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 References of "Scientific journals"      in Complete repository Arts & humanities   Archaeology   Art & art history   Classical & oriental studies   History   Languages & linguistics   Literature   Performing arts   Philosophy & ethics   Religion & theology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences   Accounting & auditing   Production, distribution & supply chain management   Finance   General management & organizational theory   Human resources management   Management information systems   Marketing   Strategy & innovation   Quantitative methods in economics & management   General economics & history of economic thought   International economics   Macroeconomics & monetary economics   Microeconomics   Economic systems & public economics   Social economics   Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation…)   Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology   Aerospace & aeronautics engineering   Architecture   Chemical engineering   Civil engineering   Computer science   Electrical & electronics engineering   Energy   Geological, petroleum & mining engineering   Materials science & engineering   Mechanical engineering   Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences   Alternative medicine   Anesthesia & intensive care   Cardiovascular & respiratory systems   Dentistry & oral medicine   Dermatology   Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition   Forensic medicine   Gastroenterology & hepatology   General & internal medicine   Geriatrics   Hematology   Immunology & infectious disease   Laboratory medicine & medical technology   Neurology   Oncology   Ophthalmology   Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine   Otolaryngology   Pediatrics   Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology   Psychiatry   Public health, health care sciences & services   Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging   Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)   Rheumatology   Surgery   Urology & nephrology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science   Civil law   Criminal law & procedure   Criminology   Economic & commercial law   European & international law   Judicial law   Metalaw, Roman law, history of law & comparative law   Political science, public administration & international relations   Public law   Social law   Tax law   Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences   Agriculture & agronomy   Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology   Animal production & animal husbandry   Aquatic sciences & oceanology   Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology   Biotechnology   Entomology & pest control   Environmental sciences & ecology   Food science   Genetics & genetic processes   Microbiology   Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)   Veterinary medicine & animal health   Zoology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences   Chemistry   Earth sciences & physical geography   Mathematics   Physics   Space science, astronomy & astrophysics   Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology   Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology   Anthropology   Communication & mass media   Education & instruction   Human geography & demography   Library & information sciences   Neurosciences & behavior   Regional & inter-regional studies   Social work & social policy   Sociology & social sciences   Social, industrial & organizational psychology   Theoretical & cognitive psychology   Treatment & clinical psychology   Multidisciplinary, general & others     Showing results 601 to 700 of 50580     2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12     Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone – Part 3: Analysis and interpretation of trendsHarris, N. R. P.; Hassler, B.; Tummon, F. et alin Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions (2015), 15(6), 8565--8608Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported and compared for a number of new and recently revised datasets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere (as measured by ... [more ▼]Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported and compared for a number of new and recently revised datasets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere (as measured by Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine – EESC) maximised in the second half of the 1990s. We therefore examine the trends in the periods before and after that peak to see if any change in trend is discernible in the ozone record. Prior to 1998, trends in the upper stratosphere (~ 45 km, 4 hPa) are found to be −5 to −10% per decade at mid-latitudes and closer to −5% per decade in the tropics. No trends are found in the mid-stratosphere (28 km, 30 hPa). Negative trends are seen in the lower stratosphere at mid-latitudes in both hemispheres and in the deep tropics. However it is hard to be categorical about the trends in the lower stratosphere for three reasons: (i) there are fewer measurements, (ii) the data quality is poorer, and (iii) the measurements in the 1990s are perturbed by aerosols from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991. These findings are similar to those reported previously even though the measurements for the two main satellite instruments (SBUV and SAGE II) and the ground-based Umkehr and ozonesonde stations have been revised. There is no sign of a continued negative trend in the upper stratosphere since 1998: instead there is a hint of an average positive trend of ~ 2% per decade in mid-latitudes and ~ 3% per decade in the tropics. The significance of these upward trends is investigated using different assumptions of the independence of the trend estimates found from different datasets. The averaged upward trends are significant if the trends derived from various datasets are assumed to be independent, but are generally not significant if the trends are not independent. This arises because many of the underlying measurement records are used in more than one merged dataset. At this point it is not possible to say which assumption is best. Including an estimate of the drift of the overall ozone observing system decreases the significance of the trends. The significance will become clearer as (i) more years are added to the observational record, (ii) further improvements are made to the historic ozone record (e.g. through algorithm development), and (iii) the data merging techniques are refined, particularly through a more rigorous treatment of uncertainties. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 34 (1 ULg) Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climateCornford, S.L.; Martin, D.F.; Payne, A.J. et alin Cryosphere Discussions (The) (2015), 9We use the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice sheet model to carry out one, two, and three century simulations of the fast-flowing ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Each of the simulations begins with ... [more ▼]We use the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice sheet model to carry out one, two, and three century simulations of the fast-flowing ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Each of the simulations begins with a geometry and velocity close to present day observations, and evolves according to variation in meteoric ice accumulation, ice shelf melting, and mesh resolution. Future changes in accumulation and melt rates range from no change, through anomalies computed by atmosphere and ocean models driven by the E1 and A1B emissions scenarios, to spatially uniform melt rates anomalies that remove most of the ice shelves over a few centuries. We find that variation in the resulting ice dynamics is dominated by the choice of initial conditions, ice shelf melt rate and mesh resolution, although ice accumulation affects the net change in volume above flotation to a similar degree. Given sufficient melt rates, we compute grounding line retreat over hundreds of kilometers in every major ice stream, but the ocean models do not predict such melt rates outside of the Amundsen Sea Embayment until after 2100. Sensitivity to mesh resolution is spurious, and we find that sub-kilometer resolution is needed along most regions of the grounding line to avoid systematic under-estimates of the retreat rate, although resolution requirements are more stringent in some regions – for example the Amundsen Sea Embayment – than others – such as the Möller and Institute ice streams. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (2 ULg) Siltation and Pollution of Rivers in the Western Highlands of Cameroon: a Consequence of Farmland Erosion and RunoffDjoukeng, Henri Grisseur ; Tankou, Christopher Mubeteneh; Degré, Aurore in International Journal of Agricultural Research and Reviews (2015), 3(3), 206-212In the Western Highlands agro-ecological zone of Cameroon, rivers are constantly silted and polluted with eroded sediment and waste from cultivated land. This study characterizes and quantifies the amount ... [more ▼]In the Western Highlands agro-ecological zone of Cameroon, rivers are constantly silted and polluted with eroded sediment and waste from cultivated land. This study characterizes and quantifies the amount of material coming from plots cultivated in the Méloh Watershed. In a natural rocky-bottomed well measuring 0.90 m deep, 3 m long, and 2.5 m wide, for a period of three years we performed the collection, differentiation, and measurement of trapped sediment in the cultivated part of river that runs through the watershed. Both cultivated sides of the watershed had fairly regular slopes of 14% on one side and 17% on the other side. The material retrieved consisted of soil, plant residues, chemical packages, and plastic casing used for irrigation. During the years 2012 and 2013, farmers practiced both flatbed cultivation and ridging along the steepest slopes. These two methods of land preparation are inefficient in terms of water conservation, as evidenced by the collection of 10.429 t.ha-1 average total sediment per year during this period. Tied ridging cultivation method was experimented during the 2013 crop year and adopted on 75% of plots in 2014. We subsequently collected 3.586 t.ha-1 total sediment, a decrease of 65.61% compared to the average of previous years. The tied ridging cultivation method significantly reduced siltation of the Méloh River (p<0.05). This study showed that traditional agricultural practices are a principal cause of siltation and pollution of the Méloh River. By extrapolation, we can state that the problem must occur in almost all rivers in the study area with similar topography and agricultural practices [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 36 (15 ULg) Greenland high-elevation mass balance: inference and implication of reference period (1961–90) imbalanceColgan, W.; Box, J.; Andersen, M. et alin Annals of Glaciology (2015), 56(70), 105117We revisit the input–output mass budget of the high-elevation region of the Greenland ice sheet evaluated by the Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA). Our revised reference period ... [more ▼]We revisit the input–output mass budget of the high-elevation region of the Greenland ice sheet evaluated by the Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA). Our revised reference period (1961–90) mass balance of 54 48 Gt a–1 is substantially greater than the 0 21 Gt a–1 assessed by PARCA, but consistent with a recent, fully independent, input–output estimate of high-elevation mass balance (41 61 Gt a–1). Together these estimates infer a reference period high-elevation specific mass balance of 4.8 5.4 cm w.e. a–1. The probability density function (PDF) associated with this combined input–output estimate infers an 81% likelihood of high-elevation specific mass balance being positive (>0 cm w.e. a–1) during the reference period, and a 70% likelihood that specific balance was >2 cm w.e. a–1. Given that reference period accumulation is characteristic of centurial and millennial means, and that in situ mass-balance observations exhibit a dependence on surface slope rather than surface mass balance, we suggest that millennial-scale ice dynamics are the primary driver of subtle reference period high-elevation mass gain. Failure to acknowledge subtle reference period dynamic mass gain can result in underestimating recent dynamic mass loss by 17%, and recent total Greenland mass loss by 7%. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 63 (0 ULg) Optimization of a PGSS (particles from gas saturated solutions) process for a fenofibrate lipid-based solid dispersion formulationPestieau, Aude ; Krier, Fabrice ; Lebrun, Pierre et alin International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2015), 485The aim of this study was to develop a formulation containing fenofibrate and Gelucire® 50/13 (Gattefossé, France) in order to improve the oral bioavailability of the drug. Particles from Gas Saturated ... [more ▼]The aim of this study was to develop a formulation containing fenofibrate and Gelucire® 50/13 (Gattefossé, France) in order to improve the oral bioavailability of the drug. Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions (PGSS) process was chosen for investigation as a manufacturing process for producing a solid dispersion. The PGSS process was optimized according to the in vitro drug dissolution profile obtained using a biphasic dissolution test. Using a design of experiments approach, the effects of nine experimental parameters were investigated using a PGSS apparatus provided by Separex® (Champigneulles, France). Within the chosen experimental conditions, the screening results showed that the drug loading level, the autoclave temperature and pressure, the connection temperature and the nozzle diameter had a significant influence on the dissolution profile of fenofibrate. During the optimization step, the three most relevant parameters were optimized using a central composite design, while other factors remained fixed. In this way, we were able to identify the optimal production conditions that would deliver the highest level of fenofibrate in the organic phase at the end of the dissolution test. The closeness between the measured and the predicted optimal dissolution profiles in the organic phase demonstrated the validity of the statistical analyses. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (2 ULg) Microwave-stimulated superconductivity due to presence of vorticesLara, Antonio; Aliev, Farkhad; Silhanek, Alejandro et alin Scientific Reports (2015), 5The response of superconducting devices to electromagnetic radiation is a core concept implemented in diverse applications, ranging from the currently used voltage standard to single photon detectors in ... [more ▼]The response of superconducting devices to electromagnetic radiation is a core concept implemented in diverse applications, ranging from the currently used voltage standard to single photon detectors in astronomy. Suprisingly, a sufficiently high power subgap radiation may stimulate superconductivity itself. The possibility of stimulating type II superconductors, in which the radiation may interact also with vortex cores, remains however unclear. Here we report on superconductivity enhanced by GHz radiation in type II superconducting Pb films in the presence of vortices. The stimulation effect is more clearly observed in the upper critical field and less pronounced in the critical temperature. The magnetic field dependence of the vortex related microwave losses in a film with periodic pinning reveals a reduced dissipation of mobile vortices in the stimulated regime due to a reduction of the core size. Results of numerical simulations support the validy of this conclusion. Our findings may have intriguing connections with holographic superconductors in which the possibility of stimulation is under current debate. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (3 ULg) Associations of Wheat with Pea Can Reduce Aphid InfestationsChevalier Mendes Lopes, Thomas ; Bodson, Bernard ; Francis, Frédéric in Neotropical Entomology (2015)Increasing plant diversity within crops can be beneficial for pest control. In this field study, the effects of two wheat and pea associations (mixed cropping and strip cropping) on aphid populations were ... [more ▼]Increasing plant diversity within crops can be beneficial for pest control. In this field study, the effects of two wheat and pea associations (mixed cropping and strip cropping) on aphid populations were compared with pure stands of both crops by observations on tillers and plants. Pea was more susceptible to infestations than wheat. As expected, the density of aphid colonies was significantly higher in pure stands during the main occurrence periods, compared with associations. Additionally, flying beneficials, such as not only aphidophagous adult ladybirds but also parasitoid, hoverfly and lacewing species that feed on aphids at the larval stage, were monitored using yellow pan traps. At specific times of the sampling season, ladybirds and hoverflies were significantly more abundant in the pure stand of pea and wheat, respectively, compared with associations. Few parasitoids and lacewings were trapped. This study showed that increasing plant diversity within crops by associating cultivated species can reduce aphid infestations, since host plants are more difficult to locate. However, additional methods are needed to attract more efficiently adult beneficials into wheat and pea associations. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (6 ULg) Trends of ozone total columns and vertical distribution from FTIR observations at eight NDACC stations around the globeVigouroux, C; Blumenstock, T; Coffey, M et alin Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2015), 15Ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of solar absorption spectra can provide ozone total columns with a precision of 2 % but also independent partial column amounts in about four ... [more ▼]Ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of solar absorption spectra can provide ozone total columns with a precision of 2 % but also independent partial column amounts in about four vertical layers, one in the troposphere and three in the stratosphere up to about 45 km, with a precision of 5–6 %. We use eight of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) stations having a long-term time series of FTIR ozone measurements to study the total and vertical ozone trends and variability, namely, Ny-Ålesund (79ºN), Thule (77ºN), Kiruna (68ºN), Harestua (60ºN), Jungfraujoch (47ºN), Izaña (28ºN), Wollongong (34ºS) and Lauder (45ºS). The length of the FTIR time series varies by station but is typically from about 1995 to present. We applied to the monthly means of the ozone total and four partial columns a stepwise multiple regression model including the following proxies: solar cycle, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Arctic and Antarctic Oscillation (AO/AAO), tropopause pressure (TP), equivalent latitude (EL), Eliassen–Palm flux (EPF), and volume of polar stratospheric clouds (VPSC). At the Arctic stations, the trends are found mostly negative in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, very mixed in the middle stratosphere, positive in the upper stratosphere due to a large increase in the 1995–2003 period, and non-significant when considering the total columns. The trends for mid-latitude and subtropical stations are all non-significant, except at Lauder in the troposphere and upper stratosphere and at Wollongong for the total columns and the lower and middle stratospheric columns where they are found positive. At Jungfraujoch, the upper stratospheric trend is close to significance (+0.9 ± 1.0 %/decade). Therefore, some signs of the onset of ozone mid-latitude recovery are observed only in the Southern Hemisphere, while a few more years seem to be needed to observe it at the northern mid-latitude station. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (4 ULg) Loss of Snail2 favors skin tumor progression by promoting the recruitment of myeloid progenitorsVillarejo, Ana; Molina Ortiz, Patricia ; Montenegro, Yenny et alin Carcinogenesis (2015), 36(5), 585-597Snail2 is a zinc finger transcription factor involved in driving epithelial to mesenchymal transitions. Snail2 null mice are viable, but display defects in melanogenesis, gametogenesis and hematopoiesis ... [more ▼]Snail2 is a zinc finger transcription factor involved in driving epithelial to mesenchymal transitions. Snail2 null mice are viable, but display defects in melanogenesis, gametogenesis and hematopoiesis, and are markedly radiosensitive. Here, using mouse genetics, we have studied the contributions of Snail2 to epidermal homeostasis and skin carcinogenesis. Snail2 −/− mice presented a defective epidermal terminal differentiation and, unexpectedly, an increase in number, size and malignancy of tumor lesions when subjected to the two-stage mouse skin chemical carcinogenesis protocol, compared with controls. Additionally, tumor lesions from Snail2 −/− mice presented a high inflammatory component with an elevated percentage of myeloid precursors in tumor lesions that was further increased in the presence of the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone. In vitro studies in Snail2 null keratinocytes showed that loss of Snail2 leads to a decrease in proliferation indicating a non-cell autonomous role for Snail2 in the skin carcinogenic response observed in vivo. Bone marrow (BM) cross-reconstitution assays between Snail2 wild-type and null mice showed that Snail2 absence in the hematopoietic system fully reproduces the tumor behavior of the Snail2 null mice and triggers the accumulation of myeloid precursors in the BM, blood and tumor lesions. These results indicate a new role for Snail2 in preventing myeloid precursors recruitment impairing skin chemical carcinogenesis progression. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULg) Efficacy of a web-based, center-based or combined physical activity intervention among older adultsMouton, Alexandre ; Cloes, Marc in Health Education Research (2015)With more social support and environment-centered interventions being recommended in web-based interventions, this study examined the efficacy of three intervention conditions aimed at promoting physical ... [more ▼]With more social support and environment-centered interventions being recommended in web-based interventions, this study examined the efficacy of three intervention conditions aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) in older adults. The efficacy analyses included the self-reported PA level, stage of change for PA and awareness about PA among participants. Eligible participants (N = 149; M = 65 years old, SD = 6), recruited in a unique Belgian French-speaking municipality, were randomized in four research arms for a 3-month intervention: (i) web-based; (ii) center-based; (iii) mixed (combination of web- and center-based); and (iv) control (no intervention). Web-based condition included a PA website and monthly tailored emails whereas center-based condition comprised 12 sessions (1 per week) of group exercising. With a significant increase in PA, the PA stage of change and the PA awareness at 12 months, the mixed intervention condition seemed to include the key social and motivating elements for sustainable behavior change. Center-based intervention was more likely to produce significant improvements of the PA level and the stage of change for PA change whereas web-based intervention was more likely to extend the awareness about PA. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (3 ULg) Bioassessment of trace element contamination of Mediterranean coastal waters using the seagrass Posidonia oceanicaRichir, Jonathan ; Salivas-Decaux, Maÿlis; Lafabrie, Céline et alin Journal of Environmental Management (2015), 150A large scale survey of the trace element (TE) contamination of Mediterranean coastal waters was performed from the analysis of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb in the bioindicator Posidonia oceanica ... [more ▼]A large scale survey of the trace element (TE) contamination of Mediterranean coastal waters was performed from the analysis of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb in the bioindicator Posidonia oceanica, sampled at 110 sites differing by their levels of exposure to contaminants. The holistic approach developed in this study, based on the combined utilization of several complementary monitoring tools, i.e. water quality scale, pollution index and spatial analysis, accurately assessed the TE contamination rate of Mediterranean coastal waters. In particular, the mapping of the TE contamination according to a new proposed 5-level water quality scale precisely outlined the contamination severity along Mediterranean coasts and facilitated interregional comparisons. Finally, the reliability of the use of P. oceanica as bioindicator species was again demonstrated through several global, regional and local detailed case studies. NB: The designations employed and the presentation of the information in thisdocument do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the authors concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 104 (23 ULg) Double thermo-responsive hydrogels from poly(vinylcaprolactam) containing diblock and triblock copolymersThomassin, Jean-Michel ; Mathieu, Kevin ; Kermagoret, Anthony et alin Polymer Chemistry (2015), 6(10), 1856-1864The thermally-induced gelation and gel properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of double thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylamide)-based di- and triblock copolymers are studied by rheology. The copolymers ... [more ▼]The thermally-induced gelation and gel properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of double thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylamide)-based di- and triblock copolymers are studied by rheology. The copolymers under investigation, prepared by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization and coupling reactions, are composed of poly(vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) blocks and of a statistical poly(vinylcaprolactam-stat-vinylpyrrolidone) segment with a cloud point temperature (TCP) higher than that of PNVCL. Heating the di- and triblock solutions beyond the first phase transition temperature favors gel formation while heating above the second TCP leads to opaque gels without macroscopic demixing. Moduli of the triblock hydrogels are systematically higher than those of the corresponding diblocks, even above the second transition. Rheological data suggest distinct micellar structures for each copolymer architecture: densely packed micelles of diblocks and 3-D networks of bridged micelles for triblocks. Strain sweep experiments also emphasize the positive effect of the micelle bridging on the elasticity and stability of the hydrogels. The formation and properties of the obtained gels are also shown to depend on the copolymer concentration, block length, and composition. Addition of salt also allows us to tune the phase transition temperatures of these double thermoresponsive hydrogels. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (11 ULg) Prognostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in liver transplantation for hepatocarcinoma.Detry, Olivier ; Govaerts, Laurence; De Roover, Arnaud et alin World journal of gastroenterology : WJG (2015), 21(10), 3049-54AIM: To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment FDG positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with hepatocarcinoma treated by liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: The ... [more ▼]AIM: To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment FDG positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with hepatocarcinoma treated by liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of 27 patients (mean age 58 +/- 9 years) who underwent FDG PET-CT before LT for hepatocarcinoma. Mean follow-up was 26 +/- 18 mo. The FDG PET/CT was performed according to a standard clinical protocol: 4 MBqFDG/kg body weight, uptake 60 min, low-dose non-enhanced CT. The authors measured the SUVmax and SUVmean of the tumor and the normal liver. The tumor/liver activity ratios (RSUVmax and RSUVmean) were tested as prognostic factors and compared to the following conventional prognostic factors: MILAN, CLIP, OKUDA, TNM stage, alphafoetoprotein level, portal thrombosis, size of the largest nodule, tumor differentiation, microvascular invasion, underlying cirrhosis and liver function. RESULTS: Overall and recurrence free survivals were 80.7% and 67.4% at 3 years, and 70.6% and 67.4% at 5 years, respectively. According to a multivariate Cox model, only FDG PET/CT RSUVmax predicted recurrence free survival. Even though the MILAN criteria alone were not predictive, it is worth noting that none of the patients outside the MILAN criteria and with RSUVmax < 1.15 relapsed. CONCLUSION: FDG PET/CT with an RSUVmax cut-off value of 1.15 is a strong prognostic factor for recurrence and death in patients with HCC treated by LT in this retrospective series. Further prospective studies should test whether this metabolic index should be systematically included in the preoperative assessment. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (6 ULg) Artificial Intelligence in Video Games: Towards a Unified FrameworkSafadi, Firas ; Fonteneau, Raphaël ; Ernst, Damien in International Journal of Computer Games Technology (2015), 2015With modern video games frequently featuring sophisticated and realistic environments, the need for smart and comprehensive agents that understand the various aspects of complex environments is pressing ... [more ▼]With modern video games frequently featuring sophisticated and realistic environments, the need for smart and comprehensive agents that understand the various aspects of complex environments is pressing. Since video game AI is often specifically designed for each game, video game AI tools currently focus on allowing video game developers to quickly and efficiently create specific AI. One issue with this approach is that it does not efficiently exploit the numerous similarities that exist between video games not only of the same genre, but of different genres too, resulting in a difficulty to handle the many aspects of a complex environment independently for each video game. Inspired by the human ability to detect analogies between games and apply similar behavior on a conceptual level, this paper suggests an approach based on the use of a unified conceptual framework to enable the development of conceptual AI which relies on conceptual views and actions to define basic yet reasonable and robust behavior. The approach is illustrated using two video games, Raven and StarCraft: Brood War. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 375 (32 ULg) Mutant p53 promotes tumor cell malignancy by both positive and negative regulation of TGF-β pathwayLei Ji; Jinjin Xu; Jian Liu et alin Journal of Biological Chemistry (2015)Specific p53 mutations abrogate the tumor suppressive functions by gaining new abilities to promote tumorigenesis. Inactivation of p53 is known to distort the TGF-β signaling, which paradoxically displays ... [more ▼]Specific p53 mutations abrogate the tumor suppressive functions by gaining new abilities to promote tumorigenesis. Inactivation of p53 is known to distort the TGF-β signaling, which paradoxically displays both tumor-suppressive and pro-oncogenic function. The molecular mechanisms how mutant p53 simultaneously antagonizes tumor-suppressive and synergizes tumor-promoting function of TGF-β pathway remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that mutant p53 differentially regulates subsets of TGF-β target genes, by an enhanced binding to the MH2 domain in Smad3 upon the integration of ERK signaling, therefore disrupting the Smad3/Smad4 complex formation. Silencing Smad2, inhibition of ERK or introducing a phosphorylation defective mutation at Ser392 in p53 abrogates the R175H mutant p53 dependent regulation of these TGF- β target genes. Our study provide a mechanism to reconcile the seemingly contradictory observations that mutant p53 can both attenuate and cooperate with the TGF-β pathway to promote cancer cell malignancy in a same cell type. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 10 (2 ULg) Phase Transformations and Crack Initiation in a High-Chromium Cast Steel Under Hot Compression TestsTchuindjang, Jérôme Tchoufack ; Neira Torres, Ingrid; Fores, Paulo et alin Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (2015), 24(5), 2025-2041The mechanical behavior of the fully austenitic matrix of high-chromium cast steel (HCCS) alloy is determined by external compression stress applied at 300 and 700 C. The microstructure is roughly ... [more ▼]The mechanical behavior of the fully austenitic matrix of high-chromium cast steel (HCCS) alloy is determined by external compression stress applied at 300 and 700 C. The microstructure is roughly characterized toward both optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Dilatometry is used during heating from room temperature up to austenitization to study the solid-state phase transformations, precipitation, and dissolution reactions. Two various strengthening phenomena (precipitation hardening and stress-induced bainite transformation) and one softening mechanism (dynamic recovery) are highlighted from compression tests. The influence of the temperature and the carbide type on the mechanical behavior of the HCCS material is also enhanced. Cracks observed on grain boundary primary carbides allow establishing a rough damage model. The crack initiation within the HCCS alloy is strongly dependent on the temperature, the externally applied stress, and the matrix strength and composition. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 32 (16 ULg) KLF17 empowers TGF-β/Smad signaling by targeting Smad3-dependent pathway to suppress tumor growth and metastasis during cancer progression.Ali, Amjad ; Zhang P; Liangfang Y et alin cell death and disease (2015)Inhibition of tumor suppressive signaling is linked to cancer progression, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)/Smad signaling plays an important ... [more ▼]Inhibition of tumor suppressive signaling is linked to cancer progression, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)/Smad signaling plays an important role in tumor suppression. Kruppel-like-factor 17 (KLF17) is a negative regulator of metastasis and EMT. However, underlying mechanisms leading to tumor suppressive and anti-metastatic function of KLF17 still remains unknown. Here, we show that KLF17 plays an integral role in potentiating TGF-β/Smad signaling via Smad3-dependent pathway to suppress tumor progression. Intriguingly, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling induces KLF17 expression, generating a positive feedback loop. TGF-β/Smad3-KLF17 loop is critical for anti-metastasis and tumor inhibition in cancer cells. Mechanistically, silencing KLF17 reduced Smad3-DNA complex formation on Smad binding element (SBE) and affects the expression of TGF-β/Smad target genes. Moreover, KLF17 alters Smad3 binding pattern on chromatin. KLF17 regulates TGF-β target genes that are Smad3-dependent. Smad3 and KLF17 physically interact with each other via KLF17 responsive elements/SBE region. Intriguingly, TGF-β stimulates the recruitment of KLF17 on chromatin to subsets of metastasis-associated genes. Functionally, depletion of KLF17 enhanced tumorigenic features in cancer cells. KLF17 is critical for full cytostatic function of TGF-β/Smad signaling. Clinically, KLF17 expression significantly decreases during advance HCC. KLF17 shows positive correlation with Smad3 levels in cancer samples. Our data shows that enhance KLF17 activity has important therapeutic implications for targeted-therapies aimed at TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. These findings define novel mechanism by which TGF-β/Smad-KLF17 pathway mutually affect each other during cancer metastasis, provide a new model of regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling by KLF17 and defines new insights into anti-metastatic function of KLF17. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 8 (1 ULg) The Role of Government in Path- Dependent Development of SME Sector in UkraineShutyak, Yuliya; Van Caillie, Didier in Journal of East-West Business (2015), 21(1), 67-90This article studies evolution of governmental support for SME development from the times of Perestroika until 2013. Guided by institutional theory, the article revises SME development in Ukraine and ... [more ▼]This article studies evolution of governmental support for SME development from the times of Perestroika until 2013. Guided by institutional theory, the article revises SME development in Ukraine and explains government actions through the prism of path dependence. The analysis is conducted within a matrix logic resuming the data by several periods of time corresponding to changes in the Ukrainian government and being juxtaposed to the main stages of the path dependence analytical framework. The study reveals main trends in governmental support for small business and main challenges remaining nowadays. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (0 ULg) Elastic and inelastic transmission in guided atom lasers: A truncated Wigner approachDujardin, Julien ; Argüelles, Arturo; Schlagheck, Peter in Physical Review A (2015), 91We study the transport properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate formed by an ultracold gas of bosonic atoms that is coupled from a magnetic trap into a one-dimensional waveguide. Our theoretical approach ... [more ▼]We study the transport properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate formed by an ultracold gas of bosonic atoms that is coupled from a magnetic trap into a one-dimensional waveguide. Our theoretical approach to tackling this problem is based on the truncated Wigner method for which we assume the system to consist of two semi-infinite noninteracting leads and a finite interacting scattering region with two constrictions modeling an atomic quantum dot. The transmission is computed in the steady-state regime and we find a good agreement between truncated Wigner and matrix-product state calculations. We also identify clear signatures of inelastic resonant scattering by analyzing the distribution of energy in the transmitted atomic-matter wave beam. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (3 ULg) Baryon resonances in large Nc QCDMatagne, Nicolas; Stancu, Floarea in Reviews of Modern Physics (2015), 87We review the current status and present open challenges of large $N_c$ QCD baryon spectroscopy. After introducing the $1/N_c$ expansion method we first shortly revisit the latest achievements for the ... [more ▼]We review the current status and present open challenges of large $N_c$ QCD baryon spectroscopy. After introducing the $1/N_c$ expansion method we first shortly revisit the latest achievements for the ground state properties. Next we discuss the applicability of this method to excited states, presenting two different approaches with their advantages and disadvantages. Selected results for the spectrum and strong and electromagnetic decays are described. We also present further developments for the applicability of the method to excited states, based on the qualitative compatibility between the quark excitation picture and the meson-nucleon scattering picture. We show that a quantitative comparison between results obtained from the mass formula of the $1/N_c$ expansion method and quark models brings convincing support to quark models and shortly discuss the implications of different large $N_c$ limits. We stress that the SU(6) spin-flavor structure of large $N_c$ baryon allows a convenient classification of highly excited resonances into SU(3) multiplets and predicts mass ranges for the missing partners. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg) Microbiological quality of surface water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds or cakes during the storage : case study of water reservoirs of Loumbila, Ziga and Ouaga 3 Dams in Burkina Faso.Kabore, Aminata; Savadogo, Boubacar; Otoidobiga, Harmonie C. et alin Journal of Water Resource and Protection (2015), 7Water purification with Moringa oleifera seeds has received a lot of attention because it reduces water turbidity and pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is important to define the optimum conditions ... [more ▼]Water purification with Moringa oleifera seeds has received a lot of attention because it reduces water turbidity and pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is important to define the optimum conditions of storage to preserve the treated water quality. The study aims to investigate microbial quality of water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds or cake coagulants inrelation to the storage temperature and shelf life in order to define the optimum conditions of storage. A total of 45 water samples from 3 water reservoirs of Loumbila, Ziga and Ouaga 3 dams were collected in sterile glass bottles and treated in triplicate with Moringa oleifera seeds or defatted cakes coagulants. Treated water samples obtained at optimum conditions were stored at room temperature (25°C - 30°C) and at 4°C. Fecal bacteria pollution indicators (Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus) and parasites were monitored every 24 hours during three (3) days abased on laboratory standard methods. Data were analyzed using the Student's t-test and XLSTAT 7.5.2 statiscal software. From the results obtained, bacterial indicators increased significantly with storage temperature (p < 0.0001) and shelf life (p < 0.0001). However, for all water samples bacterial growth was more important in samples treated with Moringa oleifera cakes than seeds (p < 0.0001). For water samples treated with Moringa oleifera seeds and stored at room temperature, bacterial increase after 72 hours was 57 - 80, 42 - 50 and 22 - 47 CFU/100 ml for fecal coliforms, E. coli and fecal streptococcus, respectively. With Moringa oleifera cake's treatment, the increase was 63 - 104, 57 - 82 and 28 - 52 for the same indicators, respectively. Bacterial growth was also more important at room temperature than at 4°C. Thus, microbiological quality of water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds was better than cakes whatever storage temperature and shelf life. Overall, water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds should be stored at low temperature and consumed within 24 hours. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (5 ULg) Systematic classification of two-loop realizations of the Weinberg operatorAristizabal Sierra, Diego ; Hirsch, Martin; Degée, Audrey et alin Journal of High Energy Physics [=JHEP] (2015), 2015(03), We systematically analyze the d=5 Weinberg operator at 2-loop order. Using a diagrammatic approach, we identify two different interesting categories of neutrino mass models: (i) Genuine 2- loop models for ... [more ▼]We systematically analyze the d=5 Weinberg operator at 2-loop order. Using a diagrammatic approach, we identify two different interesting categories of neutrino mass models: (i) Genuine 2- loop models for which both, tree-level and 1-loop contributions, are guaranteed to be absent. And (ii) finite 2-loop diagrams, which correspond to the 1-loop generation of some particular vertex appearing in a given 1-loop neutrino mass model, thus being effectively 2-loop. From the large list of all possible 2-loop diagrams, the vast majority are infinite corrections to lower order neutrino mass models and only a moderately small number of diagrams fall into these two interesting classes. Moreover, all diagrams in class (i) are just variations of three basic diagrams, with examples discussed in the literature before. Similarly, we also show that class (ii) diagrams consists of only variations of these three plus two more basic diagrams. Finally, we show how our results can be consistently and readily used in order to construct two-loop neutrino mass models. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (1 ULg) Pre-employement examination for low back risk in workers exposesd to manual handling of loads : French guidelinesPETIT, Audrey; ROUSSEAU, Sandrine; HUEZ, Jean-François et alin International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 22 (1 ULg) How do harpacticoid copepods colonize detrital seagrass leaves?Mascart, Thibaud ; Agusto, Laura; Lepoint, Gilles et alin Marine Biology (2015), 162(5), 929-943An experiment was carried out investigating the colonization ability and specific pattern of copepods towards a provisional benthic habitat. Since copepods are known to disperse passively and actively ... [more ▼]An experiment was carried out investigating the colonization ability and specific pattern of copepods towards a provisional benthic habitat. Since copepods are known to disperse passively and actively, the experiment aimed to investigate the pool of colonizers of macrophytodetritus and the species-specific active colonization pathways. The experiment was performed in a Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica meadow on defaunated macrophytodetritus accumulations (mainly dead seagrass leaves) for two time intervals (24 h and 96 h). Active colonization by copepods, independently of their adjacent potential source pool habitat (bare sandy sediments, P. oceanica canopy, water column and macrophytodetritus) occurred within 24 h. Natural densities (as in the control treatments) were only reached by active colonization through the water column. Both neither diversities nor species composition of natural macrophytodetritus were ever reached by one single migratory pathway, therefore only a combination of interstitial migration and water column migration can explain the species occurrence under natural condition. Moreover, every potential adjacent source pool habitat, contributed species to the newly colonized macrophytodetritus. However, the main colonizers were mostly species with good swimming capabilities. The diverse pool of species present in the newly colonized macrophytodetritus underlines the complex communities and dispersion capabilities of copepods. Hence, macrophytodetritus possesses the potential ability to be a colonizer source pool for every adjacent habitat and thus behaves as a copepod hub for the entire seagrass ecosystem. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 25 (3 ULg) Influence of the textural parameters of resorcinol–formaldehyde dry polymers and carbon xerogels on particle sizes upon mechanical millingPiedboeuf, Marie-Laure ; Léonard, Alexandre ; Traina, Karl et alin Colloids and Surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2015), 471Porous carbons find various applications in catalysis, electrochemical storage or sorption. Prior to use, their particle sizes need however to be controlled according to the targeted application. In this ... [more ▼]Porous carbons find various applications in catalysis, electrochemical storage or sorption. Prior to use, their particle sizes need however to be controlled according to the targeted application. In this study, the grinding behavior of materials prepared from aqueous resorcinol–formaldehyde mixtures and displaying different pore textures was studied in detail. Both dry polymer gels and pyrolyzed carbon xerogels were compared in terms of particle size distributions after planetary ball-milling. The results show that the pore texture and the qualitative hardness of the materials have a strong influence on the grinding behavior, especially if carbon xerogels pyrolyzed before grinding are considered. On the other hand, it appears that the milling of polymer gels, followed by a pyrolysis step, is the most efficient way to obtain homogeneous particle size distributions, for all of the investigated mesopore textures. In this case, carbon particles displaying a narrow grain size distribution centered on a mode value near 10 μm are successfully obtained after similar grinding durations, with retention of the mesopore texture of the starting materials. This work also demonstrates the possibility of using mercury intrusion porosimetry as an interesting tool to assess simultaneously the mesopore dimensions and the particle sizes of porous powders. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (1 ULg) Les droits fondamentaux, une substance malléable pour le juge? Propos sur la "dématérialisation" des droits fondamentauxRosoux, Géraldine in Justice-en-ligne (2015)Ce texte contient un résumé de la thèse de doctorat de l'auteur; il est disponible en ligne: http://www.justice-enligne.be/article706.html.Detailed reference viewed: 24 (4 ULg) Assessing the operation rules of a reservoir system based on a detailed modelling chainBruwier, Martin ; Erpicum, Sébastien ; Pirotton, Michel et alin Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences (2015), 15The current operation rules of two muti-purpose reservoirs are analysed based on an integrated model including a hydrological model, a hydraulic model, a model of the reservoir system and a flood damage ... [more ▼]The current operation rules of two muti-purpose reservoirs are analysed based on an integrated model including a hydrological model, a hydraulic model, a model of the reservoir system and a flood damage model. Five performance indicators have been defined, reflecting the ability to provide drinking water, to control floods, to produce hydropower and to reduce low-flow conditions. Then, impacts of two climate change scenarios are assessed and enhanced operation rules are proposed for mitigation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (23 ULg) Rotation, spectral variability, magnetic geometry and magnetosphere of the Of?p star CPD -28° 2561Wade, G. A.; Barbá, R. H.; Grunhut, J. et alin Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2015), 447We report magnetic and spectroscopic observations and modelling of the Of?p star CPD -28° 2561. Using more than 75 new spectra, we have measured the equivalent width variations and examined the dynamic ... [more ▼]We report magnetic and spectroscopic observations and modelling of the Of?p star CPD -28° 2561. Using more than 75 new spectra, we have measured the equivalent width variations and examined the dynamic spectra of photospheric and wind-sensitive spectral lines. A period search results in an unambiguous 73.41 d variability period. High-resolution spectropolarimetric data analysed using least-squares deconvolution yield a Zeeman signature detected in the mean Stokes V profile corresponding to phase 0.5 of the spectral ephemeris. Interpreting the 73.41 d period as the stellar rotational period, we have phased the equivalent widths and inferred longitudinal field measurements. The phased magnetic data exhibit a weak sinusoidal variation, with maximum of about 565 G at phase 0.5, and a minimum of about -335 G at phase 0.0, with extrema approximately in phase with the (double-wave) Hα equivalent width variation. Modelling of the Hα equivalent width variation assuming a quasi-3D magnetospheric model produces a unique solution for the ambiguous couplet of inclination and magnetic obliquity angles: (i, β) or (β, i) = (35°, 90°). Adopting either geometry, the longitudinal field variation yields a dipole polar intensity B[SUB]d[/SUB] = 2.6 ± 0.9 kG, consistent with that obtained from direct modelling of the Stokes V profiles. We derive a wind magnetic confinement parameter η[SUB]*[/SUB] ≃ 100, leading to an Alfvén radius R[SUB]A[/SUB] ≃ 3-5R[SUB]*[/SUB], and a Kepler radius R[SUB]K[/SUB] ≃ 20R[SUB]*[/SUB]. This supports a physical scenario in which the Hα emission and other line variability have their origin in an oblique, corotating `dynamical magnetosphere' structure resulting from a magnetically channelled wind. Nevertheless, the details of the formation of spectral lines and their variability within this framework remain generally poorly understood. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 7 (0 ULg) WISE J072003.20-084651.2: an Old and Active M9.5 + T5 Spectral Binary 6 pc from the SunBurgasser, Adam J.; Gillon, Michaël ; Melis, Carl et alin Astronomical Journal (The) (2015), 149We report observations of the recently discovered, nearby late-M dwarf WISE J072003.20-084651.2. New astrometric measurements obtained with the TRAPPIST telescope improve the distance measurement to 6.0 ± ... [more ▼]We report observations of the recently discovered, nearby late-M dwarf WISE J072003.20-084651.2. New astrometric measurements obtained with the TRAPPIST telescope improve the distance measurement to 6.0 ± 1.0 pc and confirm the low tangential velocity (3.5 ± 0.6 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP]) reported by Scholz. Low-resolution optical spectroscopy indicates a spectral type of M9.5 and prominent Hα emission (< {{log }[SUB]10[/SUB]}{{L}[SUB]Hα [/SUB]}/{{L}[SUB]bol[/SUB]}> = -4.68 ± 0.06), but no evidence of subsolar metallicity or Li i absorption. Near-infrared spectroscopy reveals subtle peculiarities that can be explained by the presence of a T5 binary companion, and high-resolution laser guide star adaptive optics imaging reveals a faint (ΔH = 4.1) candidate source 0\buildrel{\prime\prime}\over{.} 14 (0.8 AU) from the primary. With high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, we measure a stable radial velocity of +83.8 ± 0.3 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP], indicative of old disk kinematics and consistent with the angular separation of the possible companion. We measure a projected rotational velocity of v sin i = 8.0 ± 0.5 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP] and find evidence of low-level variabilty (˜1.5%) in a 13 day TRAPPIST light curve, but cannot robustly constrain the rotational period. We also observe episodic changes in brightness (1%-2%) and occasional flare bursts (4%-8%) with a 0.8% duty cycle, and order-of-magnitude variations in Hα line strength. Combined, these observations reveal WISE J0720-0846 to be an old, very low-mass binary whose components straddle the hydrogen burning minimum mass, and whose primary is a relatively rapid rotator and magnetically active. It is one of only two known binaries among late M dwarfs within 10 pc of the Sun, both of which harbor a mid T-type brown dwarf companion. We show that while this specific configuration is rare (≲1.6% probability), roughly 25% of binary companions to late-type M dwarfs in the local population are likely low-temperature T or Y brown dwarfs. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (5 ULg) The small binary asteroid (939) IsbergaCarry, B.; Matter, A.; Scheirich, P. et alin Icarus (2015), 248In understanding the composition and internal structure of asteroids, their density is perhaps the most diagnostic quantity. We aim here at characterizing the surface composition, mutual orbit, size, mass ... [more ▼]In understanding the composition and internal structure of asteroids, their density is perhaps the most diagnostic quantity. We aim here at characterizing the surface composition, mutual orbit, size, mass, and density of the small main-belt binary asteroid (939) Isberga. For that, we conduct a suite of multi-technique observations, including optical lightcurves over many epochs, near-infrared spectroscopy, and interferometry in the thermal infrared. We develop a simple geometric model of binary systems to analyze the interferometric data in combination with the results of the lightcurve modeling. From spectroscopy, we classify Ibserga as a Sq-type asteroid, consistent with the albedo of 0.14-0.06+0.09 (all uncertainties are reported as 3-σ range) we determine (average albedo of S-types is 0.197 ± 0.153, see Pravec et al. (Pravec et al. [2012]. Icarus 221, 365-387). Lightcurve analysis reveals that the mutual orbit has a period of 26.6304 ± 0.0001 h, is close to circular (eccentricity lower than 0.1), and has pole coordinates within 7° of (225°, +86°) in Ecliptic J2000, implying a low obliquity of 1.5-1.5+6.0 deg . The combined analysis of lightcurves and interferometric data allows us to determine the dimension of the system and we find volume-equivalent diameters of 12.4-1.2+2.5 km and 3.6-0.3+0.7 km for Isberga and its satellite, circling each other on a 33 km wide orbit. Their density is assumed equal and found to be 2.91-2.01+1.72 gcm-3 , lower than that of the associated ordinary chondrite meteorites, suggesting the presence of some macroporosity, but typical of S-types of the same size range (Carry [2012]. Planet. Space Sci. 73, 98-118). The present study is the first direct measurement of the size of a small main-belt binary. Although the interferometric observations of Isberga are at the edge of MIDI capabilities, the method described here is applicable to others suites of instruments (e.g., LBT, ALMA). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (2 ULg) Search for magnetic fields in particle-accelerating colliding-wind binariesNeiner, C.; Grunhut, J.; Leroy, B. et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2015), 575Some colliding-wind massive binaries, called particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries (PACWB), exhibit synchrotron radio emission, which is assumed to be generated by a stellar magnetic field ... [more ▼]Some colliding-wind massive binaries, called particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries (PACWB), exhibit synchrotron radio emission, which is assumed to be generated by a stellar magnetic field. However, no measurement of magnetic fields in these stars has ever been performed. We aim at quantifying the possible stellar magnetic fields present in PACWB to provide constraints for models. We gathered 21 high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of 9 PACWB available in the ESPaDOnS, Narval and HarpsPol archives. We analysed these observations with the least squares deconvolution method. We separated the binary spectral components when possible. No magnetic signature is detected in any of the 9 PACWB stars and all longitudinal field measurements are compatible with 0 G. We derived the upper field strength of a possible field that could have remained hidden in the noise of the data. While the data are not very constraining for some stars, for several stars we could derive an upper limit of the polar field strength of the order of 200 G. We can therefore exclude the presence of strong or moderate stellar magnetic fields in PACWB, typical of the ones present in magnetic massive stars. Weak magnetic fields could however be present in these objects. These observational results provide the first quantitative constraints for future models of PACWB. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (1 ULg) How well can cold dark matter substructures account for the observed radio flux-ratio anomaliesXu, Dandan; Sluse, Dominique ; Gao, Liang et alin Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2015), 447Discrepancies between the observed and model-predicted radio flux ratios are seen in a number of quadruply-lensed quasars. The most favoured interpretation of these anomalies is that cold dark matter (CDM ... [more ▼]Discrepancies between the observed and model-predicted radio flux ratios are seen in a number of quadruply-lensed quasars. The most favoured interpretation of these anomalies is that cold dark matter (CDM) substructures present in lensing galaxies perturb the lens potentials and alter image magnifications and thus flux ratios. So far no consensus has emerged regarding whether or not the predicted CDM substructure abundance fully accounts for the lensing flux anomaly observations. Accurate modelling relies on a realistic lens sample in terms of both the lens environment and internal structures and substructures. In this paper, we construct samples of generalized and specific lens potentials, to which we add (rescaled) subhalo populations from the galaxy-scale Aquarius and the cluster-scale Phoenix simulation suites. We further investigate the lensing effects from subhaloes of masses several orders of magnitude below the simulation resolution limit. The resulting flux-ratio distributions are compared to the currently best available sample of radio lenses. The observed anomalies in B0128+437, B0712+472 and B1555+375 are more likely to be caused by propagation effects or oversimplified/improper lens modelling, signs of which are already seen in the data. Among the quadruple systems that have closely located image triplets/pairs, the anomalous flux ratios of MG0414+0534 can be reproduced by adding CDM subhaloes to its macroscopic lens potential, with a probability of 5-20 per cent; for B0712+472, B1422+231, B1555+375 and B2045+265, these probabilities are only of a few per cent. We hence find that CDM substructures are unlikely to be the whole reason for radio flux anomalies. We discuss other possible effects that might also be at work. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (3 ULg) Compte rendu de "Richard Mèmeteau, Pop culture. Réflexions sur les industries du rêve et l’invention des identités"Dozo, Björn-Olav in Lectures (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULg) Modification of standard ISHAGE methodology for CD34+ cells count on thawed Cord Blood Units: results from a multi-center Eurocord/Netcord studySaccardi, RICCARDO; Azqueta, C; Ballerini, C et alin Bone Marrow Transplantation (2015), 50Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) Spectroscopic variability of two Oe starsRauw, Grégor ; Morel, Thierry ; Nazé, Yaël et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2015), 575Context. The two Oe stars HD 45 314 and HD 60 848 have recently been found to exhibit very different X-ray properties: whilst HD 60 848 has an X-ray spectrum and the emission level typical of most OB ... [more ▼]Context. The two Oe stars HD 45 314 and HD 60 848 have recently been found to exhibit very different X-ray properties: whilst HD 60 848 has an X-ray spectrum and the emission level typical of most OB stars, HD 45 314 features a much harder and brighter X-ray emission, making it a so-called γ Cas analogue. Aims: Monitoring the optical spectra could provide hints towards the origin of these very different behaviours. Methods: We analyse a large set of spectroscopic observations of HD 45 314 and HD 60 848, extending over 20 years. We further attempt to fit the Hα line profiles of both stars with a simple model of emission line formation in a Keplerian disk. Results: Strong variations in the strengths of the Hα, Hβ, and He i λ 5876 emission lines are observed for both stars. In the case of HD 60 848, we find a time lag between the variations in the equivalent widths of these lines, which is currently not understood. The emission lines are double peaked with nearly identical strengths of the violet and red peaks. The Hα profile of this star can be successfully reproduced by our model of a disk seen under an inclination of 30°. In the case of HD 45 314, the emission lines are highly asymmetric and display strong line profile variations. We find a major change in behaviour between the 2002 outburst and the one observed in 2013. This concerns both the relationship between the equivalent widths of the various lines and their morphologies at maximum strength (double-peaked in 2002 versus single-peaked in 2013). Our simple disk model fails to reproduce the observed Hα line profiles of HD 45 314. Conclusions: Our results further support the interpretation that Oe stars do have decretion disks similar to those of Be stars. Whilst the emission lines of HD 60 848 are explained well by a disk with a Keplerian velocity field, the disk of HD 45 314 seems to have a significantly more complex velocity field that could be another signature of the phenomenon that produces its peculiar X-ray emission. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (3 ULg) Reflections about the optimisation of the treatment of tendinopathies with PRPKaux, Jean-François ; Bouvard, Marc; LECUT, Christelle et alin Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal (2015), 5(1 (eCollection 2015 Jan-Mar)), 1-4Background: platelet-rich plasma (PRP) infiltration represents a recent therapy for chronic tendinopathies. However, in the literature, this treatment remains controversial. Purpose: we suggest some ideas ... [more ▼]Background: platelet-rich plasma (PRP) infiltration represents a recent therapy for chronic tendinopathies. However, in the literature, this treatment remains controversial. Purpose: we suggest some ideas for improving this treatment. Methods: these suggestions were based on a review of published studies and our clinical experience. Conclusion: optimizing the technique for PRP collection is paramount. Different risk factors must be corrected before infiltration and chronic tendinopathies must be carefully selected. Finally, post-infiltration rehabilitation remains absolutely critical. Standardization of the use of PRP remains necessary in order to optimize the results. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 10 (4 ULg) Complexity markers in morphosyntactic productions in French-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI)Prigent, Gaïd ; Parisse, Christophe; Leclercq, Anne-Lise et alin Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics (2015)The usage-based theory considers that the morphosyntactic productions of children with SLI are particularly dependent on input frequency. When producing complex syntax, the language of these children is ... [more ▼]The usage-based theory considers that the morphosyntactic productions of children with SLI are particularly dependent on input frequency. When producing complex syntax, the language of these children is, therefore, predicted to have a lower variability and to contain fewer infrequent morphosyntactic markers than that of younger children matched on morphosyntactic abilities. Using a spontaneous language task, the current study compared the complexity of the morphological and structural productions of 20 children with SLI and 20 language-matched peers (matched on both morphosyntactic comprehension and mean length of utterance). As expected, results showed that although basic structures were produced in the same way in both groups, several complex forms (i.e. tenses such as Imperfect, Future or Conditional and Conjunctions) were less frequent in the productions of children with SLI. Finally, we attempted to highlight complex linguistic forms that could be good clinical markers for these children. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 67 (15 ULg) Veno-venous extracorporeal CO2 removal improves pulmonary hemodynamics in a porcine ARDS modelMORIMONT, Philippe ; GUIOT, Julien ; Desaive, Thomas et alin Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica (2015)BACKGROUND: Protective lung ventilation is recommended in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to minimize additional injuries to the lung. However, hypercapnic acidosis resulting from ... [more ▼]BACKGROUND: Protective lung ventilation is recommended in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to minimize additional injuries to the lung. However, hypercapnic acidosis resulting from ventilation at lower tidal volume enhances pulmonary hypertension and might induce right ventricular (RV) failure. We investigated if extracorporeal veno-venous CO2 removal therapy could have beneficial effects on pulmonary circulation and RV function. METHODS: This study was performed on an experimental model of ARDS obtained in eight anaesthetized pigs connected to a volume-cycled ventilator. A micromanometer-tipped catheter was inserted into the main pulmonary artery and an admittance micromanometer-tipped catheter was inserted into the right ventricle. RV-arterial coupling was derived from RV pressure-volume loops. ARDS was obtained by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage. Protective ventilation was then achieved, and the pigs were connected to a pump-driven extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (PALP, Maquet, Germany) in order to achieve CO2 removal. RESULTS: ARDS induced severe hypercapnic acidosis. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure significantly increased from 29.6 ± 1.8 to 43.9 ± 2.0 mmHg (P < 0.001). After the PALP was started, acidosis was corrected and normocarbia was maintained despite protective ventilation. Pulmonary artery pressure significantly decreased to 31.6 ± 3.2 mmHg (P < 0.001) and RV-arterial coupling significantly improved (RV-arterial coupling index = 1.03 ± 0.33 vs. 0.55 ± 0.41, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Veno-venous CO2 removal therapy enabled protective ventilation while maintaining normocarbia during ARDS. CO2 removal decreased pulmonary hypertension and improved RV function. This technique may be an effective lung- and RV-protective adjunct to mechanical ventilation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 20 (4 ULg) Impact de l’hygiène bucco-dentaire sur le sport. Revue de la littératureKipgen, Laurence; Kaux, Jean-François ; Rompen, Eric et alin Journal de Traumatologie du Sport (2015), 32(1), 41-45Teeth are the object of multiple attentions and care but unfortunately, it is not the same case of the periodonte, their point of anchoring and essential support. What could be more commonplace than a ... [more ▼]Teeth are the object of multiple attentions and care but unfortunately, it is not the same case of the periodonte, their point of anchoring and essential support. What could be more commonplace than a bleeding arising during the daily brushing? Being not painful, it activates very often no concern and no request of consultation. It is nevertheless about one of the most obvious clinical signs of the periodontal diseases which affect, to varying degrees, practically 90 % of the population in France in all groups of ages and is responsible of the loss from 30 to 40 % of the teeth. For several decades, the scientific world admits a relation between the periodontal disease and certain systematic diseases, as the endocarditis, the atherosclerosis, the diabetes… And what about tendinopathies? Their appearance is often spontaneous without specific medical origin and their cure turns out long and painful. This review has for objective to highlight the relations between the oral hygiene and sportsmen. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 75 (14 ULg) Rumination time, milk yield, milking frequency of grazing dairy cows milked by a mobile automatic system during mild heat stressLessire, Françoise ; Hornick, Jean-Luc ; Minet, Julien et alin Advances in Animal Biosciences (2015), 6(01), 12-14Grazing dairy cows milked by an automatic system (AS) experienced mild heat stress (HS) periods, twice during the summer. The daily temperature humidity index (THI) during these periods were higher than ... [more ▼]Grazing dairy cows milked by an automatic system (AS) experienced mild heat stress (HS) periods, twice during the summer. The daily temperature humidity index (THI) during these periods were higher than 72. Milk production, as well as milking frequency, rumination time and milk fat to protein ratio (F/P) during these periods were compared to adjacent periods with mean THI of 61. The daily milking frequency, the total number of visits to AS and the milk production were significantly higher in HS periods (2.12 vs 1.97, 2.99 vs 2.69, and 19.7 vs 18.5 kg milk per cow, respectively). There were significant interactions between times and periods for milking frequency and number of visits, while the daily rumination time was significantly lower (339 vs 419 min) and the F/P in milk tended to be decreased (1.17 vs 1.23). These results could be explained by changes in cow behaviour during HS periods. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (5 ULg) effects of cholecaciferol supplementation and optimized calcium intakes on vitamin D status, muscle strength and bone health: a one-year pilot randomized controlled trial in adults with severe burnsROUSSEAU, Anne-Françoise ; FOIDART-DESSALLE, Marguerite ; LEDOUX, Didier et alin Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries (2015), 41(2), 317-325Objective: Burn patients are at risk of hypovitaminosis D and osteopenia or sarcopenia. Vitamin D pleiotropic effects may influence bone and muscle health. The aim of this pilot study was to assess ... [more ▼]Objective: Burn patients are at risk of hypovitaminosis D and osteopenia or sarcopenia. Vitamin D pleiotropic effects may influence bone and muscle health. The aim of this pilot study was to assess effects of a cholecalciferol (VD3) supplementation and an optimized calcium (Ca) regimen on vitamin D (VD) status, bone and muscle health during sequelar stage of burn injury. Design: Monocentric randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen adults with thermal burns dating from 2 to 5 years were randomized into two groups. For 12 months, they either received a quarterly IM injection of 200,000 IU VD3 and daily oral Ca (Group D) or placebo (Group P). VD status and bone remodeling markers were assessed every 3 months. Knee muscle strength and bone mineral density were, respectively, assessed using isokinetic dynamometry and dual X-ray absorptiometry at initiation (M0) and completion (M12) of the protocol. Results: Of all the patients, 66% presented with VD deficiency and 53% (with 3 men <40 y) were considered osteopenic at inclusion. After one year, calcidiol levels significantly increased in Group D to reach 40 (37–61) ng/ml. No significant change in bone health was observed in both groups while Group D significantly improved quadriceps strength when tested at high velocity. Conclusions: This VD3 supplementation was safe and efficient to correct hypovitaminosis D in burn adults. When combined with optimized Ca intakes, it demonstrated positive effects on muscle health but not on bone health. A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and osteopenia in these patients, as well as their wide range of muscle performances, seem to be worrying when considering rehabilitation and quality of life. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (7 ULg) Les procédures concurrentes en Europe: les innovations du Règlement 1215/2012Wautelet, Patrick in Revue Droit International Privé = Tijdschrift voor Internationaal Privaatrecht (2015), 14(1), 148-163This paper attempts to shed some light on the changes brought by the recast of the Brussels I Regulation to the regime of concurrent proceedings. In a first section, attention is devoted to the fine ... [more ▼]This paper attempts to shed some light on the changes brought by the recast of the Brussels I Regulation to the regime of concurrent proceedings. In a first section, attention is devoted to the fine tuning of the rules aimed at intra-European concurrent proceedings. The second section focuses on the new provisions aimed at third State concurrent proceedings. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 35 (2 ULg) Le Spinoza « politique » d’Althusser. Matérialité de l’idéologie et transformation subjective.Mancuso, Eva in Cahiers Marxistes (2015), 242Detailed reference viewed: 21 (3 ULg) Les transformations de la géographie au cours des années 1970 : synthèse et témoignage finalMerenne-Schoumaker, Bernadette in Géographies. Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français (2015), 2015(1), 126-129Conclusions d'un colloque organisé par Christian Grataloup à l'Université de Paris 1 le 17 mai 2014 et consacré aux mutations qui ont touché la géographie française durant les années 1970. Synthèse ... [more ▼]Conclusions d'un colloque organisé par Christian Grataloup à l'Université de Paris 1 le 17 mai 2014 et consacré aux mutations qui ont touché la géographie française durant les années 1970. Synthèse présentée le jour-même avec un double objectif : dégager les idées majeures des dix communications de la journée et proposer quelques réflexions complémentaires. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 24 (2 ULg) L'accoutumance à l'eau: un préalable au savoir-nager.Mornard, Manhattan ; Delvaux, Anne ; Cloes, Marc et alin Éducation Physique et Sport (2015), (364), 16-20Synthèse de la méthodologie et des travaux scientifiques réalisés au cours de ces dernières années par le cereki dans le domaine de l'accoutumance à l'eau.Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg) Diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of chronic migraine: a proposal of the Belgian Headache Society.Paemeleire, K; Louis, P; MAGIS, Delphine et alin Acta Neurologica Belgica (2015), 35(5), 437-442This is a review of the pathophysiology of chronic migraine and of available therapies with a proposal for an algorithm of management.Detailed reference viewed: 19 (0 ULg) Assessing variability of literature based methane indicator traits in a large dairy cow populationKandel, Purna Bhadra ; Gengler, Nicolas ; Soyeurt, Hélène in Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2015), 19(1), 11-19Description du sujet. La production laitière est reconnue comme une des sources majeures d’émissions de méthane (CH4). Le recours à un programme de sélection spécifique pourrait être une bonne méthode ... [more ▼]Description du sujet. La production laitière est reconnue comme une des sources majeures d’émissions de méthane (CH4). Le recours à un programme de sélection spécifique pourrait être une bonne méthode pour optimiser les émissions de méthane par les vaches laitières. Le développement d’un tel programme nécessiterait un nombre important d’enregistrements relatifs aux émissions de méthane. Malheureusement, aucune méthode pratique et bon marché n’existe actuellement pour créer une telle base de données. Cependant, quatre indicateurs CH4 basés sur les quantités en acides gras dans la matière grasse laitière ont été recensés dans la littérature. Objectifs. L’objectif de cette étude est d’utiliser ces indicateurs de la littérature afin d’apprécier la variabilité des émissions de méthane éructées par les vaches laitières. Méthode. Ces indicateurs utilisent les quantités en acides gras obtenues par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Comme ce type de données n’est pas disponible pour toute la population laitière, un échantillon de 602 analyses chromatographiques a été créé dans cette étude afin de développer une équation de calibrage permettant de prédire les quantités de méthane émises à partir du spectre moyen infrarouge (MIR) du lait qui est disponible pour toutes les vaches étudiées. Ensuite, l’équation de calibrage ainsi obtenue a été appliquée sur 604 028 données spectrales enregistrées entre 2007 et 2011 auprès de 70 872 vaches au cours de leurs trois premières lactations afin de prédire les quantités de méthane émises. Les paramètres génétiques de ces nouveaux indicateurs méthane prédits par MIR ont également été estimés en utilisant un modèle animal de type jour de test avec régressions aléatoires. Résultats. Ces quantités prédites par MIR variaient selon une gamme attendue s’étalant entre 350 ± 40 et 449 ± 65 g par jour. L’émission prédite moyenne de CH4 en g par jour augmentait au début de la lactation, atteignait sa plus haute concentration au pic de lactation et ensuite diminuait jusqu’à la fin de la lactation. Les héritabilités journalières moyennes variaient entre 0,29-0,35 ; 0,26-0,40 et 0,22-0,37 pour les différents indicateurs méthane étudiés au cours des trois premières lactations. Les plus grandes différences entre les valeurs d’élevage estimées pour des taureaux ayant des filles en production émettant le plus et le moins de méthane étaient de 24,18 ; 29,33 et 27,77 kg par lactation pour les trois premières lactations. Des corrélations faiblement négatives ont été observées entre les indicateurs CH4 et la quantité de lait. À l’inverse, des corrélations positives ont été estimées entre ces mêmes indicateurs et les taux en matières grasses et en protéines. Conclusions. Cette étude montre la possibilité de prédire des indicateurs méthane issus de la littérature et utilisant les concentrations en acides gras dans la matière grasse laitière à partir de la spectrométrie MIR. De plus, cette étude suggère également à partir des paramètres génétiques obtenus l’existence d’une variabilité phénotypique et génétique des quantités de méthane éructées par les vaches laitières Holstein. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 146 (59 ULg) Comment je traite ... une mucoviscidoseBENDAVID, G.; VANDERHELST, E.; LOUIS, Renaud et alin Revue Médicale de Liège (2015), 70(3), 108-114Detailed reference viewed: 16 (1 ULg) A connection between the instability strips of ZZ Ceti and V777 Her white dwarfsVan Grootel, Valérie ; Fontaine, Gilles; Brassard, Pierre et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2015), 575Aims. We aim to determine the theoretical instability strips of white dwarfs with diverse H and He content in their atmospheres, from a solar composition to a H-depleted atmosphere. Pulsators with mixed H ... [more ▼]Aims. We aim to determine the theoretical instability strips of white dwarfs with diverse H and He content in their atmospheres, from a solar composition to a H-depleted atmosphere. Pulsators with mixed H-He atmospheres are indeed known to exist, and these are the white dwarfs in cataclysmic accreting systems of the GW Lib type. We thus also aim to determine the range of periods of excited pulsation modes, and to qualitatively compare these to the observed periods in GW Lib white dwarf pulsators. Methods. In the first full nonadiabatic stability analysis of pulsators of this kind, we applied a time-dependent convection treatment and an energy leakage argument to compute, for cooling models of white dwarfs with various masses and envelope compositions, the location of the blue and the red edges, as well as the properties of pulsation modes. Results. We find that our derived instability strips form a true continuum in the log g-Teff plane and that their individual location depends uniquely on the assumed atmospheric composition, from the solar composition models at low effective temperatures to the H-depleted models at much higher temperatures. Taking into account our previous results from the ZZ Ceti (pure H atmosphere) and V777 Her (pure He atmosphere) white dwarf pulsators, this implies that all of these instability domains are connected via the same fundamental driving mechanism. Applying our results to the case of white dwarf pulsators of the GW Lib type, we find that our theoretical instability strips can qualitatively account for all of the known cases. The computed range of periods of excited modes also compares qualitatively very well to the observed ones. Conclusions. The GW Lib pulsators are very similar in nature to ZZ Ceti and V777 Her white dwarfs. It is the diverse chemical compositions in their atmosphere and envelope that defines their specific pulsation properties. Beyond GW Lib pulsators, white dwarfs can sometimes exhibit mixed H-He atmospheres, such as in the recently found proto-He white dwarf pulsators. Our results open the way towards quantitative asteroseismology of these various kinds of white dwarfs. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (1 ULg) Filles et garçons : ensemble, c'est tout ?Lafontaine, Dominique in Entrées Libres (2015), (97), 2-3Detailed reference viewed: 10 (2 ULg) Agriculture et changement climatique. Vers la définition d'un nouvel objectif para-agricoleHabran, Maxime in Revue de la Faculté de Droit de l'Université de Liège (2015), 2015-/1Cette contribution illustre la façon dont le législateur européen tente d’adapter la PAC à la lutte contre le changement climatique. Dans le cadre de la nouvelle réforme mise en place en janvier 2014 et ... [more ▼]Cette contribution illustre la façon dont le législateur européen tente d’adapter la PAC à la lutte contre le changement climatique. Dans le cadre de la nouvelle réforme mise en place en janvier 2014 et reportée début 2015, l’accent est mis sur les mesures prévues pour réaliser le nouvel objectif de la politique environnementale. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (0 ULg) Crosstalk between intracellular and extracellular signals regulating interneuron production migration and integration into the cortexPeyre, Elise ; Gomes Da Silva, Carla ; Nguyen, Laurent in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (2015)During embryogenesis, cortical interneurons are generated by ventral progenitors located in the ganglionic eminences of the telencephalon. They travel along multiple tangential paths to populate the ... [more ▼]During embryogenesis, cortical interneurons are generated by ventral progenitors located in the ganglionic eminences of the telencephalon. They travel along multiple tangential paths to populate the cortical wall. As they reach this structure they undergo intracortical dispersion to settle in their final destination. At the cellular level, migrating interneurons are highly polarized cells that extend and retract processes using dynamic remodeling of microtubule and actin cytoskeleton. Different levels of molecular regulation contribute to interneuron migration. These include: 1/ Extrinsic guidance cues distributed along migratory streams that are sensed and integrated by migrating interneurons; 2/ Intrinsic genetic programs driven by specific transcription factors that grant specification and set the timing of migration for different subtypes of interneurons; 3/ Adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal elements/regulators that transduce molecular signalings into coherent movement. These levels of molecular regulation must be properly integrated by interneurons to allow their migration in the cortex. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of the interplay between microenvironmental signals and cell autonomous programs that drive cortical interneuron porduction, tangential migration, and intergration in the developing cerebral cortex. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (10 ULg) A generalized moving-boundary algorithm to predict the heat transfer rate of counterflow heat exchangers for any phase configurationBell, Ian; Quoilin, Sylvain ; Georges, Emeline et alin Applied Thermal Engineering (2015), 79In this work, a novel and robust solution approach is presented that can be used to predict the steady-state thermal heat transfer rate for counterflow heat exchangers with any combination of single-phase ... [more ▼]In this work, a novel and robust solution approach is presented that can be used to predict the steady-state thermal heat transfer rate for counterflow heat exchangers with any combination of single-phase and two-phase conditions within the heat exchanger. This methodology allows for multiple internal pinching points, as well as all permutations of subcooled liquid, two-phase and superheated vapor sections for the hot and cold fluids. A residual function based on the matching of the required and available thermal conductances in each section is derived, and Brent's method is then used to drive the residual to zero. Examples are presented for the application of this methodology to a water-heated n-Propane evaporator. The computational time required to execute the model for a simple case is on the order of one millisecond when the tabular interpolation methods of CoolProp are applied. Source code for the algorithm is provided in the Python programming language as an appendix. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 47 (4 ULg) Gestion implantaire de l’édentement unitaire dans le secteur esthétique : une approche visant à optimiser les tissus. Partie II : aspects prothétiquesMAINJOT, Amélie in Réalites Cliniques : Revue Européenne d'Odontologie (2015), 26(1), Detailed reference viewed: 19 (6 ULg) Characterization of building materials from the aqueduct of Antioch-on-the-Orontes (Turkey)Benjelloun, Yacine; de Sigoyer, Julia; Carlut, Julia et alin Comptes Rendus Geoscience (2015)The Roman aqueduct of Antioch-on-the-Orontes (Turkey), a city located near the junction between the active Dead Sea fault and the East Anatolian fault, has been damaged several times due to historical ... [more ▼]The Roman aqueduct of Antioch-on-the-Orontes (Turkey), a city located near the junction between the active Dead Sea fault and the East Anatolian fault, has been damaged several times due to historical earthquakes, as mentioned in ancient texts. The traces of repairs are studied in order to identify their potential seismic origin. The deformations of the structure were characterised thanks to a LIDAR scan. Several bricks were sampled on different parts of the city’s aqueducts, on the original structure and on repaired parts. The bricks were characterized through a petrological approach. 14C and archaeomagnetism were tested on the bricks in order to constrain the age of their production. The synthesis of all the data showed a local origin for the bricks, and led to the identification of several manufacturing techniques and several types of production, thus, confirming the potentiality of this approach to date and characterise post-seismic repairs. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (1 ULg) Chirurgie de l'atrésie anale du veauArengi, Ada; Sartelet, Arnaud in Point Vétérinaire (2015), 353Detailed reference viewed: 22 (0 ULg) Building on anticipation: dystopia as empowermentClaisse, Frédéric ; Delvenne, Pierre in Current Sociology (2015), 63(2), A dystopia can be defined as the depiction of a dark future building on the systematic amplification of current trends and features. It relates to a complex narrative posture that relies on the critical ... [more ▼]A dystopia can be defined as the depiction of a dark future building on the systematic amplification of current trends and features. It relates to a complex narrative posture that relies on the critical observation of a threatening present that would lead to an apocalyptic future “if nothing was done.” Yet, however inescapable this future may be described, the very existence of such a narrative presupposes that the political community it tries to reach is actually able to do something to thwart it. Oddly enough, a successful dystopia aims at making itself obsolete: once the world it depicts is identified as a possible (or even unavoidable) future, it seems to empower its readers again, restoring what Musil called a ‘sense of possibilities’ that eventually make alternative pathways thinkable. In our contribution, we propose to broaden the range of commonly accepted dystopists (usually fiction writers and novelists like e.g. George Orwell’s 1984) to sociologists like Ulrich Beck. Building on his Risk Society (1986), Beck’s strong diagnosis about the breakdown of First Modernity and the coming of Second Modernity contains a noticeable prophetic and evangelical overtone that aims at “reinventing politics.” We defend the notion that the dystopian posture can be used to characterize both fiction and nonfiction writers such as Orwell and Beck: a common ability, based on the same set of inextricably cognitive and normative patterns, to anticipate the future and eventually empower political communities to engage in further action. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 180 (20 ULg) Soft Power and Public Diplomacy: The Case of the European Union in Brazil/Poder blando y diplomacia pública: El caso de la Unión Europea en BrasilAzpíroz Manero, María Luisa in CPD Perspectives on Public Diplomacy (2015), Paper 2Detailed reference viewed: 21 (2 ULg) Avancement du projet de l'inventaire typologique et dendrochronologique des charpentes anciennes en région Bruxelles-CapitaleWeitz, Armelle ; Charruadas, Paulo ; Crémer, Sarah et alin Archaeologia Mediaevalis (2015), 38Detailed reference viewed: 28 (5 ULg) Stakeholder incentives and aid effectiveness: A case study in the health district of Kayes in MaliDevahive, Eva; Paul, Elisabeth ; Samaké, Salif et alin Journal of Development Studies (2015)This case study analyses how far donors implement aid effectiveness principles at health district level in Mali, and why. It shows that not all aid effectiveness principles are implemented at a similar ... [more ▼]This case study analyses how far donors implement aid effectiveness principles at health district level in Mali, and why. It shows that not all aid effectiveness principles are implemented at a similar degree. Most projects have limited impact on health services, but many programmes supported by donors offer positive opportunities for health system strengthening. The representations of different categories of stakeholders diverge – notably, regarding the role of different actors in service provision. A number of consistent strategic logics influence actors’ behaviour. We show that while many donors have committed at global level to respect aid effectiveness principles, implementation lags behind. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 51 (8 ULg) L'ordre public, la révision au fond et la légalisation: bref commentaire de la circulaire du 14 janvier 2015 relative à la légalisationWautelet, Patrick ; Verhellen, Jinskein Revue Internationale de Droit Privé = Tijdschrift voor Internationaal Privaatrecht (2015), 14(1), 142-147Le SPF Affaires Etrangères a adopté en janvier 2015 une nouvelle circulaire relative à la légalisation. Au premier regard, l'adoption de cette nouvelle circulaire permet de tenir compte de l'entrée en ... [more ▼]Le SPF Affaires Etrangères a adopté en janvier 2015 une nouvelle circulaire relative à la légalisation. Au premier regard, l'adoption de cette nouvelle circulaire permet de tenir compte de l'entrée en vigueur du Code consulaire. Le chapitre 7 de ce Code est en effet consacré à la légalisation et à l'examen des documents étrangers. Il indique quelle autorité est compétente pour procéder à la légalisation d'un document (art. 33) et confirme la pratique antérieure des 'remarques' pouvant être apposées sur un acte étranger lorsqu'un doute sérieux existe sur l'authenticité de l'acte ou sur l'authenticité de son contenu (art. 34). Tous ces textes font référence à l'article 30 du Code de droit international privé, disposition qui constitue le socle de base dans ce domaine. A bien y regarder la nouvelle circulaire introduit néanmoins deux innovation importantes bien que singulières. Ces deux innovations pourraient avoir comme effet d'empêcher l'utilisation d'un acte étranger en Belgique. La présente contribution s'interroge de manière critique sur ces deux innovations en questionnant tant leur pertinence que leur efficacité. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 24 (0 ULg) Does the production of Belgian bioethanol fit with European requirements on GHG emissions? Case of wheatBelboom, Sandra ; Bodson, Bernard ; Léonard, Angélique in Biomass & Bioenergy (2015), 74This paper undertakes an environmental evaluation of bioethanol production, using wheat cultivated in Belgium. Cultivation steps are modelled using Belgian specific data. Wheat transformation in ethanol ... [more ▼]This paper undertakes an environmental evaluation of bioethanol production, using wheat cultivated in Belgium. Cultivation steps are modelled using Belgian specific data. Wheat transformation in ethanol relies on industrial data. GHG emissions of the whole life cycle are calculated and compared with the default values given by the European Renewable Energy Directive. Belgian wheat bioethanol achieves a 5% higher GHG reduction than the one mentioned in the European directive but impact repartition is different with a higher importance of cultivation step in our case. Belgian wheat bioethanol complies with the current sustainability criteria but is also able to conform to further ones. Sensitivity analyses are performed on the importance of N fertilizers and associated emissions known as main important parameters. These analyses reveal non negligible variations and then a range of available GHG reduction when using wheat bioethanol. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (8 ULg) Concordance between muscle mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and by dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry among elderly people: a cross-sectional studyBuckinx, Fanny ; Reginster, Jean-Yves ; Dardenne, Nadia et alin BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2015), 16(1), 60-67BACKGROUND: Besides magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) seems the most reliable tool to evaluate body composition and is often considered as the gold standard in clinical ... [more ▼]BACKGROUND: Besides magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) seems the most reliable tool to evaluate body composition and is often considered as the gold standard in clinical practice. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) could provide a simpler, portative, and less expensive alternative. Because the body composition assessment by BIA is device-dependent, the aim of this study was to appraise the concordance between the specific bioelectrical impedance device InBody S10 and DXA for the body composition evaluation. METHODS: Body composition, included appendicular lean mass divided by height squared (ALM/ht2) was measured by DXA (Hologic QDR Discovery device) and by BIA (InBody S10 Biospace device). Agreement between tools was assessed by means of the Bland Altman method and reliability was determined using the IntraClass Coefficient (ICC). ICC was also computed to assess the reliability of the test-retest performed by the same operator or by two different ones. RESULTS: A total of 219 subjects were enrolled in this study (mean age: 43.7 +/- 19.1 years old, 51.6% of women). For the ALM/ht2, reliability of the test-retest of the BIA was high with an ICC of 0.89 (95%CI: 0.86-0.92) when performed by the same operator and an ICC of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.72-0.82) when performed by two different operators. Agreement between ALM/ht2 assessed by DXA and BIA was low (ICC = 0.37 (95%CI: 0.25-0.48)). Mean ALM/ht2 was 9.19 +/- 1.39 kg/m2 with BIA and 7.34 +/- 1.34 kg/m2 with DXA, (p < 0001). A formula developed using a multiple regression analysis, and taking into account muscle mass assessed by BIA, as well as sex and body mass index, explains 89% of the ALM/ht2 assessed by DXA. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results show that the measure of ALM/ht2 by BIA is reliable, the agreement between DXA and BIA is low. Indeed, BIA seems to overestimate ALM/ht2 compared to DXA and, consequently, it is important to use an adapted formula to obtain measurement of the appendicular lean mass by BIA close to that measured by DXA. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 81 (23 ULg) LaTeX, un peu, beaucoup (7. Tableaux (encore))Dupont, Pascal in Losanges (2015), 28Detailed reference viewed: 15 (1 ULg) Equipements remarquable: Passeport santé pour bananierMassart, Sébastien in 15e Jour du Mois (Le) (2015), (242), Detailed reference viewed: 15 (4 ULg) Compte rendu de Ulrich Herbert, Geschichte Deutschlands im 20. JahrhundertBrüll, Christoph in Wissenschaftlicher Literaturanzeiger [=WLA] (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 ULg) Fires of Pianura: The Antidump Struggle in the Western Outskirt of NaplesDe Biase, Marco in Capitalism, Nature, Socialism (2015), 26(1), 39-58This ethnographic study aimed at analyzing the rebellion in Pianura, which took place between December 2007 and January 2009 when Naples' streets were covered with rubbish. It was a violent protest ... [more ▼]This ethnographic study aimed at analyzing the rebellion in Pianura, which took place between December 2007 and January 2009 when Naples' streets were covered with rubbish. It was a violent protest involving some 40.000 people who wanted to object to the reopening of the old dump of Pianura, one of the most toxic in Europe and no longer in use. The fear for their own life, the desperation of local population, and the anger after being attacked by the police during pacific protest gave origin to a real urban guerrilla targeting the political system. This article aims to go beyond the dominant narration of the events developed by the media and the authorities, which interpreted the uprising of Pianura in terms of Nimby (Not in my back yard), and as a mere manifestation of violence that was carried out by a group of extremists. On the contrary, it will be argued that the anti-dump struggle of Pianura, in its diverse forms, was animated by a radical critique of a specific model of local and national development (Gramsci 2007; Della Porta 2006). In order to support this argument the context of Pianura and the various mobilizations set up by the local population are analysed in this article. In addition, the heterogeneous and fragmented nature of the movement is explained through Bayat’s (1997; 2000) concept of “street politics” and that of “rebel bricolage” inspired by the work of Levi-Strauss (1966). More in detail, the analysis is focused on the effects of the “waste politics” on the body of the protesters, which became an important tool of resistance and an instrument to claim fundamental rights (Fassin, Memmi 2004). Finally, this article investigates the role of some groups of ultrà (football supporters) who actively participated in the demonstrations, and their relationship with the criminalizing discourses that were constructed to discredit the struggle. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (3 ULg) Screening of microorganisms producing polygalacturonase (PG) in microbiota of fermented cassavaKouhounde, Sonagnon Hermann Serge in International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 24 (7 ULg) Evaluation des interventions réalisées auprès de mineurs délinquants placés: Utopie ou urgence?Grégoire, Julie ; Mathys, Cécile in Journal du Droit des Jeunes (2015), 343Detailed reference viewed: 12 (5 ULg) El sindrome de Pasqualini : Hipoandrogenismo con espermatogenesis conservadaVALDES SOCIN, Hernan Gonzalo ; Beckers, Albert in Medicina (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 8 (3 ULg) Gestion implantaire de l'édentement unitaire dans le secteur esthétique : une approche visant à optimiser les tissus. Partie I : aspect chirurgicalLAMBERT, France in Réalites Cliniques : Revue Européenne d'Odontologie (2015), 26(n°1), Nous sommes tous bien conscients de la problématique liée au remodelage osseux après extraction dentaire, en particulier dans la zone esthétique. Les conséquences cliniques sont telles que le recours à ... [more ▼]Nous sommes tous bien conscients de la problématique liée au remodelage osseux après extraction dentaire, en particulier dans la zone esthétique. Les conséquences cliniques sont telles que le recours à des techniques de régénération tissulaire est souvent nécéssaire pour la pose de l'implant et pour assurer des résultats esthétiques. Cet article vise à démontrer l'efficacité d'un protocole d'optimisation tissulaire basé sur la préservation du capital osseux et sur l'optimisation des tissus gingivaux lors d'une extraction dentaire dans la zone esthétique. L'objectif de cet article est de suggérer un processus décisionnel en matière de technique chirurgicale, reposant d'une part sur l'examen clinique initial et, d'autre part, sur une excellente compréhension du concept biologique. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (3 ULg) NIK is required for NF-κB-mediated induction of BAG3 upon inhibition of constitutive protein degradation pathways.Rapino, Francesca ; Abhari, BA; Jung, M et alin Cell Death & Disease (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 5 (0 ULg) Ritournelles et territoires professionnels. Le cas des conseillers emploiOrianne, Jean-François in Langage et Société (2015), 151L’objectif de ce texte est d’utiliser le concept de ritournelle pour analyser la formation d’un groupe professionnel dans le champ des politiques d’emploi en Belgique : les conseillers emploi du FOREM ... [more ▼]L’objectif de ce texte est d’utiliser le concept de ritournelle pour analyser la formation d’un groupe professionnel dans le champ des politiques d’emploi en Belgique : les conseillers emploi du FOREM. L’auteur commence par définir et opérationnaliser le concept, emprunté à Deleuze et Guattari, en suivant les apports des théories de la communication réflexive. Il esquisse brièvement le contexte politique et institutionnel au sein duquel le groupe professionnel apparaît. Ensuite, il analyse trois ritournelles professionnelles, trois procédés de territorialisation des identités professionnelles des conseillers emploi. Il précise, en conclusion, la complémentarité du concept de ritournelle avec celui de rhétorique professionnelle. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 78 (22 ULg) La protection des droits fondamentaux des minorités nationales par les mécanismes régionaux de protection des droits de l’homme en Europe et en Afrique : étude comparativePilorge, Joëlle in Revue de la Faculté de Droit de l'Université de Liège (2015), 2015/1Detailed reference viewed: 29 (8 ULg) What is important in being cured from depression? Discordance between physicians and patients (1)Demyttenaere, Koen; Donneau, Anne-Françoise ; Albert, Adelin et alin Journal of Affective Disorders (2015), 174(2015), 390-396Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 ULg) Unique recurrence patterns of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia following excision of the squamo-columnar junction.Herfs, Michael ; SOMJA, Joan ; Howitt, Brooke E. et alin International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer (2015), 136Recent studies have identified a putative cell of origin for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer at the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ) and suggest that these cells may not ... [more ▼]Recent studies have identified a putative cell of origin for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer at the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ) and suggest that these cells may not regenerate following excision (LEEP). This study addressed the impact of SCJ excision on the temporal dynamics, histologic and viral (HPV) characteristics of recurrent CIN. One hundred thirty one consecutive patients treated by excision and attending follow-up visits were enrolled. We compared recurrent and initial CIN with attention to excision margins, timing of recurrence, CIN grade, HPV types, p16 immunophenotype, and SCJ immunophenotype. During the follow-up period (up to four years), sixteen (12.2%) recurrences were identified. Four (25%) were identified at the first follow-up visit, closely resembled the initial CIN 2/3 in grade and HPV type, and were typically SCJ marker positive [SCJ(+)], suggesting non-excised (residual) disease. Twelve (75%) manifested after the first postoperative visit and all were in the ectocervix or in mature metaplastic epithelium. All of the 12 delayed recurrences were classified as CIN 1 and were SCJ (-). Nine of 11 SCJ (-) recurrences (82%) followed regressed spontaneously. Taken together, these results show that new lesions developing from any HPV infection are delayed and occur within the ectocervix or metaplastic epithelium. This dramatically lower risk of CIN 2/3 following successful SCJ excision suggests that removal of the SCJ could be a critical variable in reducing the risk of subsequent CIN 2/3 and cervical cancer. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 47 (6 ULg) Elimination of enrofloxacin in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) following on-farm treatmentTran Minh, Phu; Douny, Caroline ; Scippo, Marie-Louise et alin Aquaculture (2015), 438Detailed reference viewed: 17 (5 ULg) Data in support of metabolic reprogramming in transformed mouse cortical astrocytes: A proteomic studyBentaib, Azeddine; De Tullio, Pascal ; Chneiweiss, Hervé et alin Data in Brief (2015), 2(0), 1-52D-DIGE analysis coupled with mass spectrometry is a global, without a priori, comparative proteomic approach particularly suited to identify and quantify enzymes isoforms and structural proteins, thus ... [more ▼]2D-DIGE analysis coupled with mass spectrometry is a global, without a priori, comparative proteomic approach particularly suited to identify and quantify enzymes isoforms and structural proteins, thus making it an efficient tool for the characterization of the changes in cell phenotypes that occur in physiological and pathological conditions. In this data article in support of the research article entitled “Metabolic reprogramming in transformed mouse cortical astrocytes: a proteomic study” [1] we illustrate the changes in protein profile that occur during the metabolic reprogramming undergone by cultured mouse astrocytes in a model of in-vitro cancerous transformation [2]. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (4 ULg) Alexandre VI Borgia, le pape de la débaucheMarchandisse, Alain in Historia (2015), (Spécial 22), Detailed reference viewed: 18 (1 ULg) Les concessions forestières des communautés locales : une avancée potentielle pour la foresterie sociale en RDCVermeulen, Cédric ; Karsenty, Alainin Cahiers Africains (2015), 86Detailed reference viewed: 87 (8 ULg) Higher-Moment Risk Exposures in Hedge FundsLambert, Marie ; Hübner, Georges ; Papageorgiou, Nicolasin European Financial Management (2015), 21(2), 236-264This paper singles out the key roles of US equity skewness and kurtosis in the hedge fund return generating process. We propose a conditional higher-moment model with location, trading, and higher-moment ... [more ▼]This paper singles out the key roles of US equity skewness and kurtosis in the hedge fund return generating process. We propose a conditional higher-moment model with location, trading, and higher-moment factors to describe the dynamics of the equity hedge, event-driven, relative value, and fund of funds styles. If the volatility, skewness, and kurtosis implied in US options are used by fund managers as instruments to anticipate market movements, managers should adjust their market exposure in response to variations in these moments. We indeed show that higher-moment premia improve the conditional asset pricing model across all hedge fund styles. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 93 (21 ULg) Multi-period stochastic optimization problems in transportation management (Ph. D. Thesis Summary)Pironet, Thierry in 4OR : Quarterly Journal of the Belgian, French and Italian Operations Research Societies (2015), 13(1), 113-114Ph. D Thesis summary see other reference on ORBIDetailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) Networks of prospective thoughts: the organizational role of emotion and its impact on well-beingDemblon, Julie ; D'Argembeau, Arnaud in Cognition & Emotion (2015)Recent research has shown that many prospective thoughts are organised in networks of related events, but the relational dimensions that contribute to the formation of such networks are not fully ... [more ▼]Recent research has shown that many prospective thoughts are organised in networks of related events, but the relational dimensions that contribute to the formation of such networks are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the organisational role of emotion by using cues of different valence for eliciting event networks. We found that manipulating the emotional valence of cues influenced the characteristics of events within networks, and that members of a network were more similar to each other on affective components than they were to members of other networks. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of events within networks were part of thematic clusters and cluster membership significantly modulated the impact of represented events on current well-being, in part through an intensification of the emotion felt when thinking about these events. These findings demonstrate that emotion contributes to the organisation of future thoughts in networks that can affect people’s well-being. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 25 (6 ULg) What is important in being cured from: Does discordance between physicians and patients matter? (2)Demyttenaere, Koen; Donneau, Anne-Françoise ; Albert, Adelin et alin Journal of Affective Disorders (2015), 174(2015), 372-377Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg) Effect of storage and cooking on the fatty acid profile of omega-3 enriched eggs and pork meat marketed in BelgiumDouny, Caroline ; El Khoury, Rawad; Delmelle, Julien et alin Food Science & Nutrition (2015), 3(2), 140-152Detailed reference viewed: 32 (20 ULg) Evaluation des actions transversales du New Deal bruxelloisCipriano, Sabrine; Fallon, Catherine ; Fastré, Perrine et alin Les Cahiers de l'IBSA (2015), 4En vue d’assurer la cohérence de la politique de l’emploi sur le territoire bruxellois, le volet transversal du « Pacte de Croissance Urbaine Durable », appelé aussi « New Deal » bruxellois, inventorie ... [more ▼]En vue d’assurer la cohérence de la politique de l’emploi sur le territoire bruxellois, le volet transversal du « Pacte de Croissance Urbaine Durable », appelé aussi « New Deal » bruxellois, inventorie une série d’actions à mettre en œuvre de manière coordonnée. Pour cela, il définit un cadre permettant de développer des partenariats entre acteurs aussi différents que des administrations, des partenaires sociaux ou encore des cabinets ministériels, dépendant d’institutions tantôt régionales, tantôt communautaires, francophones ou néerlandophones. Il repense ainsi l’organisation de la coordination entre ces acteurs, sans pour autant toucher à la répartition institutionnelle des compétences sur le territoire bruxellois. L’évaluation présentée dans ce Cahier de l’IBSA livre un bilan de l’utilité de ces dispositifs de coordination, selon le point de vue des acteurs impliqués. Elle repose sur une comparaison de huit études de cas qui portent sur une période d’observation de trois ans, allant d’avril 2011 à mars 2014. L’évaluation met en lumière la nouvelle méthode de travail du New Deal qui permet, via des collaborations croisées, de dépasser certaines fragmentations politiques et institutionnelles autour de la question de l’emploi sur le territoire bruxellois. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (1 ULg) An efficient flamelet-based combustion model for compressible flowsSaghafian, Amirreza; Terrapon, Vincent ; Pitsch, Heinzin Combustion and Flame (2015), 162(3), 652-667A combustion model based on a flamelet/progress variable approach for high-speed flows is introduced. In the proposed formulation, the temperature is computed from the transported total energy and ... [more ▼]A combustion model based on a flamelet/progress variable approach for high-speed flows is introduced. In the proposed formulation, the temperature is computed from the transported total energy and tabulated species mass fractions. Only three additional scalar equations need to be solved for the combustion model. Additionally, a flamelet library is used that is computed in a pre-processing step. This approach is very efficient and allows for the use of complex chemical mechanisms. An approximation is also introduced to eliminate costly iterative steps during the temperature calculation. To better account for compressibility effects, the chemical source term of the progress variable is rescaled with the density and temperature. The compressibility corrections are analyzed in an a priori study. The model is also tested in both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) computations of a hydrogen jet in a supersonic transverse flow. Comparison with experimental measurements shows good agreement, particularly for the LES case. It is found that the disagreement between RANS results and experimental data is mostly due to the mixing model deficiencies and the presumed probability density functions used in the RANS formulation. A sensitivity study of the proposed model shows the importance of the compressibility corrections especially for the source term of the progress variable. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 46 (9 ULg) Changes in antitoxic defense systems of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex exposed to BDE-47 and BDE-99Horion, Sibylle ; Thomé, Jean-Pierre ; Gismondi, Eric in Ecotoxicology (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 15 (1 ULg) Dual-use controls outreach: a new methodMichel, Quentin ; Paile, Sylvain in WorldECR (2015), (38), 27-28Detailed reference viewed: 27 (8 ULg) Efficient finite element assembly of high order Whitney formsMarsic, Nicolas ; Geuzaine, Christophe in IET Science, Measurement & Technology (2015), 9(2), 204-210This study presents an efficient method for the finite element assembly of high order Whitney elements. The authors start by reviewing the classical assembly technique and by highlighting the most time ... [more ▼]This study presents an efficient method for the finite element assembly of high order Whitney elements. The authors start by reviewing the classical assembly technique and by highlighting the most time consuming part. Then, they show how this classical approach can be reformulated into a computationally efficient matrix-matrix product. They also address the global orientation problem of the vector valued basis functions. They conclude by presenting numerical results for a three-dimensional wave propagation problem. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 46 (25 ULg) Targeting pericranial nerve branches to treat migraine: Current approaches and perspectives.Ambrosini, Armin; D'Alessio, Costantino; MAGIS, Delphine et alin Cephalalgia : An International Journal of Headache (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 13 (0 ULg) Réflexions relatives au traitement des tendinopathies par infiltration de PRPKAUX, Jean-François ; Bouvard, Marc; Sanchez, Mikel et alin Journal de Traumatologie du Sport (2015), 32(1), 38-40Introduction Platelet rich plasma injection (PRP) represents a recent therapy for chronic tendinopathies. However, this treatment remains controversial in clinical studies. Summary of the facts and ... [more ▼]Introduction Platelet rich plasma injection (PRP) represents a recent therapy for chronic tendinopathies. However, this treatment remains controversial in clinical studies. Summary of the facts and results Based on literature and our experience, we offer few tracks in order to improve this treatment. The optimization of the technique of obtaining the PRP is paramount. Different risk factors must be corrected and the good indications carefully selected. Finally, a post-infiltration rehabilitation remains absolutely necessary. Conclusion Standardisation of the use of the PRP remains necessary in order to optimize the results. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 40 (8 ULg) Magnetosphere-ionosphere mapping at Jupiter: Quantifying the effects of using different internal field modelsVogt, Marissa; Bunce, Emma; Kivelson, Margaret et alin Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics (2015), 120The lack of global field models accurate beyond the inner magnetosphere (<30 RJ) makes it difficult to relate Jupiter's polar auroral features to magnetospheric source regions. We recently developed a ... [more ▼]The lack of global field models accurate beyond the inner magnetosphere (<30 RJ) makes it difficult to relate Jupiter's polar auroral features to magnetospheric source regions. We recently developed a model that maps Jupiter's equatorial magnetosphere to the ionosphere using a flux equivalence calculation that requires equal flux at the equatorial and ionospheric ends of flux tubes. This approach is more accurate than tracing field lines in a global field model but only if it is based on an accurate model of Jupiter's internal field. At present there are three widely used internal field models—Voyager Io Pioneer 4 (VIP4), the Grodent Anomaly Model (GAM), and VIP Anomaly Longitude (VIPAL). The purpose of this study is to quantify how the choice of an internal field model affects the mapping of various auroral features using the flux equivalence calculation. We find that different internal field models can shift the ionospheric mapping of points in the equatorial plane by several degrees and shift the magnetospheric mapping to the equator by ~30 RJ radially and by less than 1 h in local time. These shifts are consistent with differences in how well each model maps the Ganymede footprint, underscoring the need for more accurate Jovian internal field models. We discuss differences in the mapping of specific auroral features and the size and location of the open/closed field line boundary. Understanding these differences is important for the continued analysis of Hubble Space Telescope images and in planning for Juno's arrival at Jupiter in 2016. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 ULg) Tensor Representation of Spin StatesGiraud, Olivier; Braun, Daniel; Baguette, Dorian et alin Physical Review Letters (2015), 114We propose a generalization of the Bloch sphere representation for arbitrary spin states. It provides a compact and elegant representation of spin density matrices in terms of tensors that share the most ... [more ▼]We propose a generalization of the Bloch sphere representation for arbitrary spin states. It provides a compact and elegant representation of spin density matrices in terms of tensors that share the most important properties of Bloch vectors. Our representation, based on covariant matrices introduced by Weinberg in the context of quantum field theory, allows for a simple parametrization of coherent spin states, and a straightforward transformation of density matrices under local unitary and partial tracing operations. It enables us to provide a criterion for anticoherence, relevant in a broader context such as quantum polarization of light. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (16 ULg) Poly(vinyl ester 1,2,3-triazolium)s: a new member of the poly(ionic liquid)s familyObadia, M. M.; Colliat-Dangus, G.; Debuigne, Antoine et alin Chemical Communications (2015), 51(16), 3332-3335A vinyl ester monomer carrying a pendant 1,2,3-triazole group is synthesized in two steps and polymerized by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Subsequent alkylation with N-methyl bis ... [more ▼]A vinyl ester monomer carrying a pendant 1,2,3-triazole group is synthesized in two steps and polymerized by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Subsequent alkylation with N-methyl bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide affords the corresponding poly(vinyl ester 1,2,3-triazolium). This unprecedented example of poly(vinyl ester ionic liquid) exhibits an ionic conductivity of 9.2 × 10(-7) S cm(-1) at 30 °C [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 29 (4 ULg) Retirement age and the age of onset of Alzheimer’s disease: Results from the ICTUS studyGrotz, Catherine ; Letenneur, Luc; Bonsang, Eric et alin PLoS ONE (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 51 (20 ULg) Lead concentrations and isotope ratios in speleothems as proxies for atmospheric metal pollution since the Industrial RevolutionAllan, Mohammed ; Fagel, Nathalie ; Van Rampelbergh, maite et alin Chemical Geology (2015)Lead concentrations and isotope ratios from two speleothems from the Han-sur-Lesse cave in southern Belgium were measured in order to study the ability of speleothems to act as archives of atmospheric ... [more ▼]Lead concentrations and isotope ratios from two speleothems from the Han-sur-Lesse cave in southern Belgium were measured in order to study the ability of speleothems to act as archives of atmospheric pollution. To address this aim we analyzed trace elemental Al and Pb compositions by LA-ICP-MS and ICP-MS as well as Pb isotopes by MC-ICP-MS. The results help to identify three intervals characterized by particularly high enrichment of Pb: from 1880 to 1905 AD, from 1945 to 1965 AD, and from 1975 to 1990 AD. The speleothem record shows similar changes as the known historical atmospheric pollution level in Belgium. Lead isotope ratios discriminate between Pb sources and confirm that coal and gasoline combustion, combined with regional metallurgical activities, were the predominant Pb pollution sources in the stalagmites during the last 250 years. This study opens possibilities to determine anthropogenic versus natural metal sources in well-dated speleothem archives. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 87 (60 ULg) Granular transport in driven granular gasNoirhomme, Martial ; Opsomer, Eric ; Ludewig, François et alin European Physical Journal E -- Soft Matter (2015), 38We numerically and theoretically investigate the behavior of a granular gas driven by asymmetric plates. The injection of energy in the dissipative system differs from one side to the opposite one. We ... [more ▼]We numerically and theoretically investigate the behavior of a granular gas driven by asymmetric plates. The injection of energy in the dissipative system differs from one side to the opposite one. We prove that the dynamical clustering which is expected for such a system is affected by the asymmetry. As a consequence, the cluster position can be fully controlled. This property could lead to various applications in the handling of granular materials in low-gravity environment. Moreover, the dynamical cluster is characterized by natural oscillations which are also captured by a model. These oscillations are mainly related to the cluster size, thus providing an original way to probe the clustering behavior. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (5 ULg) Protection of Antarctic microbial communities–‘out of sight, out of mind’Hughes, Kevin; Cowan, Don; Wilmotte, Annick in Frontiers in Microbiology (2015), 6(151), 1-6RecentadvancesinmolecularbiologytechniqueshaveshownthepresenceofdiversemicrobialcommunitiesandendemicspeciesinAntarctica.Endemicmicrobesmaybeapotentialsourceofnovelbiotechnologicallyimportantcompounds ... [more ▼]RecentadvancesinmolecularbiologytechniqueshaveshownthepresenceofdiversemicrobialcommunitiesandendemicspeciesinAntarctica.Endemicmicrobesmaybeapotentialsourceofnovelbiotechnologicallyimportantcompounds,including,forexample,newantibiotics.Thus,thescientificandbiotechnologicalvalueofAntarcticterrestrialmicrobialhabitatscanbecompromisedbyhumanvisitationtoagreaterextentthanpreviouslyrealized.Theever-increasinghumanfootprintinAntarcticamakesconsiderationofthistopicmorepressing,asthenumberoflocationsknowntobepristinehabitats,whereincreasinglysophisticatedcutting-edgeresearchtechniquesmaybeusedtotheirfullpotential,declines.ExaminationoftheProtectedAreassystemoftheAntarcticTreatyshowsthatmicrobialhabitatsaregenerallypoorlyprotected.NoothercontinentonEarthisdominatedtothesamedegreebymicrobialspecies,andrealopportunitiesexisttodevelopnewwaysofconceptualizingandimplementingconservationofmicrobialbiogeographyonacontinentalscale.Herewehighlightpotentialthreatsbothtotheconservationofterrestrialmicrobialecosystems,andtofuturescientificresearchrequiringtheirstudy. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 19 (2 ULg) Resonant and antiresonant bouncing dropletsHubert, Maxime ; Robert, Damien; Caps, Hervé et alin Physical Review. E : Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics (2015), 91When placed onto a vibrating liquid bath, a droplet may adopt a permanent bouncing behavior, depending on both the forcing frequency and the forcing amplitude. The relationship between the droplet ... [more ▼]When placed onto a vibrating liquid bath, a droplet may adopt a permanent bouncing behavior, depending on both the forcing frequency and the forcing amplitude. The relationship between the droplet deformations and the bouncing mechanism is studied experimentally and theoretically through an asymmetric and dissipative bouncing spring model. Antiresonance phenomena are evidenced. Experiments and theoretical predictions show that both resonance at specific frequencies and antiresonance at Rayleigh frequencies play crucial roles in the bouncing mechanism. In particular, we show that they could be exploited for bouncing droplet size selection. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (7 ULg)