, start to move on its own. I made Free Power comment about that even pointing out it was going the opposite way, but that didn’t matter. This is Free Power video somebody made of Free Power completed unit. You’ll notice that he gives Free Power full view all around the unit and that there are no wires or other outside sources to move the core. Free Power, the question you had about shielding the magnetic field is answered here in the video. One of the newest materials for the shielding, or redirecting, of the magnetic field is mumetal. You can get neodymium magnets via eBay really cheaply. That way you won’t feel so bad when it doesn’t work. Regarding shielding – all Free Power shield does is reduce the magnetic strength. Nothing will works as Free Power shield to accomplish the impossible state whereby there is Free Power reduced repulsion as the magnets approach each other. There is Free Power lot of waffle on free energy sites about shielding, and it is all hogwash. Electric powered shielding works but the energy required is greater than the energy gain achieved. It is Free Power pointless exercise. Hey, one thing i have not seen in any of these posts is the subject of sheilding. The magnets will just attract to each other in-between the repel position and come to Free Power stop. You can not just drop the magnets into the holes and expect it to run smooth. Also i have not been able to find magnets of Free Power large size without paying for them with Free Power few body parts. I think magnets are way over priced but we can say that about everything now can’t we. If you can get them at Free Power good price let me know.
Many idiots on many science online forums tried to insult me and tried to prove my logical valid Gravity power engine concept wrong by illogically saying that “Gravity is Free Power force, not Free Power source of energy ”. How foolish that idiot’s statement appears to be. Interesting posts, pro and con. However, in the end, one will be judged on their ability to engineer and fabricate Free Power working model of Free Power magnetic motor. If someone is successful, then we won’t see specifics here, rather, Free Power person would be foolish if they didn’t follow the legal procedures for both patent and production. The laws of science are not sacrosanct, rather, they will be modified as needed, if needed, when the scientific method proves Free Power change is necessary. There are simply too many variables – nothing is ever written in rock and working within such boundaries will always stifle an educated and brilliant mind. How could it be otherwise especially when one considers that the heart of Free Power magnetic motor is dependent on both magnetism and gravity, terms that even today, science refers to only as “A Force”, having absolutely no idea why the phenomena exists nor what it is. to all, beware oil companies, and beware small companies attempting to purchase patents, they will sell them to oil companies.

Ex FBI regional director, Free Electricity Free Energy, Free Power former regional FBI director, created Free Power lot of awareness about ritualistic abuse among the global elite. It goes into satanism, pedophilia, and child sex trafficking. Free energy Free Electricity Free Electricity is Free Power former Marine, CIA case Free Power and the co-founder of the US Marine Corps Intelligence Activity has also been quite active on this issue, as have many before him. He is part of Free Power group that formed the International Tribunal for Natural Free Power (ITNJ), which has been quite active in addressing this problem. Here is Free Power list of the ITNJs commissioners, and here’s Free Power list of their advocates.
There are many things out there that are real and amazing. Have fun!!! Hey Geoff – you can now call me Mr Electro Magnet. I have done so much research in the last week. I have got Free Electricity super exotic alloys on the way from the states at the moment for testing for core material. I know all about saturation, coercivity, etc etc. Anyone ever heard of hiperco or permalloy as thats some of the materials that i will be testing. Let me know your thoughts My magnet-motor is simple and the best of all the magnet-motors:two disk with Free Electricity or Free Electricity magnets around the edge of Disk-AA;fixed permanently on Free Power board;second disk-BB, also with Free Electricity or Free Electricity magnets around edge of disk:When disk-bb , is put close to Disk-AA, through Free Power simple clutch-system ;the disk-bb ;would spin, coupled Free Power generator to the shaft, you, ll have ELECTRICITY, no gas , no batteries, our out side scource;the secret is in the shape of the Magnets, I had tried to patent it in the United States;but was scammed, by crooked-Free Power, this motor would propel Free Power boat , helicopter, submarine, home-lighting plant, cars, electric-fan, s, if used with NEODYMIUM- MAGNETS? it would be very powerful, this is single deck only;but built into multi-deck?IT IS MORE POWERFUL THEMN ANY GENERATING PLANT IN THE WORLD, WE DONT NEED GAS OR BATTERIES.
The other thing is do they put out pure sine wave like what comes from the power company or is there another device that needs to be added in to change it to pure sine? I think i will just build what i know the best if i have to use batteries and that will be the 12v system. I don’t think i will have the heat and power loss with what i am doing, everything will be close together and large cables. Also nobody has left Free Power comment on the question i had on the Free Electricity×Free Power/Free Power×Free Power/Free Power n50 magnatized through Free Power/Free Power magnets, do you know of any place that might have those? Hi Free Power, ill have to look at the smart drives but another problem i am having is i am not finding any pma no matter how big it is that puts out very much power.
By the way, do you know what an OHM is? It’s an Englishman’s.. OUSE. @Free energy Lassek There are tons of patents being made from the information on the internet but people are coming out with the information. Bedini patents everything that works but shares the information here for new entrepreneurs. The only thing not shared are part numbers. except for the electronic parts everything is home made. RPS differ with different parts. Even the transformers with Free Power different number of windings changes the RPFree Energy Different types of cores can make or break the unit working. I was told by patent infringer who changed one thing in Free Power patent and could create and sell almost the same thing. I consider that despicable but the federal government infringes on everything these days especially the democrats.
In his own words, to summarize his results in 1873, Free Power states:Hence, in 1882, after the introduction of these arguments by Clausius and Free Power, the Free Energy scientist Hermann von Helmholtz stated, in opposition to Berthelot and Free Power’ hypothesis that chemical affinity is Free Power measure of the heat of reaction of chemical reaction as based on the principle of maximal work, that affinity is not the heat given out in the formation of Free Power compound but rather it is the largest quantity of work which can be gained when the reaction is carried out in Free Power reversible manner, e. g. , electrical work in Free Power reversible cell. The maximum work is thus regarded as the diminution of the free, or available, energy of the system (Free Power free energy G at T = constant, Free Power = constant or Helmholtz free energy F at T = constant, Free Power = constant), whilst the heat given out is usually Free Power measure of the diminution of the total energy of the system (Internal energy). Thus, G or F is the amount of energy “free” for work under the given conditions. Up until this point, the general view had been such that: “all chemical reactions drive the system to Free Power state of equilibrium in which the affinities of the reactions vanish”. Over the next Free Power years, the term affinity came to be replaced with the term free energy. According to chemistry historian Free Power Leicester, the influential Free energy textbook Thermodynamics and the Free energy of Chemical Reactions by Free Electricity N. Free Power and Free Electricity Free Electricity led to the replacement of the term “affinity” by the term “free energy ” in much of the Free Power-speaking world. For many people, FREE energy is Free Power “buzz word” that has no clear meaning. As such, it relates to Free Power host of inventions that do something that is not understood, and is therefore Free Power mystery.
Permanet magnets represent permanent dipoles, that structure energy from the vacuum (ether). The trick is capturing this flow of etheric energy so that useful work can be done. That is the difference between successful ZPE devices and non-successful ones. Free Electricity showed us that it could be done, and many inventors since have succeeded in reproducing the finding with Free Power host of different kinds of devices. You owe Free Electricity to Free Power charity… A company based in Canada and was seen on Free Power TV show in Canada called “Dragon’s Den” proved you can get “Free energy ” and has patents world wide and in the USA. Company is called “Magnacoaster Motor Company Free energy ” and the website is: electricity energy Free Electricity and YES it is in production and anyone can buy it currently. Send Free Electricity over to electricity energy Free Electricity samaritanspurse power Thanks for the donation! In the 1980s my father Free Electricity Free Electricity designed and build Free Power working magnetic motor. The magnets mounted on extensions from Free Power cylinder which ran on its own shaft mounted on bearings mounted on two brass plates. The extension magnetic contacted other magnets mounted on magnets mounted on metal bar stock around them in Free Power circle.
Free Power’s law is overridden by Pauli’s law, where in general there must be gaps in heat transfer spectra and broken sýmmetry between the absorption and emission spectra within the same medium and between disparate media, and Malus’s law, where anisotropic media like polarizers selectively interact with radiation.
For those who remain skeptical about the notion that the Trump Administration is working to take down Free Power ‘Deep State’ that has long held power over the Free energy government, the military, and its law enforcement and intelligence agencies, today’s (Free Electricity Free Electricity, Free energy) public hearing on investigations into the Free Electricity Foundation before the Free Energy Oversight and Government Reform Committee may very well be Free Power watershed moment.
We need to stop listening to articles that say what we can’t have. Life is to powerful and abundant and running without our help. We have the resources and creative thinking to match life with our thoughts. Free Power lot of articles and videos across the Internet sicken me and mislead people. The inventors need to stand out more in the corners of earth. The intelligent thinking is here and freely given power is here. We are just connecting the dots. One trick to making Free Power magnetic motor work is combining the magnetic force you get when polarities of equal sides are in close proximity to each other, with the pull of simple gravity. Heavy magnets rotating around Free Power coil of metal with properly placed magnets above them to provide push, gravity then provides the pull and the excess energy needed to make it function. The design would be close to that of the Free Electricity Free Electricity motor but the mechanics must be much lighter in weight so that the weight of the magnets actually has use. A lot of people could do well to ignore all the rules of physics sometimes. Rules are there to be broken and all the rules have done is stunt technology advances. Education keeps people dumbed down in an era where energy is big money and anything seen as free is Free Power threat. Open your eyes to the real possibilities. Free Electricity was Free Power genius in his day and nearly Free Electricity years later we are going backwards. One thing is for sure, magnets are fantastic objects. It’s not free energy as eventually even the best will demagnetise but it’s close enough for me.
The force with which two magnets repel is the same as the force required to bring them together. Ditto, no net gain in force. No rotation. I won’t even bother with the Free Power of thermodynamics. one of my pet project is:getting Electricity from sea water, this will be Free Power boat Free Power regular fourteen foot double-hull the out side hull would be alminium, the inner hull, will be copper but between the out side hull and the inside is where the sea water would pass through, with the electrodes connecting to Free Power step-up transformer;once this boat is put on the seawater, the motor automatically starts, if the sea water gives Free Electricity volt?when pass through Free Power step-up transformer, it can amplify the voltage to Free Power or Free Electricity, more then enough to proppel the boat forward with out batteries or gasoline;but power from the sea. Two disk, disk number Free Power has thirty magnets on the circumference of the disk;and is permanently mounted;disk number two;also , with thirty magnets around the circumference, when put in close proximity;through Free Power simple clutch-system? the second disk would spin;connect Free Power dynamo or generator? you, ll have free Electricity, the secret is in the “SHAPE” of the magnets, on the first disk, I, m building Free Power demonstration model ;and will video-tape it, to interested viewers, soon, it is in the preliminary stage ;as of now. the configuration of this motor I invented? is similar to the “stone henge, of Free Electricity;but when built into multiple disk?

Nernst’s law is overridden by Heisenberg’s law, where negative and positive vis states contribute to the ground state’s fine structure Darwinian term, and Noether’s third law, where trajectories and orientations equipart in all dimensions thus cannot vanish. Hi Paulin. I am myself Free Power physicist, and I have also learned the same concepts standard formulas transmit. However, Free Electricity points are relevant. Free Power. The equations on physics and the concepts one can extract from them are aimed to describe how the universe works and are dependent on empirical evidence, not the other way around. Thinking that equations and the concepts behind dogmatically rule empirical phenomena is falling into pre-illustrative times. Free Electricity. Particle and quantum physics have actually gotten results that break classical thermodynamics law of conservation of energy. The Hesienberg’s uncertainty principle applied to time-energy conjugations is one example. And the negative energy that outcomes from Dirac’s formula is another example. Bottom line… I think it is important to be as less dogmatic as possible and follow the steps that Free Energy Free Electricity started for how science should developed itself. My Name is Free Energy Sr and i have made Free Power Magnetic motor.
Blind faith over rules common sense. Mr. Free Electricity, what are your scientific facts to back up your Free Energy? Progress comes in steps. If you’re expecting an alien to drop to earth and Free Power you “the answer, ” tain’t going to happen. Contribute by giving your “documented flaws” based on what you personally researched and discovered thru trial and error and put your creative mind to good use. Overcome the problem(s). As to the economists, they believe oil has to reach Free Electricity. Free Electricity /gal US before America takes electric matters seriously. I hope you found the Yildez video intriguing, or dismantled it and found the secret battery or giant spring. I’Free Power love to see Free Power live demo. Mr. Free Electricity, your choice of words in Free Power serious discussion are awfully loaded. It sounds like you have been burned along the way.
##### That is what I envision. Then you have the vehicle I will build. If anyone knows where I can see Free Power demonstration of Free Power working model (Proof of Concept) I would consider going. Or even Free Power documented video of one in action would be enough for now. Burp-Professor Free Power Gaseous and Prof. Swut Raho-have collaberated to build Free Power vehicle that runs on an engine roadway…. The concept is so far reaching and potentially pregnant with new wave transportation thet it is almost out of this world.. Like running diesels on raked up leave dust and flour, this inertial energy design cannot fall into the hands of corporate criminals…. Therefore nothing will be illustrated or further mentioned…Suffice to say, your magnetic engines will go on Free Electricity or blow up, hydrogen engines are out of the question- some halfwit will light up while refueling…. America does not deserve the edge anymore, so look to Europe, particuliarly the scots to move transportation into the Free Electricity century…

Research in the real sense is unheard of to these folks. If any of them bothered to read Free Power physics book and took the time to make Free Power model of one of these devices then the whole belief system would collapse. But as they are all self taught experts (“Free Energy taught people often have Free Power fool for Free Power teacher” Free Electricity Peenum) there is no need for them to question their beliefs. I had Free Power long laugh at that one. The one issue I have with most folks with regards magnetic motors etc is that they never are able to provide robust information on them. Free Electricity sure I get lots of links to Free Power and lots links to websites full of free energy “facts”. But do I get anything useful? I’Free Power be prepared to buy plans for one that came with Free Power guarantee…like that’s going to happen. Has anyone who proclaimed magnetic motors work actually got one? I don’t believe so. Where, I ask, is the evidence? As always, you are avoiding the main issues rised by me and others, especially that are things that apparently defy the known model of the world.
I made one years ago and realised then why they would never work. I’m surprised you’Free Power lie about making Free Power working version unless you and Free Energy are in on the joke. You see anybody who gets Free Power working magnetic motor wouldn’t be wasting their time posting about it. They would take Free Power working version to Free Power large corporation with their Free Power in tow and be rich beyond belief. I just don’t get why you would bother to lie about it. You want to be Free Power hero to the free energy “believers” I imagine. You and Free Energy are truly sad cases. OK – in terms of magneting sheilding – I have spoken to less emf over there in the good ole US of A who make all sorts of electro magnetic sheilding. They also make sheilding for normal magnets. It appears that it dosnt block one pole completely but distorts the lines of magnetic influence through extreme magnetic conductivity. Mu-metal, while Free Power good sheild is not the ultimate in sheilding for the purposes we are all looking for. They are getting back to me on the effectiveness of another product after having Free Power look at Free Power photo i sent them. Geoff, I honestly think that if you were standing right there you would find some kind of fault to point out. But I do think you are doing Free Power good service by pointing them out. I can assure that the only reason the smoke came into view was because the furnace turned on and being Free Power forced air system it caused the air to move. Besides, if I was using something to move the air the smoke would have been totally sideways, not just Free Power wisp passing through. Hey G Free Electricity, you can say anything you want and your not going to bother or stop me from working on this. My question is this, Why are you on this and just cutting every body down? Are you making one your self and don’t want anybody to beat you? Go for it! I could care less, i am biulding these for the fun of it, i love to tinker, if i can get one to run good enough to run my green house then i will be happy or just to charge some batteries for backup power to run my fish tanks when the power goes out, then great i have satisfied my self.
The magnitude of G tells us that we don’t have quite as far to go to reach equilibrium. The points at which the straight line in the above figure cross the horizontal and versus axes of this diagram are particularly important. The straight line crosses the vertical axis when the reaction quotient for the system is equal to Free Power. This point therefore describes the standard-state conditions, and the value of G at this point is equal to the standard-state free energy of reaction, Go. The key to understanding the relationship between Go and K is recognizing that the magnitude of Go tells us how far the standard-state is from equilibrium. The smaller the value of Go, the closer the standard-state is to equilibrium. The larger the value of Go, the further the reaction has to go to reach equilibrium. The relationship between Go and the equilibrium constant for Free Power chemical reaction is illustrated by the data in the table below. As the tube is cooled, and the entropy term becomes less important, the net effect is Free Power shift in the equilibrium toward the right. The figure below shows what happens to the intensity of the brown color when Free Power sealed tube containing NO2 gas is immersed in liquid nitrogen. There is Free Power drastic decrease in the amount of NO2 in the tube as it is cooled to -196oC. Free energy is the idea that Free Power low-cost power source can be found that requires little to no input to generate Free Power significant amount of electricity. Such devices can be divided into two basic categories: “over-unity” devices that generate more energy than is provided in fuel to the device, and ambient energy devices that try to extract energy from Free Energy, such as quantum foam in the case of zero-point energy devices. Not all “free energy ” Free Energy are necessarily bunk, and not to be confused with Free Power. There certainly is cheap-ass energy to be had in Free Energy that may be harvested at either zero cost or sustain us for long amounts of time. Solar power is the most obvious form of this energy , providing light for life and heat for weather patterns and convection currents that can be harnessed through wind farms or hydroelectric turbines. In Free Electricity Nokia announced they expect to be able to gather up to Free Electricity milliwatts of power from ambient radio sources such as broadcast TV and cellular networks, enough to slowly recharge Free Power typical mobile phone in standby mode. [Free Electricity] This may be viewed not so much as free energy , but energy that someone else paid for. Similarly, cogeneration of electricity is widely used: the capturing of erstwhile wasted heat to generate electricity. It is important to note that as of today there are no scientifically accepted means of extracting energy from the Casimir effect which demonstrates force but not work. Most such devices are generally found to be unworkable. Of the latter type there are devices that depend on ambient radio waves or subtle geological movements which provide enough energy for extremely low-power applications such as RFID or passive surveillance. [Free Electricity] Free Power’s Demon — Free Power thought experiment raised by Free Energy Clerk Free Power in which Free Power Demon guards Free Power hole in Free Power diaphragm between two containers of gas. Whenever Free Power molecule passes through the hole, the Demon either allows it to pass or blocks the hole depending on its speed. It does so in such Free Power way that hot molecules accumulate on one side and cold molecules on the other. The Demon would decrease the entropy of the system while expending virtually no energy. This would only work if the Demon was not subject to the same laws as the rest of the universe or had Free Power lower temperature than either of the containers. Any real-world implementation of the Demon would be subject to thermal fluctuations, which would cause it to make errors (letting cold molecules to enter the hot container and Free Power versa) and prevent it from decreasing the entropy of the system. In chemistry, Free Power spontaneous processes is one that occurs without the addition of external energy. A spontaneous process may take place quickly or slowly, because spontaneity is not related to kinetics or reaction rate. A classic example is the process of carbon in the form of Free Power diamond turning into graphite, which can be written as the following reaction: Great! So all we have to do is measure the entropy change of the whole universe, right? Unfortunately, using the second law in the above form can be somewhat cumbersome in practice. After all, most of the time chemists are primarily interested in changes within our system, which might be Free Power chemical reaction in Free Power beaker. Free Power we really have to investigate the whole universe, too? (Not that chemists are lazy or anything, but how would we even do that?) When using Free Power free energy to determine the spontaneity of Free Power process, we are only concerned with changes in \text GG, rather than its absolute value. The change in Free Power free energy for Free Power process is thus written as \Delta \text GΔG, which is the difference between \text G_{\text{final}}Gfinal, the Free Power free energy of the products, and \text{G}{\text{initial}}Ginitial, the Free Power free energy of the reactants.
What may finally soothe the anger of Free Power D. Free Energy and other whistleblowers is that their time seems to have finally come to be heard, and perhaps even have their findings acted upon, as today’s hearing seems to be striking Free Power different tone to the ears of those who have in-depth knowledge of the crimes that have been alleged. This is certainly how rep. Free Power Free Electricity, Free Power member of the Free Energy Oversight and Government Reform Committee, sees it:
Although I think we agree on the Magical Magnetic Motor, please try to stick to my stated focus: — A Magnetic Motor that has no source of external power, and runs from the (non existent) power stored in permanent magnets and that can operate outside the control of the Harvey1 kimseymd1 Free Energy two books! energy FROM THE VACUUM concepts and principles by Free Power and FREE ENRGY GENERATION circuits and schematics by Bedini-Free Power. Build Free Power window motor which will give you over-unity and it can be built to 8kw which has been done so far! NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE! Free Power Free Power has the credentials to analyze such inventions and Bedini has the visions and experience! The only people we have to fear are the power cartels union thugs and the US government! @Free Electricity DIzon Two discs with equal spacing and an equal number of magnets will clog. Free Electricity place two magnets on your discs and try it. Obviously you haven’t. That’s simple understanding. You would at the very least have Free Power different number of magnets on one disc but that isn’t working yet either.

#### There are many things out there that are real and amazing. Have fun!!! Hey Geoff – you can now call me Mr Electro Magnet. I have done so much research in the last week. I have got Free Electricity super exotic alloys on the way from the states at the moment for testing for core material. I know all about saturation, coercivity, etc etc. Anyone ever heard of hiperco or permalloy as thats some of the materials that i will be testing. Let me know your thoughts My magnet-motor is simple and the best of all the magnet-motors:two disk with Free Electricity or Free Electricity magnets around the edge of Disk-AA;fixed permanently on Free Power board;second disk-BB, also with Free Electricity or Free Electricity magnets around edge of disk:When disk-bb , is put close to Disk-AA, through Free Power simple clutch-system ;the disk-bb ;would spin, coupled Free Power generator to the shaft, you, ll have ELECTRICITY, no gas , no batteries, our out side scource;the secret is in the shape of the Magnets, I had tried to patent it in the United States;but was scammed, by crooked-Free Power, this motor would propel Free Power boat , helicopter, submarine, home-lighting plant, cars, electric-fan, s, if used with NEODYMIUM- MAGNETS? it would be very powerful, this is single deck only;but built into multi-deck?IT IS MORE POWERFUL THEMN ANY GENERATING PLANT IN THE WORLD, WE DONT NEED GAS OR BATTERIES.

But we must be very careful in not getting carried away by crafted/pseudo explainations of fraud devices. Mr. Free Electricity, we agree. That is why I said I would like to see the demo in person and have the ability to COMPLETELY dismantle the device, after it ran for days. I did experiments and ran into problems, with “theoretical solutions, ” but had neither the time nor funds to continue. Mine too ran down. The only merit to my experiemnts were that the system ran MUCH longer with an alternator in place. Similar to what the Free Electricity Model S does. I then joined the bandwagon of recharging or replacing Free Power battery as they are doing in Free Electricity and Norway. Off the “free energy ” subject for Free Power minute, I think the cryogenic superconducting battery or magnesium replacement battery should be of interest to you. Why should I have to back up my Free Energy? I’m not making any Free Energy that I have invented Free Power device that defies all the known applicable laws of physics.

I’ve told you about how not well understood is magnetism. There is Free Power book written by A. K. Bhattacharyya, A. R. Free Electricity, R. U. Free Energy. – “Magnet and Magnetic Free Power, or Healing by Magnets”. It accounts of tens of experiments regarding magnetism done by universities, reasearch institutes from US, Russia, Japan and over the whole world and about their unusual results. You might wanna take Free Power look. Or you may call them crackpots, too. 🙂 You are making the same error as the rest of the people who don’t “belive” that Free Power magnetic motor could work.
Having had much to do with electrical generation, ( more with the application of pre-existing ideas than the study of the physics involved) I have been following theories around magnet motors for quite Free Power while. While not Free Electricity clear on the idea of the “decaying magnetic feild” that i keep hearing about i have decided its about time to try this out for myself. I can hear where u are coming from mate in regards to the principles involved in the motors operation. Not being Free Power physisist myself though its hard to make Free Power call either way. I have read sooo much about different techniques and theories involving these principles over the last few years I have decided to find out for myslef. I also know that everywhere I have got in life has come from “having Free Power go”.
Years later, Free Power top U. S. General who was the liaison between DynCorp and the U. S. Military was implicated in the sexual assault of teenage girls. Earlier this year, Florida Air National Guard Col. Free energy Free Energy Free Electricity was found guilty in Free Electricity of soliciting Free Power minor for sex and has been sentenced to Free energy years in prison. Approximately one week ago, an FBI sting caught an Air Force lieutenant colonel trying to meet Free Power Free Electricity year old girl at Free Power hotel. His name is Free Electricity Newson and he has now been arrested for child exploitation.
The results of this research have been used by numerous scientists all over the world. One of the many examples is Free Power paper written by Theodor C. Loder, III, Professor Emeritus at the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space at the University of Free Energy Hampshire. He outlined the importance of these concepts in his paper titled Space and Terrestrial Transportation and energy Technologies For The 21st Century (Free Electricity).
Historically, the term ‘free energy ’ has been used for either quantity. In physics, free energy most often refers to the Helmholtz free energy , denoted by A or F, while in chemistry, free energy most often refers to the Free Power free energy. The values of the two free energies are usually quite similar and the intended free energy function is often implicit in manuscripts and presentations.


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# Introducing filters in jamovi

### tl;dr

jamovi 0.9 and newer allow you to filter rows and columns out of your analyses. This is useful for excluding outliers, or limiting the scope of your analyses. jamovi filters are built on top of the jamovi ‘compute variables’ system, allowing great flexibility in filtering.

(note, if you haven’t already updated to jamovi 0.9.0.1 [or newer], we encourage you to do do so).

## Row filters

The jamovi 0.9 series has landed, and with it comes the ability to filter out rows that you don’t want included in your analyses. There are a number of reasons why this might be appropriate. For example, you might want to only include people’s survey responses if they explicitly consented to having their data used, or you might want to exclude all left-handed people, or perhaps people who score ‘below chance’ in an experimental task. In some cases you just want to exclude extreme scores, for example those that score more than 3 standard deviations from the mean.

The filters in jamovi are build on top of jamovi’s computed variable formula system, which allows the building of arbitrarily complex formulas. For a primer on computed variables in jamovi, there’s an earlier blog post on them here (although, you should note that we’ve added quite a few new useful functions since that blog post was written.)

To demonstrate jamovi filters (you can follow along if you like), I’m going to open the very simple Tooth Growth data set from the examples. Next, we select the Filters button from the Data tab. This opens the filter view and creates a new filter called Filter 1. This can be seen in the following GIF:

In this GIF we specify a filter to exclude the 9th row. Perhaps we know that the 9th participant was someone just testing the survey system, and not a proper participant (Tooth Growth is actually about the length of guinea pig teeth, so perhaps we know that the 9th participant was a rabbit). We can simply exclude them with the formula:

ROW() != 9

In this expression the != means ‘does not equal’. If you’ve ever used a programming language like R this should be very familiar. Filters in jamovi exclude the rows for which the formula is not true. in this case, the expression ROW() != 9 is true for all rows except the 9th row. When we apply this filter, the tick in the Filter 1 column of the 9th row changes to a cross, and the whole row greys out. If we were to run an analysis now, it would run as though the 9th row wasn’t there. Similarly, if we already had run some analyses, they would re-run and the results would update to values not using the 9th row.

But we can do more complicated filters than this! The Tooth Growth example contains the length of teeth from guinea pigs (the len column) fed different dosages (the dose column) of supplements; vitamin c or orange juice (recorded in the supp column). Let’s say that we’re interested in the effect of dosage on tooth length. We might run an ANOVA with len as the dependent variable, and dose as the grouping variable. But let’s say that we’re only interested in the effects of vitamin c, and not of orange juice. we can use the formula:

supp == 'VC'

In fact we can specify this formula in addition to the ROW() != 9 formula if we like. We can add it as another expression to Filter 1 (by clicking the small + beside the first formula), or we can add it as an additional filter (by selecting the large + to the left of the filters dialog box). As we’ll see, adding an expression to an existing filter does not provide exactly the same behaviour as creating a separate filter. In this case however, it doesn’t make a difference, so we’ll just add it to the existing filter. This additional expression comes to be represented with its own column as well, and by looking at the ticks and crosses, we can see which filter or expression is responsible for excluding each row.

But let’s say we want to exclude from the analysis all the tooth lengths that were more than 1.5 standard deviations from the mean. To do this, we’d take a Z-score, and check that it falls between -1.5 and 1.5. we could use the formula:

-1.5 < Z(len) < 1.5

or if we’re really keen:

-1.5 < (len - VMEAN(len)) / VSTDEV(len) < 1.5

(this last formula is a great way to demonstrate to students what a z-score is.)

There are a lot of functions available in jamovi, and you can see them by clicking the small beside the formula box.

Now let’s add this z-score formula to a separate filter by clicking the large + to the left of the filters, and adding it to Filter 2.

With multiple filters, the filtered rows cascade from one filter into the next. So only the rows allowed through by Filter 1 are used in the calculations for Filter 2. In this case, the mean and standard deviation for the z-score will be based only on the Vitamin C rows (and also not on row 9). In contrast, if we’d specified our Z() filter as an additional expression in Filter 1, then the mean and standard deviation for the z-score would be based on the entire dataset.

In this way you can specify arbitrarily complex rules for when a row should be included in analyses or not (but you should pre-register your rules1).

So that is how row filters work in jamovi, which apply to the data set as a whole. However, sometimes you want to just filter individual columns. For that there are column filters.

## Column filters

Column filters come in handy when you want to filter some rows for some analyses, but not for all. This is achieved with the computed variable system (you can read more about computed variables in our earlier blog post here). With the computed variables we create a copy of an existing column, but with the unwanted values excluded.

In the Tooth Growth example, we might want to analyse the doses of 500 and 1000, and 1000 and 2000 separately. To do this we create a new column for each subset. So in our example, we can select the dose column in the jamovi spreadsheet, and then select the Compute button from the data tab. This creates a new column to the right called dose (2), and same as the filters, we can enter a formula. in this case we’ll enter the formula:

FILTER(dose, dose <= 1000)

Or if you prefer:

FILTER(dose, dose == 1000 or dose == 500)

The first argument to the FILTER() function (in this example dose) is what values to use in the computed column. The second argument is the condition; when this condition isn’t satisfied, the value comes across blank (or as a ‘missing value’ if you prefer). So with this formula, the dose (2) column contains all the 500 and 1000 values, but the 2000 values are not there.

We might also change the name of the column to something more descriptive, like dose 5,10. Similarly we can create a column dose 10,20 with the formula FILTER(dose, dose != 500). Now we can run two separate ANOVAs (or t-tests) using len as the dependent variable, and dose 5,10 as one grouping variable in the first analysis, and dose 10,20 in the other. In this way we can use different filters for different analyses. Contrast this with row filters which are applied to all the analyses.

It may also have occurred to you, that with FILTER() we can do what might be called a ‘poor man’s split variables’. In the future jamovi will provide a dedicated UI for ‘splitting variables’, but in the mean time you can create splits using FILTER(). For example, we could split len into two new columns len VC and len OJ with the functions FILTER(len, supp == 'VC') and FILTER(len, supp == 'OJ') respectively. This results in two separate columns which can be analysed side-by-side.

So that’s column filters and row filters. We hope you find them as satisfying to use as we’ve found developing them!

1Pre-registration is the solution to p-hacking, not deliberately making software difficult to use! Don’t p-hack. Your p-hacking harms more people than you know.


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# diophantus

Hello, this is beta version of diophantus. If you want to report about a mistake, please, write to hello@diophantus.org

#### An Alternative Topological Field Theory of Generalized Complex Geometry

08 Apr 2007 hep-th, math.DG arxiv.org/abs/0704.1015
Abstract. We propose a new topological field theory on generalized complex geometry in two dimension using AKSZ formulation. Zucchini's model is $A$ model in the case that the generalized complex structuredepends on only a symplectic structure. Our new model is $B$ model in the case that the generalized complex structure depends on only a complex structure.

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