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# Matlab Greek Symbols

Matlab Graphics: Greek Symbols Notes: It is possible to have Greek letters displayed by text, xlabel, ylabel,andtitle. Skyrocket Training - Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai - Business Training Institute. 9 List of Mathematical Symbols 45 3. To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type _{exp}. he was a strong young man that always got the attention from the ladies. in latex, matlab, etc and has the form $\alpha$ to represent the greek character alpha for example). I'm new to CentOS project and I have little experience in Linux based systems. For more information on selecting symbols, go to Select groups and single items on a graph. However, LaTeX only accepts the \mu command in math-m. Here are some external resources for finding less commonly used symbols: Detexify is an app which allows you to draw the symbol you'd like and shows you the code for it! MathJax (what allows us to use on the web) maintains a list of supported commands. tex contains all necessary code This file is prepared by running latex A. Matlab allows you to create symbolic math expressions. It started out as a matrix programming language where linear algebra programming was simple. Variable-sized symbols. File or folder path separation. Thus if you type: C = A + B. Beta code is standard way to represent Greek characters as a combination of Roman characters and punctuation. How to cite MATLAB (bibtex / latex) So I’ve been extensively using MATLAB recently and while writing a paper had to cite it. Therefore, we encourage you to use this list to warn others, especially Christian children who intentionally wear and display them because they are popular. MATLAB version is 7. For Greek letters and special characters in MATLAB, see Greek Letters and Special Characters in Chart Text (MATLAB). Several names such as 'vega' and 'zomma' are invented, but sound similar to Greek letters. how can i add any greek symbol in the plot either on axis or in the title or in the legend. , in formatting of the Matlab plot. Loading the textgreek package allows typesetting greek letters, generally just by adding a text-prefix to the letter name, e. Former Rhodes Scholars are entitled to use the Greek letter rho as a designation of their status. Signal Analysis Wavelet Transform Matlab Source Code Colloquial greek colloquial series Deciphering The Lost Symbol Freemasons Myths And The Mysteries Of. 1A,B or Figs 1, 2 or Table 1 or Movie 1. As you see, the way the equations are displayed depends on the delimiter, in this case  and . But instead of the delta-symbol my x-axis is simply labeled 'D' a = plot(0. html equals sign not e. Greek Goddess of Agriculture, Fertility, Sacred Law and the Harvest Demeter is the goddess of the harvest and presides over grains and the fertility of the earth. Comparative test. Matlab Cheat sheet. Arrow symbols. - The Greek symbols can also be input by the [ctrl-g] method. Note 1: dotless i and j (symbols \imath and \jmath ) can be used to leave room for whatever hat you want them to wear. 1 Starting MATLAB matlab is a software package that lets you do mathematics and compu- tation, analyse data, develop algorithms, do simulation and modelling, and produce graphical displays and graphical user interfaces. Symbolic Math in Matlab. The fprintf function behaves like its ANSI C language namesake with these exceptions and extensions: If you use fprintf to convert a MATLAB double into an integer, and the double contains a value that cannot be represented as an integer (for example, it contains a fraction), MATLAB ignores the specified conversion and outputs the value in. Greek alphabet letters & symbols. Hi - I am trying to add a label to a plot and the label is comprised of both standard characters and Greek characters, for instance, "Frequency between 0 and 2" Octave › Octave - General. We do not use "d" for density since "d" is often used to specify distance. Overall, the book is a love story of a girl seeking God and dedicating her life to His service. Graph Axis Titles and Legends are special text labels that are generated from programmatically-linked data stored in the worksheet header rows. 7936507937，与 a 不同， 就是说 vpa 并不是先把表达式的值用 matlab 本身的精度求出来，再取有效数字，而是每运 算一次，都控制精度。. MATLAB; ML + AI + Deep Learning; My Favorite Poems/Song Lyrics; My Opinions; Perl. To get an upper case one, you use a capital T. You can include mathematical symbols and Greek letters in text using T E X-style character sequences. Copy and paste from the Character Map. display(X) prints the value of a variable or expression, X. close all figure axis off hold on fill([-1 12 12 -1 -1],[-1 -1 12 12 -1],’w’) plot([-1 12 12 -1 -1],[-1 -1 12 12 -1],’k’,’Linewidth’,3). It's simple to post your job and we'll quickly match you with the top Technical Translators in Glasgow for your Technical Translation project. Sections and chapters; Table of contents; Cross referencing sections and equations; Indices; Glossaries; Nomenclatures; Management in a large project; Multi-file LaTeX projects; Hyperlinks Formatting. MATLAB is a special-purpose language that is an excellent choice for writing moderate-size programs that solve problems involving the manipulation of numbers. Login Sign Up Logout Html special characters. To use additional special characters, such as. What does MATLAB mean? Information and translations of MATLAB in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. You can find here upside-down alphabet characters, spanish question and exclamation signs and other funny symbols. Using Bold Greek Letters in LaTeX. How to insert infinity symbol in excel? Zhead: 7/16/09 5:11 AM: Does anyone know an Alt key. greek symbols in my code. Greek symbols in MATLAB GUI. The problem here is that you have a mix of Greek and Latin characters, so program can't just to dumb substitution. tex le (which has the same name as the. Insert an ASCII or Unicode character into a document. For example, Matlab does not understand \omicron because that Greek symbol is just the same as an 'o'. Greek letters – maple programming , Greek letters the following table lists greek letters and the corresponding maple symbols that display as greek letters in a worksheet. Greek Letters The following table lists Greek letters and the corresponding Maple symbols that display as Greek letters in a worksheet. In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of any kind of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total. com Greek Letters and Special Characters in Chart Text. How to insert infinity symbol in excel? Showing 1-7 of 7 messages. com Product enhancement suggestions Greek Letters, and TEX Characters. No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more. If you've ever seen a person of Greek origin sporting a circular glass charm that shows a curious blue eye, then you've seen the classic Greek evil eye symbol -- the matiasma. Umlauts, diacritics, acute accents, breve, circumflex letters, upside-down question/exclamation and other. Ιστοσελίδα για μεταφόρτωση της δοκιμαστικής έκδοσης του Matlab Αυτό το λήμμα χρειάζεται επέκταση. MATLAB is a special-purpose language that is an excellent choice for writing moderate-size programs that solve problems involving the manipulation of numbers. Some other constructions. To produce special characters, including greek letters, in the output regions of a MuPAD notebook, use the Symbol command: Non-Greek Characters in Text Regions. A list of LaTEX Math mode symbols. But the comments other in English become little square symbols( ) after changed to this font. 2 on Mac OS X, both have the same problem. - You can also use [INSERT] [Math region] to include math equations and symbols. Inside the ∫ dx is the expression to be integrated, called the integrand. This is a tutorial to help you get started in Matlab. Mathematical Symbols with their Name Click here for more symbol http://www. Depending on the symbols you want to use, you can use either extended ascii or unicode symbols. Hi I want to use text with Greek letter in an image (use text as part of the image) using "Inserttext" as suggested by Mathworks. To edit symbols, select and double-click the symbols that you want to edit. folder in your MATLAB path. Probability and statistics symbols table and definitions - expectation, variance, standard deviation, distribution, probability function, conditional probability, covariance, correlation RapidTables Home › Math › Math symbols › Statistical symbols. The elements of X are integers between 1 and 128, which serve as indices into the color map, map. Let us take the Figue. This is important because I am using this script for data processing several files at once, and with the number of those files changing from run to run. display(X) prints the value of a variable or expression, X. like nu and mu. , \rightarrow is different from \Rightarrow). Walter Roberson. Figure or table parts should be labelled with uppercase letters (A, B, C, etc. It's also under Insert>Symbols, under the subset pick Greek. It should be interpreted as "take the value 3 and assign it to the variable a". In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of any kind of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total. LaTeX Symbols. ) that are placed over letters in. The integral sign ∫ represents integration. Symbol Symbol Name Role Description Examples / \ Slash and Backslash. Enquire for course details, fees and course duration. The chart also shows math symbols such as greater than or equal to and not equal to, plus percent, square root, per million, infinity, therefore, and more. It should be interpreted as "take the value 3 and assign it to the variable a". Ιστοσελίδα για μεταφόρτωση της δοκιμαστικής έκδοσης του Matlab Αυτό το λήμμα χρειάζεται επέκταση. If at any time you wish to see the contents of a variable, just type its name. To define the variable, type the following into the MATLAB command window: s = tf('s') s = s Continuous-time transfer function. For example, to type a dollar symbol ($), type 0024, press ALT, and then press X. Really, though, it would just be nice if my equations in the editor could more closely resemble the real thing. - The Greek symbols can also be input by the [ctrl-g] method. Cite each figure, table and movie in the text in numerical order. Learn more about greek symbols. And, finally,$^{\circ}$is another way of obtaining roughly the right symbol. I would like a list of all TeX characters and commands that can be used in MATLAB. 22 followers. Thank you for your replies, but still it doesn't solve the underlying problem that you can't use the latex interpreter with non italic greek symbols. ) that are placed over letters in. When I try to export my matlab figure to an eps file, if the axis labels have Greek letters that are bold, they disappear in the exported file. I know you can insert Greek letters in Igor using the Symbol font, but it would be really awesome for all Greek letters (both uppercase and lowercase) to be available in Special-> Character. Some people object to having Greek constants in C# code. But there does not appear to be a use for the symbol outside mathematics (and mathematical physics). This is the symbol table. The symbol ω (uppercase letter)Edit. The default style, with italic lowercase letters but upright uppercase letters, is also available as math-style=TeX. Keep in mind that many of these symbols have double or multiple meanings. # Example 1 set. Another alternative is the \textdegree command, which is provided by the textcomp package. Overall, the book is a love story of a girl seeking God and dedicating her life to His service. It allows you to make impressions both of the created program, the calculation made, of the 2D and 3D graphics, results table. com Every solution on the internet says that Matlab will accept tex. In my MATLAB command window if i type disp(' \alpha ') i am getting \alpha as output and not the greek letter for alpha. More Octave examples can be found in the wiki. how can i add any greek symbol in the plot either on axis or in the title or in the legend. Video explanation on How to use Symbols in Matlab plot Let us take the Figue. MATLAB interpreta el texto utilizando Tex Markup siempre y cuando la propiedad Interpreter del objeto Text esté establecida en 'tex' (el valor predeterminado). Greek letters The 24 Greek letters are used extensively in math. table tool to create customized data tables. By default, MATLAB ® supports a subset of TeX markup. Greek symbols in matlab keyword after analyzing the system lists the list of keywords related and the list of websites with related content, in addition you can see which keywords most interested customers on the this website. How do I use Greek letters in fprintf ? Since Learn more about fprintf, greek letters, hex, symbols My OS is win. MATLAB ® admite un subconjunto de marcado Tex. - You can also use [INSERT] [Math region] to include math equations and symbols. I tried: C=60; eq= sprintf('\epsilon. Any particular reason you want to use it like that? What I usually do is to. How to print a Greek symbol on a figure using the function sprintf in MATLAB? I want to write an equation: ε = C x² on a MATLAB figure (not x and y label). Omega (capital: Ω, lowercase: ω; Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the 24th and last letter of the Greek alphabet. Greek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkGreek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkGreek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkHow Can I Put The Epsilon Letter Like Symbol 3 But InHow To Use Symbols Greek Letters Subscripts Superscripts In MatlabLatex Greek Letters…. And, finally,$^{\circ}$is another way of obtaining roughly the right symbol. Defining a Vector¶. Uppercase letters from the Greek alphabet. I know I should use html, but this seems working just with Toogle Button. 1 on Unbuntu 9. 2 on Mac OS X, both have the same problem. Greek Letters The following table lists Greek letters and the corresponding Maple symbols that display as Greek letters in a worksheet. Running Matlab 1. Sometimes students or those who deal with mathematics, physics or various kinds of calculations may need to type a degree sign , but we do not have one directly on our keyboard. seed ( 1 ) # for reproducible, pseudo-random numbers betas <- rnorm ( 1000 ) hist ( betas , main = expression ( beta ) ). Try the following code to see what happens. if you think maybe so, I’l m show you a few image once more under: So, if …. To learn more about Matlab, take Learnrope's free Matlab course:http://learnrope. This video explains about how to use Greek letters, subscript, superscript, symbols in Matlab Plot, i. To produce special characters, including greek letters, in the output regions of a MuPAD notebook, use the Symbol command: Non-Greek Characters in Text Regions. It is not changed from the code line. Start studying Matlab (Exam 1). Page: How can I format MATLAB code for LaTeX? (IS&T Contributions) Page: How can I get Greek letters in a MATLAB figure title or plot label? (IS&T Contributions) Page: How can I get more information on MATLAB? (IS&T Contributions) Page: How can I load data into MATLAB from a text file? (IS&T Contributions) Page: How can I plot data points from. First means multiply the terms which occur first in each binomial, Outer means multiply the outermost terms in the product, Inner means multiply the innermost terms, and Last means multiply the terms which occur last in each binomial. How to write log3 (base 10) in Latex? Related MATLAB, Maple, Mathematica, LaTeX, Etc News on Phys. Some Greeks, however, write it just like a common hand-written version of the Roman a, as shown on the right. In a scientific field we use them a lot as a one-off for a word (ie D_alpha. The codes can also be used in some types of mathematical symbols, in the integral included in the example the _ is used to set the lower bound and the ^ for the upper bound. As you see, the way the equations are displayed depends on the delimiter, in this case  and . How can I use greek symbols in plot labels?. Greek letters can be included in titles and labels using the expression command. On the Attributes tab, you can edit the type, color, and size of the selected symbols. I am trying to replicate the results of Figure 2 from this paper, (pdf). By default, MATLAB ® supports a subset of TeX markup. For example, to type a dollar symbol ($), type 0024, press ALT, and then press X. How can I display greek letters as boxplot labels?. Let us take the Figue. Setprompt usage exles 1 greek letters and numbers sport about fort collins select a site matlab screenshot formatted les lowercase greek symbols available in latex p0dxbl2f Greek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkGreek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkGreek Letters And Special Characters In…. As I was deliberating the topic of my weekly article, a new CSSM newsreader thread arrived today to immediately conclude the debate: The CSSM poster asked how Matlab labels can be modified to display non-ASCII characters such as the ∀ or β math symbols. ASCII nonprinting control characters. For Greek letters and special characters in MATLAB, see Greek Letters and Special Characters in Chart Text (MATLAB). All forms of the text function optionally return this output argument. How to insert Greek letters (having trouble with \greekletter) Browse other questions tagged greek or ask your own Proper way to use greek letters in an. One way to do this is: >> set (gca,'FontName','Symbol') "gca" is the "handle" for the current axes object. The figure looks good in gview but when I view the yap document the greek letter \mu prints out as a "m" instead of a mu. Greek Letter Maple Symbol Lower Case Upper Case , alpha Alpha , beta Beta * , gamma * Gamma , delta Delta , epsilon. The most common types are the line plot, the scatter plot, and the bar plot as shown on the following page. How to type symbols, accents, special characters, and weird punctuation How to type Ohm sign Ω. An n-dimensional vector eld is described by a one-to-one correspondence between n-numbers and a point. An economic analysis is done and optimal solar contribution is calculated. Greek Symbol lambda using fprintf. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. In a MuPAD notebook, you can convert characters in the text region to Greek letters one at a time: Special Characters in Outputs. Enquire for course details, fees and course duration. ASCII Chart in Matlab In this article we have three goals: first, we're going to develop an ASCII chart to understand instructions char and double in Matlab; second, we're going to work with a simple ASCII conversion technique as an example of simple encoding, and third, we're going to develop a rot13 method, which happens to be another encoding technique. for it would be:. pushbutton1,'String','S','FontName','symbol','FontSize',12) Now the problem is the signma is to be used as an input in the edit box by the user, which means that if the user presses this sigma button the sigma sign should appear in the edit text box. Matlab math symbols keyword after analyzing the system lists the list of keywords related and the list of websites with related content, in addition you can see which keywords most interested customers on the this website. This section describes how to construct a T E X character sequence. It allows you to make impressions both of the created program, the calculation made, of the 2D and 3D graphics, results table. This type of plot is appropriate, for example, when connecting data points with straight lines would give the misleading impression that the function being plotted is continuous between the sampled data points. How to type symbols, accents, special characters, and weird punctuation How to type Ohm sign Ω. This means I do not want \mu to be italic. Greek Alphabet – The Greek Letters/Symbols and Their Meanings May 1, 2019 by Metin As one of the most prominent and improved civilizations of earlier history, the culture of ancient Greeks surely left its mark on mankind’s progress. 1, which is represented with all possible options by using symbols, Greek letters and super and subscripts are also shown. Specify the text location coordinates (the x, y, and z arguments) in the data units of the current axes (see "Examples"). How to insert infinity symbol in excel? Zhead: 7/16/09 5:11 AM: Does anyone know an Alt key. From OeisWiki. 만경창파 | Sometimes our fate resembles a fruit tree in winter. Omega symbol matlab keyword after analyzing the system lists the list of keywords related and the list of websites with related content, in addition you can see which keywords most interested customers on the this website. An online LaTeX editor that's easy to use. Supported symbols are listed here (alphabetically). Welcome to our reviews of the not equal matlab symbol (also known as Good Relationship Habits). 7 and I have Matlab R2011b. For Greek letters and special characters in MATLAB, see Greek Letters and Special Characters in Chart Text (MATLAB). First means multiply the terms which occur first in each binomial, Outer means multiply the outermost terms in the product, Inner means multiply the innermost terms, and Last means multiply the terms which occur last in each binomial. Archaic Greek letters Symbol. I am trying to replicate the results of Figure 2 from this paper, (pdf). com/2016/08/all-mathematical-symbols-name-list. Specify the text location coordinates (the x, y, and z arguments) in the data units of the current axes (see "Examples"). In the system of Greek numerals, it stands for the number 800. Greek alphabet letters are used as math and science symbols. Although Modern and Ancient Greek use the same alphabet, Ancient Greek uses 7 different diacritical signs (accents, breathings, etc. Adding Revit text symbols like "Ø" Quick little bit of info for adding symbols while tying in Revit We use Aerial (out of box for Revit) and it has all of the symbols we would need. This le can now be compiled from a LATEX editor to generate a LATEX document. Using the code that works for a figure plot doesn't seem to work. Greek alphabet and latex commands [not a question]. As with many LaTeX commands, you enclose the string that you want to format in a pair of dollar signs ($). List of all mathematical symbols and signs - meaning and examples. Hire the best freelance Technical Translators in Glasgow, SCT on Upwork™, the world's top freelancing website. steven2358 / cheatsheet. 32 FAQ-149 How to insert Greek symbols and subscript in plot legends and axis titles from worksheet headers? Last Update: 1/4/2018. like nu and mu. Code: >> xlabel('$\tilde{\phi}_{C}$','FontSize',20,'Interpreter','latex') Instead of \phi it shows the A with an accent. shows that file durer. We often talk about the irrationality of pi, e, zeta(3) etc and the. π • σ • ε. There is shortcut for this 1. Greek Letter Maple Symbol Lower Case Upper Case , alpha Alpha , beta Beta * , gamma * Gamma , delta Delta , epsilon. Spencer and Brigham Young University This is a tutorial to help you get started in Matlab. حروف و علامت‌های یونانی در نرم افزار متلب (MATLAB Greek Symbols) آموزش حروف یونانی در نرم افزار MATAB موجود هستند و کاربرد فراوانی دارند. Specify the text location coordinates (the x, y, and z arguments) in the data units of the current axes (see "Examples"). Use the following format for citations: Fig. To edit symbols, select and double-click the symbols that you want to edit. Greek letters – maple programming , Greek letters the following table lists greek letters and the corresponding maple symbols that display as greek letters in a worksheet. Position Decimal Name Appearance; 0x0100: 256: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON: Ā: 0x0101: 257: LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON: ā: 0x0102: 258: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE. In my MATLAB command window if i type disp(' \alpha ') i am getting \alpha as output and not the greek letter for alpha. The code writes a text annotation to the right of the middle data point. Examples of Matlab code in this pamphlet are in typewriter font like this. This takes place between such things as points, lines, surfaces, or figures, shapes, or polyg. In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of any kind of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total. Why in the world is matlab's editor not capable of dealing with greek letters, subscripts and superscripts? I cannot possibly be the only one who would rather see the greek letter for pi instead of the word. I need it for. How to cite MATLAB (bibtex / latex) So I’ve been extensively using MATLAB recently and while writing a paper had to cite it. Selected LaTeX Math Symbols Note: there is another version of this document featuring HTML entities for math symbols, as well as LaTeX commands. Symbols that resemble letters. —the official records, letters, diaries and recollections of the soldiers the 4th north carolina saw action in north carolina, virginia, maryland and pennsylvania, and was a part of general lees army of northern virginia. If that doesn't work, you can also programmatically use char(). Note: the student version of Matlab is cheap, powerful, and even has part of Maple in it. It does mess up IntelliSense because your keyboard probably doesn't have Greek keys - unless you live in Greece, that is. If you only have to enter a few special characters or symbols, you can use the Character Map or type keyboard shortcuts. To use the greek letter generator, simply click to select your font style, type in your letters (corresponding to the letter key to the left) and click generate when you are finished. Insert an ASCII or Unicode character into a document. Note 1: dotless i and j (symbols \imath and \jmath ) can be used to leave room for whatever hat you want them to wear. Occult symbols are fast replacing Christian symbols in our culture. If necessary, display equations should be cited using the following format: Eqn 1. Greek Letters The following table lists Greek letters and the corresponding Maple symbols that display as Greek letters in a worksheet. The interface follows a language that is designed to look a lot like the notation use in linear algebra. How to insert infinity symbol in excel? Zhead: 7/16/09 5:11 AM: Does anyone know an Alt key. Hi I want to use text with Greek letter in an image (use text as part of the image) using "Inserttext" as suggested by Mathworks. Also provided is a list of symbols for different currencies around the world. 3 and higher, the backslash is used to indicate a namespace. There's a difference between symbolic expressions and symbolic equations in MATLAB. The symbol "M", for instance, is used for both an uppercase "m" and an uppercase "µ". Type Greek uses beta code, converting each beta code keystroke into the corresponding Greek character. On the Attributes tab, you can edit the type, color, and size of the selected symbols. There's a difference between symbolic expressions and symbolic equations in MATLAB. μ' The number 40 in Greek numerals. Why in the world is matlab's editor not capable of dealing with greek letters, subscripts and superscripts? I cannot possibly be the only one who would rather see the greek letter for pi instead of the word. The figure looks good in gview but when I view the yap document the greek letter \mu prints out as a "m" instead of a mu. Who would think that those branches would turn green again and blossom, but we hope it, we know it. Use these codes if you need to insert a word or short phrase within a multilingual text. in latex, matlab, etc and has the form$\alpha\$ to represent the greek character alpha for example). MATLAB version is 7. Greek symbols in plot labels. Using the code that works for a figure plot doesn't seem to work. For representing a vector, [5] [6] the common typographic convention is lower case, upright boldface type, as in v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } for a vector named ‘v’. Select Symbol from this menu 3. Defining a Vector¶. Selected LaTeX Math Symbols Note: there is another version of this document featuring HTML entities for math symbols, as well as LaTeX commands. Learn more about plot, label, greek symbol. You also can use TeX markup to add superscripts, subscripts, and modify the text type and color. Matlab central – greek letters, latex interpreter, italic, When i use greek letters in matlab figures with the text interpreter set to latex, these letters always appear. Defining a Vector¶. Baedeker Greek Islands Updated Surprised by words psyche and symbol in the work of david holt Face Detection Source Code In Matlab. Greek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkGreek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkGreek Letters And Special Characters In Chart Text Matlab SimulinkHow Can I Put The Epsilon Letter Like Symbol 3 But InHow To Use Symbols Greek Letters Subscripts Superscripts In MatlabLatex Greek Letters…. The use of Greek letter names is presumably by extension from the common finance terms alpha and beta, and the use of sigma (the standard deviation of logarithmic returns) and tau (time to expiry) in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. MATLAB is a special-purpose language that is an excellent choice for writing moderate-size programs that solve problems involving the manipulation of numbers. Uppercase Greek Letters Binary operation symbols. Add text labels to plots, including using Greek symbols Types of Plots Electrical engineers use a wide variety of graphs to show their data. Many thanks. Now, this can be the primary image: Think about picture earlier mentioned? will be of which wonderful???. Loading the textgreek package allows typesetting greek letters, generally just by adding a text-prefix to the letter name, e. Greek Letters in Text Regions in MuPAD. Basic Math. There are multiple ways you can insert mathematics symbols in Windows 10. I tried: C=60; eq= sprintf('\epsilon. Greek Letter Maple Symbol Lower Case Upper Case , alpha Alpha , beta Beta * , gamma * Gamma , delta Delta , epsilon. The symbol θ, is often used in mathematics like other Greek letters. Learn more about recursion, function MATLAB I have code here with a maze that uses a recursive function to solve the maze and then prints •Suppose that the program has reached the following position: •The recursive decomposition of a maze generates a series of independent submazes; the goal is to solve any one of them. greek symbols in my code. You can add text to a chart that includes Greek letters and special characters using TeX markup. The most common types are the line plot, the scatter plot, and the bar plot as shown on the following page. حروف و علامت‌های یونانی در نرم افزار متلب (MATLAB Greek Symbols) آموزش حروف یونانی در نرم افزار MATAB موجود هستند و کاربرد فراوانی دارند. In the following document, we will refer to special characters for all symbols other than the lowercase letters a–z, uppercase letters A-Z, figures 0–9, and English punctuation marks. Although she was most often referred to as the goddess of the harvest, she was also goddess of sacred law and the cycle of life and death. What's Mars solar conjunction, and why does it matter?. On the Insert tab, in the Symbols group, click the arrow under Equation, and then click Insert New Equation. An n-dimensional vector eld is described by a one-to-one correspondence between n-numbers and a point. Hire the best freelance Technical Translators in Glasgow, SCT on Upwork™, the world's top freelancing website. I want to place Greek characters in my plot. MATLAB ® admite un subconjunto de marcado Tex. 1 PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO TENSOR CALCULUS A scalar eld describes a one-to-one correspondence between a single scalar number and a point. The reason why is because I would just spend time and think through, prove, derive, intuit, etc. In algebra, we can write a = 3 or 3 = a -- these are equivalent. There are multiple ways you can insert mathematics symbols in Windows 10. edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The figure looks good in gview but when I view the yap document the greek letter \mu prints out as a "m" instead of a mu. I would like to put '/mu' of the Greek alphabet in a text in my GUI and can not seem to be able to do it. The 24 Greek letters are used extensively in math. But instead of the delta-symbol my x-axis is simply labeled 'D' a = plot(0. Hello All, I know this should be easy but I seem to not be able to it. greek symbols in my code. You may want to have a look at PyX (pyx. For most up-dates and latest news about (Greek Letters Matlab ) photos, please kindly follow us on tweets, path, Instagram and google plus, or you mark this page on bookmark area, We attempt to give you up grade periodically with all new and fresh pictures, like your searching, and find the perfect for you. (The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. To add these letters to MATLAB, you must use a special escape sequence. Hire the best freelance Technical Translators in Glasgow, SCT on Upwork™, the world's top freelancing website. To create any of these Greek letters using the Alt codes, simply press the "Alt" key while simultaneously typing the listed number. Is there any way to get around with this since I'd like to stick to Linux R2012b for various reasons. The integral sign ∫ represents integration. Most of the same property/value pairs that can be used with TEXT will work with STEXT. For Greek letters, click the Greek button on the Format toolbar and type in english letters, corresponding Greek letters will show. 9 List of Mathematical Symbols In the following tables you nd all the symbols normally accessible from math mode. 2 on Mac OS X, both have the same problem. (See the end of the answer regarding a notable exception when you use the hyperref package. In a MuPAD notebook, you can convert characters in the text region to Greek letters one at a time: Special Characters in Outputs.


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# Autocorrelation and Autocovariance: Calculation, Examples, and More

Autocorrelation and autocovariance are one of the most critical metrics in financial time series econometrics. Both functions are based on covariance and correlation metrics. You will learn more about them. This easy-to-learn essential guide will help you understand better about ARMA models.

You might have encountered yourself trying to learn the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model. You then started to see a lot of use of covariances and correlations, but strangely enough, you see those two words with the prefix "auto" and you get frightened!

## What is autocovariance?

First, you need to understand what covariance and correlation are. Remember that covariance is applied to 2 assets. The autocovariance is the same as the covariance.

The only difference is that the autocovariance is applied to the same asset, i.e., you compute the covariance of the asset price return X with the same asset price return X, but from a previous period.

How’s that possible? Simple, check it out:

$$\text{Cov(X,Y)} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(X_{i}-\overline{X}\right)\left(Y_{i}-\overline{Y}\right)}{N-1}$$

Where X and Y can be the returns of asset X and Y, respectively.

Now, the autocovariance function can be defined as:

$$\gamma_{s} = \frac{\sum_{t=1}^{T}\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)\left(r_{t-s}-\overline{r}\right)}{N-1}$$

Where:

• $\gamma_{s} \text{: Autocovariance at lag “}s\text{”}.$
• $r_{t} \text{: Asset price returns at time “}t\text{”}.$
• $r_{t-s} \text{: Asset price returns at time “}t-s\text{”}.$

• ## What is autocorrelation?

In simple terms, autocorrelation is the same as the correlation function! To be specific, autocorrelation, as the autocovariance, is applied to the same asset.

Check the difference between correlation and autocorrelation (also called serial correlation) below:

$$\text{Corr(X,Y)} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(X_{i}-\overline{X}\right)\left(Y_{i}-\overline{Y}\right)} { \sqrt{ \left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} \left( X_{i}-\overline{X} \right)^2 \right) \left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} \left( Y_{i}-\overline{Y} \right)^2 \right) } } = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(X_{i}-\overline{X}\right)\left(Y_{i}-\overline{Y}\right)} { \sqrt{ \sum_{i=1}^{n} \left( X_{i}-\overline{X} \right)^2 } \sqrt{ \sum_{i=1}^{n} \left( Y_{i}-\overline{Y} \right)^2 } }$$
$$\text{Corr(X,Y)} = \frac{Cov(X,Y)}{SD_{X}SD_{Y}}$$

Where:

• $\text{Cov(}X,Y\text{: Covariance between }X \text{ and }Y.$
• $SD_{X} \text{: Standard Deviation of variable }\text{X}.$
• $SD_{Y} \text{: Standard Deviation of variable }\text{Y}.$
• Now let’s check the autocorrelation:

$$\rho_{s} = \frac{\text{Cov}\left(r_t,r_{t-s}\right)}{\text{Var}\left(r_t\right)}$$

Where:

• $\rho_{s} \text{: Autocorrelation at lag “}s\text{”}.$
• $r_{t} \text{: Asset price returns at time “}t\text{”}.$
• $r_{t-s} \text{: Asset price returns at time “}t-s\text{”}.$
• $\text{Var}\left(r_t\right) \text{: Variance of returns}.$

Why variance and not the multiplication of the standard deviation of the returns at the different lags?

Well, you must remember that an ARMA model is applied to stationary time series. This topic belongs to time series analysis. Consequently, it is assumed that the price returns, if stationary, have the same variance for any lag, i.e.:

$$\text{Var}\left(r_t\right) = \text{Var}\left(r_{t-1}\right) = \text{Var}\left(r_{t-2}\right) = ... = \text{Var}\left(r_{0}\right)$$

## What are the autocovariance and autocorrelation at lag zero?

Interesting question and simple to answer! Let’s see first for the former:

$$\gamma_{0} = \frac{\sum_{t=1}^{T}\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)\left(r_{t-0}-\overline{r}\right)}{N-1} = \gamma_{0} = \frac{\sum_{t=1}^{T}\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)}{N-1} = \gamma_{0} = \frac{\sum_{t=1}^{T}\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)^2}{N-1}$$

Can you guess what the last part resembles?
It is the variance of the price returns!

Consequently, the autocovariance of the returns at lag 0 is the variance of the returns.

Can you guess now what the autocorrelation of the returns would be at lag 0?Let’s use the formulas to find out:

$$\rho_{0} = \frac{\text{Cov}\left(r_t,r_{t-0}\right)}{\text{Var}\left(r_t\right)} = \frac{\text{Cov}\left(r_t,r_{t-0}\right)}{\text{Var}\left(r_t\right)} = \frac{\text{Cov}\left(r_t,r_{t}\right)}{\text{Var}\left(r_t\right)}$$

Since we know, from the above algebraic calculation, that the covariance of the same variable is its variance, we have the following:

$$\rho_{0} = \frac{\text{Cov}\left(r_t,r_{t}\right)}{\text{Var}\left(r_t\right)} = \frac{ \text{Var}\left(r_t\right)} {\text{Var}\left(r_t\right)}$$ $$\rho_{0} = 1$$

Consequently, the autocorrelation function for any asset price return at lag 0 is always 1.

## Calculation of the autocovariance with an example

You might have been thinking up to now:
Why are the autocovariance and autocorrelation defined with an “s” subscript?
Great question!

Let us explain: Actually, the autocovariance formula defined above is a function which allows the calculation of the autocovariance for different lags. The same for the autocorrelation function.

Confused? Don’t worry! We got you covered!

Let’s see an example to make the concept clear to your thoughts! We are going to make an example of how to calculate the autocovariance of the Microsoft price returns at lag 1. We are going to use the autocovariance function shown above.

Imagine we have the following returns for Microsoft prices:

 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 5% 1% -2% 3% -4% 6% 2% -1% -3% 4%

Let’s suppose we want to compute the autocovariance at lag 1. You will need the returns up to day 10, and the 1-period lagged returns up to day 9.

Thus, you have the following data structure for returns on days 10 and 9:

 Variable Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 $r_{t}$ 5% 1% -2% 3% -4% 6% 2% -1% -3% 4% $r_{t-1}$ 5% 1% -2% 3% -4% 6% 2% -1% -3%

Do you get to see the difference between the 2 variables?
The second one is the first lag of Xt.

Now, since the 2 variables have different dimensions (the first one has 10 observations, while the second one has 9), we are going to use data from day 2 onwards.

Consequently, our data is as follows:

 Variable Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 $r_{t}$ 1% -2% 3% -4% 6% 2% -1% -3% 4% $r_{t-1}$ 5% 1% -2% 3% -4% 6% 2% -1% -3%

The covariance between these 2 variables will be the autocovariance of the returns at lag 1.

You can do this, right?
Check an example we give in our previous article.

Before you get ready to use a pencil and a piece of paper, let us tell you something important.

Remember the autocovariance formula:

$$\gamma_{s} = \frac{\sum_{t=1}^{T}\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)\left(r_{t-s}-\overline{r}\right)}{N-1}$$

If you paid attention to details, you could see that the average return is the same for both returns, in our case, for returns up to day 10 and up to day 9. As we explained before, autocovariance and autocorrelation functions are applied only to stationary time series.

Consequently, not only the variance but also the mean is a unique value for the whole span. That’s why the mean is the same for any lag of the price returns.

The mean of the Microsoft price returns is 1.1%. Let’s follow the procedure to compute the autocovariance:

 Variable $r_{t}$ $r_{t-1}$ $\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)$ $\left(r_{t-1}-\overline{r}\right)$ $\left(r_{t}-\overline{r}\right)$$\left(r_{t-1}-\overline{r}\right)$ Day 2 1% 5% -0.100% 3.900% -0.004% Day 3 -2% 1% -3.100% -0.100% 0.003% Day 4 3% -2% 1.900% -3.100% -0.059% Day 5 -4% 3% -5.100% 1.900% -0.097% Day 6 6% -4% 4.900% -5.100% -0.250% Day 7 2% 6% 0.900% 4.900% 0.044% Day 8 -1% 2% -2.100% 0.900% -0.019% Day 9 -3% -1% -4.100% -2.100% 0.086% Day 10 4% -3% 2.900% -4.100% -0.119%

The autocovariance is just the sum of the last column values divided by (N-1, equal to 8), which results in -0.046%.

## Calculation of the autocorrelation with an example

Let’s follow the same exercise and compute the autocorrelation of the Microsoft price returns up to day 10 at lag 1. The autocorrelation is the autocovariance divided by the variance. We give you the exact hint you need: The variance of Microsoft price returns up to day 10 is 0.121%.

Let’s follow the algebraic formulas and use the numbers to compute the autocorrelation:

$$\rho_{s} = \frac{\text{Cov}\left(r_t,r_{t-s}\right)}{\text{Var}\left(r_t\right)}=\frac{-0.046%}{0.121%}$$ $$\rho_{s} = -0.38$$

## Computation of autocovariance and autocorrelation in Python

Before we do this section, let us tell you something. We have computed the autocovariance and autocorrelation of the Microsoft price returns at lag 1. We couldn’t have computed at lag 2, lag 3, etc. We leave you that as an exercise!

In Python, or any other programming language, when you are required to compute these two important metrics, you will need to compute them at many lags, not only 1, as we did previously above.

So, keep in mind that we are going to use Python to compute the autocovariance and autocorrelation functions, i.e., the autocovariance and autocorrelation at different lags.

First, let’s import the necessary libraries to use:

We now download the Microsoft close prices from January 2021 to August 2022:

We compute the price returns:

As we told you above, in any programming language which has available a library to compute the autocovariance and autocorrelation, you will see you’re going to have functions to get their values for many lags with just that unique functions.

So, let’s compute the autocovariance function up to lag 10 for the Microsoft price returns.

Check the values below:

 $\gamma_{0}$ 0.00028672 $\gamma_{1}$ -1.403e-05 $\gamma_{2}$ -2.5e-06 $\gamma_{3}$ -1.941e-05 $\gamma_{4}$ 2.185e-05 $\gamma_{5}$ 4.88e-06 $\gamma_{6}$ -1.46e-05 $\gamma_{7}$ 1.332e-05 $\gamma_{8}$ -2.423e-05 $\gamma_{9}$ 2.422e-05

Where

$\gamma_{s} \text{: Autocovariance at lag “}s\text{”}.$

Let’s compute the first 10 autocorrelation values:

See the values:

 $\rho_{0}$ 1 $\rho_{1}$ -0.04893 $\rho_{2}$ -0.00871 $\rho_{3}$ -0.0677 $\rho_{4}$ 0.076198 $\rho_{5}$ 0.017024 $\rho_{6}$ -0.05092 $\rho_{7}$ 0.046457 $\rho_{8}$ -0.08451 $\rho_{9}$ 0.084456

As you learned previously, you see that the autocorrelation at lag 0 is 1.

## Plot the autocorrelation function in Python

What is usually done in econometrics is to plot the autocorrelation function. We, of course, are going to do that, see:

You see something strange in the plot, right? What is that blue-coloured highlighted zone? Well, it’s the confidence interval. You can compute that zone with the following formula:

$$\left[-\frac{1.96}{\sqrt{T}},\frac{1.96}{\sqrt{T}}\right]$$

Where T is the total number of observations.

## Computation of autocovariance and autocorrelation in R

Let’s go through this excellent programming language. We install the necessary packages and import them:

Next, we use the getSymbols method to download the Tesla stock data with the same span as for Microsoft.

We compute the returns:

And we obtain the autocovariance function up to lag 10:

Let’s now compute the autocorrelation function up to lag 10:

As you can deduct, the default value for “type” is the autocorrelation function.

## Plot the Autocorrelation Function in R

Finally, let’s plot the autocorrelation function:

We specify first the graph parameters: The main size increase, the axis values increase and the axis labels increase all of them with respect to the plot default value. Besides, we define the margins of the plot.

Next, we plot the autocorrelation function. Finally, we apply the graph parameters to the autocorrelation function plot.

## What Is partial autocorrelation?

Since our mission is to prepare you to model an ARMA process, we need to explain to you this function.

What is it? Let’s explain the function of intuition.

For example, the autocorrelation function at lag 5 might have correlations with its previous lags’ autocorrelations. The partial autocorrelation function gives the autocorrelation at lag 5, but without the relationship of the shorter lags’ autocorrelations.

Putting it in another way, the autocorrelation of Microsoft price returns at lag 5 is about the autocorrelation between returns at time t and at the time (t-5). But this autocorrelation is also influenced by the correlations from lag 1 to lag 4.

The partial autocorrelation is a function that allows having the autocorrelation of returns t and (t-5) removing the indirect relationship that returns from lag 1 to 4 have on it.

## Computation of partial autocorrelation in Python and R

Let’s compute them in python and R.

We follow our previous order. We begin with Python. We plot the partial autocorrelation function for Microsoft:

Let’s compute the partial autocorrelation function for the Tesla stock price returns in R:

We use the same code as for the autocorrelation function, but this time we specify “type=partial” to get the desired output.

### Conclusion

ARMA models based their construction of inspection of the autocovariance and autocorrelation functions. Here, we have helped you understand the most important things about them and their applications in Python and R.

This will help you whenever you want to trade algorithmically since you have here useful code to use. Whenever you initiate yourself on the ARMA models, you will definitely remember this article and be well prepared to understand those types of models. Bookmark this article in your browser, you will not regret it!

As we told you before, this two formulas belong to the time series analysis topic. We guess you're already excited about the topic, aren't you? Do you want to continue learning about it? Check this course on time series analysis to start trading algorithmically!

Are you ready to create your ARMA model? We bet you are!

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# AES as Integer Program

I read that AES can be broken by solving a Linear Integer Program (IP).

1. From a given encrypted text, how can one construct this IP?
2. How big is the system?
• 2. Too big to be easier than just brute forcing AES. – Nova Mar 3 '15 at 14:31
• If I am correct, every symmetric algorithm can be described by a system. The problem is the whole system is too much big to be solved. – ddddavidee Mar 3 '15 at 14:42
• yes i know, but i am still interested how this system look like! – user3613886 Mar 3 '15 at 14:51
• @user3613886, to make simple, each output bit is a boolean function depending of the 128-bits of input message ${x_1, \cdots, x_{128}}$ with also their ONE-Complement and the n-bits of the key ${k_1, \cdots, k_n}$ with also their ONE complement. n=128, 192 or 256 depending of the required secutity. Then each output bit can be viewed as a huge sum of these monomials. After that you can allways try to optimize with KARNAUGH or Queen-Mac Cluskey. I however warn that these method are generally limited to few number of variables $\leq 10$. – Robert NACIRI Mar 3 '15 at 15:21
• Where did you read this? Did they not give any references? – mikeazo Mar 3 '15 at 15:23

BTW any crypto function appears like a map $\{0,1\}^n \times \{0,1\}^m \longrightarrow \;\{0,1\}^n$, with appropriate identification of message and key spaces. We then can mathematically modelize with the theory of boolean functions.
For a chosen m-bit key; $y_i=f_{k,i}(x_1,\cdots,x_n)=\sum_{(u_1,\cdots,u_n)}a_u.x_1^{u_1}\cdots x_n^{u_n}=\sum_u.a_ux^u$, with a compact representation where $u=(u_1,\cdots,u_n)$ and $u_i \in \{-1,0,+1\}$, and $u_i^{-1}=1-u_i$ represents the ONE-complement of the bit $u_i$.


text:
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## Who is it for?

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## What are the costs?

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text:
Revision history [back]

stereo calibration needs several image pairs, it does not work with a single pair.

objectPoints should contain vector of vectors of points of type Point3f

so, for each pair of chessboard images, you need to append a list of points for both object and imagepts.

(tl;dr: you need another pair of [] around it)

stereo calibration needs several image pairs, it does not work with a single pair.

objectPoints should contain vector of vectors of points of type Point3f

so, for each pair of chessboard images, you need to append a list of points for both object and imagepts.

(tl;dr: you need another pair of [] around it)

then:

• you need more image pairs, variation in pose and distance. make iew sure to have the corners of the view covered, bc. lens distortion is largest there.
• you must check the ret value from findChessboardCorners()and discard the whole pair, if it did not find all the corners in both images

stereo calibration needs several image pairs, it does not work with a single pair.

objectPoints should contain vector of vectors of points of type Point3f

so, for each pair of chessboard images, you need to append a list of points for both object and imagepts.

(tl;dr: you need another pair of [] around it)

then:

• you need more image pairs, variation in pose and distance. make iew sure to have the corners of the view covered, bc. lens distortion is largest there.
• you must check the ret value from findChessboardCorners()and discard the whole pair, if it did not find all the corners in both images


text:
# [Blindmath] Accessible Physics Concepts for Blind Students

John J. Boyer john.boyer at abilitiessoft.com
Tue Jun 14 22:08:06 CDT 2011

Birkir,

Thanks for the information and the links. I notice that you mention TSS
from ViewPlus Technologies. The company is one of the sponsors of
BrailleBlaster. It will go beyond TSS and be cross-platform.

John

On Wed, Jun 15, 2011 at 02:32:08AM +0000, Birkir Gunarsson wrote:
> WAI-ARIA draft/document
> http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php
>
> Note that ARIA support still differs across both browsers and screen
> readers, and I believe the specification is a final draft,not official
> W3C standard yet.
> This is the right solution for the future certainly, but just keep in
> mind that you may still get complaints for some time (months
> probably).
> But if everyone shies away from implementing new things because they
> have not become a standard, they will never become a standard.
> I can't comment on the site in question, but I would've thought using
> headings of different levels might help clarify and keep the site
> organizied, as well as making site navigation easier.
> see the WebAIM article:
> http://webaim.org/techniques/semanticstructure/
>
> For math using MathJax (http://www.mathjax.org) or embed MathML for
> mathematics will allow users to play math in smost screen readers
> using MathPlayer from Design Science (www.dessci.com). MP is IE8
> compatible and there's work in IE9 and Firefox compatibility I believe
> (Neil Soiffer will comment on that soon I am sure, he is the developer
> for MathPlayer).
> MathML can also be embossed into braille by both Duxbury DBT and TSS
> from ViewPlus (though the preferred source format is Word with
> MathML).
> In csae you are wondering about PDF, it is not very screen reader
> friendly with math, though there have been some experiments with
> making MathPlayer work with PDF, and those who can read pure TeX can
> use it inside an accessible (tagged) PDF document.
> For graphics use SVG for all graphs. This is another area still under
> Assistive Technology development, but SVG is a key concept of UDL, U
> of Washington has done embossing work as well as APH (as mentioned
> above).
> SVG and MathML are both core technologies of HTML5 and ePub3 so future
> websites and eBooks can create a STEM accessibility world that
> hitherto has been completely out of reach for most visually imapred
> people.
> Of course there has been a lot of the "chicken and egg" situation in
> this field. Due to little interest of end users in STEM accessibility
> it has been hard to encourage Assistive Technology development and
> hard to persuade publishers to consider these formats, but the lack of
> available material in accessible formats is the key to increasing
> participation and interest from the print disabled community (for
> discussion of ptint disabled see http://www.readingrights.org ..
> people with visual and cognitive impairments stand to benefit hugely
> from multi media interfacing with STEM material).
> Getting content authors and professionals on-board with this movement
> is key to revolutionizing the accessibility in the field, so welcome
> on board.
> Final pointer for you would be http://www.access2science.org
> This is a relativelynew website but has a lot of information regarding
> STEM accessibility, both producing and consuming.
> hth
> -B
>
> On 6/15/11, Ken Perry <kperry at blinksoft.com> wrote:
> > I work for the American printing house for the blind.  Please write me an
> > email at kperry at aph.org and I will get your tactile graphics request to the
> > www.aph.org.
> >
> > Ken
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: blindmath-bounces at nfbnet.org [mailto:blindmath-bounces at nfbnet.org] On
> > Behalf Of Richard Baldwin
> > Sent: Tuesday, June 14, 2011 9:02 PM
> > To: Blind Math list for those interested in mathematics
> > Subject: Re: [Blindmath] Accessible Physics Concepts for Blind Students
> >
> > Hello Lucas,
> >
> > I'm new to this list and I'm not certain exactly how it works. I'm going to
> > hit reply and hope that does everything necessary for me to to reply to the
> > members of the list.
> >
> > I appreciate the compliment. As you read through the material, please let me
> > know if you have any suggestions for improvement.
> >
> > I am hard at work right now trying to find a way to incorporate tactile
> > graphics into the material. If you know of an organization that would be
> > willing to use a ViewPlus embosser to emboss SVG files for students,
> >
> > Yes, you may use my material in your project.
> >
> > I am publishing this material under a Creative Commons license (see
> >
> > I am going to copy a couple of links from the Connexions website below to
> >
> > How to reuse and attribute this content (see
> > How to cite  and attribute this content (
> >
> > If you would like to republish the translation on the Connexions website,
> > I'm sure they would be happy for you to publish it there.
> >
> > Wishing you the best,
> > Dick Baldwin
> >
> >
> > On Tue, Jun 14, 2011 at 7:26 PM, Lucas Radaelli
> >
> >> Richard,
> >>
> >> 1. The site has too many headings, and using ARIA landmarks would have
> > been
> >> better.
> >>
> >>
> >> I took a look at the website, and it is amazing your work, I didn't
> >> know it. The way it is, it is easy to navigate by headers.
> >>
> >> I also would like to know if you let me use your material in my
> >> project. I live in Brazil and probably a lot of blind students here
> >> don't know English yet, so it would be interesting to translate your
> >> book into my language...
> >>
> >> Thank you!
> >>
> >> 2011/6/14, Richard Baldwin <baldwin at dickbaldwin.com>:
> >> > I am the author of the eBook in the subject line.
> >> >
> >> > I just learned of this list and subscribed to it.
> >> >
> >> > I was happy to find several comments about my eBook and about the site
> > in
> >> > the recent archives. I have a couple of questions.
> >> >
> >> > The comments were:
> >> >
> >> > 1. The site has too many headings, and using ARIA landmarks would have
> >> been
> >> > better.
> >> >
> >> > 2. You need to locate the Navigation heading to reach the table of
> >> content
> >> > for the course.
> >> >
> >> > 3. You might consider adding information on the BrailleBlaster project,
> >> > which
> >> > will target especially STEM. There is an article on me and the project
> > on
> >> > the April DAISY Planet. To find it, look for my name.
> >> >
> >> > My questions are:
> >> >
> >> > Regarding item 1 above, does this refer to the navigational material
> > that
> >> > belongs to the site, or to the format of the modules that I have written
> >> and
> >> > posted on the site?
> >> >
> >> > I'm not familiar with the term ARIA landmarks and my first look at what
> >> the
> >> > W3C has to say about the topic wasn't very enlightening. Can someone
> >> point
> >> > me to a beginner's tutorial on the topic? If that is a better approach,
> > I
> >> > will be happy to switch to it once I know what it is and how to do it.
> >> >
> >> > Regarding item 2 above, I am assuming that this has to do with the
> >> > organizational structure of the site itself and not with the material
> >> that I
> >> > have posted there. Is that a correct assumption?
> >> >
> >> > Regarding item 3 above, at this point I simply don't know enough about
> >> > BrailleBlaster to talk about it. However, once I find a break in writing
> >> > technical modules for the eBook, I plan to provide a page containing a
> >> > variety of resources, and I will certainly include a link to the
> >> > BrailleBlaster site when I post those resources.
> >> >
> >> > Thanks for the comments,
> >> > Dick Baldwin
> >> > _______________________________________________
> >> > Blindmath mailing list
> >> > Blindmath at nfbnet.org
> >> > http://www.nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org
> >> > To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
> >> > Blindmath:
> >> >
> >>
> > mail.com
> >> >
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Blindmath mailing list
> >> Blindmath at nfbnet.org
> >> http://www.nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org
> >> To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
> >> Blindmath:
> >>
> >>
> > http://www.nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/baldwin%40dickbal
> > dwin.com
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > Richard G. Baldwin (Dick Baldwin)
> > Home of Baldwin's on-line Java Tutorials
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Developing software for people with disabilities


text:
Trace values of thermal-hydraulic regime (temperature, pressure, consumption) in the bunched pipeline against the flow direction using norms of heat flux values prescribed by Minenergo Order 325.

m325tracebw(
sender = 6,
acceptor = 7,
temperature = 70,
pressure = pipenostics::mpa_kgf(6),
consumption = 20,
d = 100,
len = 72.446,
year = 1986,
insulation = 0,
laying = "tunnel",
beta = FALSE,
exp5k = TRUE,
roughness = 0.001,
inlet = 0.5,
outlet = 1,
method = "romeo",
opinion = "median",
verbose = TRUE,
csv = FALSE,
file = "m325tracebw.csv"
)

## Arguments

sender identifier of the node which heat carrier flows out. Type: any type that can be painlessly coerced to character by as.character. identifier of the node which heat carrier flows in. According to topology of test bench considered this identifier should be unique for every row. Type: any type that can be painlessly coerced to character by as.character. snapshot of thermal-hydraulic regime state: temperature of heat carrier (water) sensor-measured on the terminal acceptor node, [°C]. Use NA_float_s for nodes without temperature sensor. Type: assert_double. snapshot of thermal-hydraulic regime state: sensor-measured absolute pressure of heat carrier (water) inside the pipe (i.e. acceptor's incoming edge), [MPa]. Type: assert_double. snapshot of thermal-hydraulic regime state: sensor-measured amount of heat carrier (water) on terminal node that is transferred by pipe (i.e. acceptor's incoming edge) during a period, [ton/hour]. Type: assert_double. Use NA_float_s for nodes without consumption sensor. internal diameter of pipe (i.e.diameter of acceptor's incoming edge), [mm]. Type: assert_double. pipe length (i.e. length of acceptor's incoming edge), [m]. Type: assert_double. year when the pipe (i.e. acceptor's incoming edge) is put in operation after laying or total overhaul. Type: assert_integerish. identifier of insulation that covers the exterior of pipe (i.e. acceptor's incoming edge): 0no insulation 1foamed polyurethane or analogue 2polymer concrete Type: assert_subset. type of pipe laying depicting the position of pipe in space. Only five types of pipe laying are considered: air, channel, room, tunnel, underground. Type: assert_subset. logical indicator: should they consider additional heat losses of fittings located on this pipe (i.e. acceptor's incoming edge)? Type: assert_logical. logical indicator for regime of pipe (i.e. acceptor's incoming edge): if TRUE pipe is operated more that 5000 hours per year. Type: assert_logical. roughness of internal wall of pipe (i.e. acceptor's incoming edge), [m]. Type: assert_logical. elevation of pipe inlet, [m]. Type: assert_double. elevation of pipe outlet, [m]. Type: assert_double. method of determining Darcy friction factor: romeo vatankhan buzelli Type: assert_choice. For more details see dropp. method for aggregating values of regime parameters on each node for the next tracing step: meanvalues of parameter are averaged before the next tracing step medianmedian of parameter values are used for the next tracing step Type: assert_choice. logical indicator: should they watch tracing process on console? Type: assert_flag. logical indicator: should they incrementally dump results to csv-file while tracing? Type: assert_flag. name of csv-file which they dump results to. Type: assert_character of length 1 that can be used safely to create a file and write to it.

## Value

data.frame containing results of tracing in long format (narrow format) mostly like it returned by function m325tracefw:

node

identifier of the node for which regime parameters is calculated. Values in this vector are identical to those in argument acceptor. Type: assert_character.

trace

concatenated identifiers of nodes from which regime parameters are traced for the given node. Identifier sensor is used when values of regime parameters for the node are sensor readings. Type: assert_character.

backward

identifier of tracing direction. It constantly equals to TRUE. Type: assert_logical.

aggregation

aggregation method associated with values of calculated temperature or pressure in data.frame's row for the node:

identity

values (opinions) of temperature or pressure as they are (no aggregation).

span

span of values (opinions) of temperature or pressure for the node

median

median of values (opinions) of temperature or pressure for the node

mean

avaraged values (opinions) temperature or pressure for the node

Type: assert_character.

temperature

snapshot of thermal-hydraulic regime state: traced temperature of heat carrier (water) that is associated with the node, [°C] Type: assert_double.

pressure

snapshot of thermal-hydraulic regime state: traced pressure of heat carrier (water) that is associated with the node, [MPa] Type: assert_double.

consumption

snapshot of thermal-hydraulic regime state: traced pressure of heat carrier (water) that is associated with the node, [ton/hour] Type: assert_double.

job

value of trace step counter. Type: assert_integer.

## Details

The calculated (values of) regime may be considered as representation of district heating process in conditions of hypothetically perfect technical state of pipe walls and insulation.

They consider the topology of district heating network much similar to m325testbench:

Tracing starts from sensor-equipped nodes and goes backwards, i.e against the flow direction.

Though some input arguments are natively vectorized their individual values all relate to common part of district heating network, i.e. associated with common object. It is due to isomorphism between vector representation and directed graph of this network. For more details of isomorphic topology description see m325testbench.

Before tracing starts for the next node, previously calculated values of temperature or pressure at the node are aggregated by either averaging or by median. The latter seems more robust for avoiding strong influence of possible outliers which may come from actual heating transfer anomalies, erroneous sensor readings or wrong pipeline specifications.

Aggregation for values of consumption at the node is always sum.

# Get isomorphic representation of district heating network graph: nx <- pipenostics::m325testbench nx$d <- 1e3*nx$d # convert [m] to [mm] # When tracing large network graphs put screen log to file output <- do.call("m325tracebw", c(as.list(nx), verbose = TRUE))
# Distinct options for opinion aggregation lead to distinct traced # temperature and pressure: output <- list( mean = do.call("m325tracebw", c(as.list(nx), verbose = FALSE, opinion = "mean")), median = do.call("m325tracebw", c(as.list(nx), verbose = FALSE, opinion = "median")) ) stopifnot( round( subset( output$mean, node == 13 & aggregation == "median", c("temperature", "pressure", "consumption") ) - subset( output$median, node == 13 & aggregation == "median", c("temperature", "pressure", "consumption") ), 5 # difference between aggregation options ) == c(dt = 0.03732, dp = 0.00139, dg = 0) )


text:
# Observation of proton-tagged, central (semi)exclusive production of high-mass lepton pairs in pp collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer

CMS Collaboration; Canelli, Maria Florencia; Kilminster, Benjamin; Aarrestad, Thea K; Brzhechko, Danyyl; Caminada, Lea; De Cosa, Annapaoloa; Del Burgo, Riccardo; Donato, Silvio; Galloni, Camilla; Hreus, Tomas; Leontsinis, Stefanos; Mikuni, Vinicius Massami; Neutelings, Izaak; Rauco, Giorgia; Robmann, Peter; Salerno, Daniel; Schweiger, Korbinian; Seitz, Claudia; Takahashi, Yuta; Wertz, Sebastien; Zucchetta, Alberto; et al (2018). Observation of proton-tagged, central (semi)exclusive production of high-mass lepton pairs in pp collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer. Journal of High Energy Physics, 07:153.

## Abstract

The process $pp → pℓ^+ℓ^−p^{(*)}$, with $ℓ^+ℓ^−$ a muon or an electron pair produced at midrapidity with mass larger than 110 GeV, has been observed for the first time at the LHC in pp collisions at $\sqrt s=13 TeV$. One of the two scattered protons is measured in the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer (CT-PPS), which operated for the first time in 2016. The second proton either remains intact or is excited and then dissociates into a low-mass state $p^*$, which is undetected. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of $9.4 fb^{−1}$ collected during standard, high-luminosity LHC operation. A total of $12 μ^+μ^−$ and $8 e^+e^−$ pairs with $m(ℓ^+ℓ^−)$ > 110 GeV, and matching forward proton kinematics, are observed, with expected backgrounds of 1.49 ± 0.07 (stat) ± 0.53 (syst) and 2.36 ± 0.09 (stat) ± 0.47 (syst), respectively. This corresponds to an excess of more than five standard deviations over the expected background. The present result constitutes the first observation of proton-tagged γγ collisions at the electroweak scale. This measurement also demonstrates that CT-PPS performs according to the design specifications.

## Abstract

The process $pp → pℓ^+ℓ^−p^{(*)}$, with $ℓ^+ℓ^−$ a muon or an electron pair produced at midrapidity with mass larger than 110 GeV, has been observed for the first time at the LHC in pp collisions at $\sqrt s=13 TeV$. One of the two scattered protons is measured in the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer (CT-PPS), which operated for the first time in 2016. The second proton either remains intact or is excited and then dissociates into a low-mass state $p^*$, which is undetected. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of $9.4 fb^{−1}$ collected during standard, high-luminosity LHC operation. A total of $12 μ^+μ^−$ and $8 e^+e^−$ pairs with $m(ℓ^+ℓ^−)$ > 110 GeV, and matching forward proton kinematics, are observed, with expected backgrounds of 1.49 ± 0.07 (stat) ± 0.53 (syst) and 2.36 ± 0.09 (stat) ± 0.47 (syst), respectively. This corresponds to an excess of more than five standard deviations over the expected background. The present result constitutes the first observation of proton-tagged γγ collisions at the electroweak scale. This measurement also demonstrates that CT-PPS performs according to the design specifications.

## Statistics

### Citations

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text:
# Atoms, isotopes and ions - AQA test questions - AQA

### 1

What is the relative mass of the proton?

### 2

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

### 3

Uranium-235 has 92 protons. How many neutrons does it have?

### 4

What is an isotope?

### 5

Nitrogen-14 has 7 protons. How many neutrons does it have?

### 6

The mass number of an element is …

### 7

The atomic number of an element is …

### 8

What has an ionised atom lost or gained?

### 9

What has changed in the structure of the Cu2+ ion?

### 10

Why is deuterium $$_{1}^{2}\textrm{H}$$ sometimes called heavy hydrogen?


text:
# Large deviations for many Brownian bridges with symmetrised initial-terminal condition

Research paper by Stefan Adams, Wolfgang König

Indexed on: 06 Sep '07Published on: 06 Sep '07Published in: Probability Theory and Related Fields

#### Abstract

Consider a large system of N Brownian motions in $${\mathbb{R}}^d$$ with some non-degenerate initial measure on some fixed time interval [0,β] with symmetrised initial-terminal condition. That is, for any i, the terminal location of the i-th motion is affixed to the initial point of the σ(i)-th motion, where σ is a uniformly distributed random permutation of 1,...,N. Such systems play an important role in quantum physics in the description of Boson systems at positive temperature 1/β. In this paper, we describe the large-N behaviour of the empirical path measure (the mean of the Dirac measures in the N paths) and of the mean of the normalised occupation measures of the N motions in terms of large deviations principles. The rate functions are given as variational formulas involving certain entropies and Fenchel–Legendre transforms. Consequences are drawn for asymptotic independence statements and laws of large numbers. In the special case related to quantum physics, our rate function for the occupation measures turns out to be equal to the well-known Donsker–Varadhan rate function for the occupation measures of one motion in the limit of diverging time. This enables us to prove a simple formula for the large-N asymptotic of the symmetrised trace of $${\rm e}^{-\beta {\mathcal{H}}_N}$$ , where $${\mathcal{H}}_N$$ is an N-particle Hamilton operator in a trap.