text: BF3. Perhaps you can redraw it in a way in which no edges cross. Marjorie Rice, an amateur mathematician, discovered four new types of tessellating pentagons in 1976 and 1977.[6][7]. Do hexagonal planar molecules exist, and if they do, what are they? In the hyperbolic plane, there are tilings of regular pentagons, for instance order-4 pentagonal tiling, {5,4}, having four pentagons around each vertex. 4. Why does F replace the axial bond in PCl5? The VSEPR structures take the names of 3-D geometric shapes, as in the example … [5] All use Reinhardt's tiles, usually with additional conditions necessary for the tiling. 3-Digit Narcissistic Numbers Program - Python , Find Nearest Line Feature from a point in QGIS. SF4. 1992, 31 (3), 345–347, DOI 10.1002/anie.199203451. He claimed incorrectly that this was the complete list of pentagons that can tile the plane. NH3. MAINTENANCE WARNING: Possible downtime early morning Dec 2, 4, and 9 UTC…, IBrF2 - van der Waals repulsions - and number of unique bond angles. Michaël Rao of the École normale supérieure de Lyon claimed in May 2017 to have found the proof that there are in fact no convex pentagons that tile beyond these 15 types. The molecular geometry is described only by the positions of the nuclei, not by the positions of the lone pairs. It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm theory after its two main developers, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm. I. A similar method can be used to subdivide squares into four congruent non-convex pentagons, or regular hexagons into six congruent non-convex pentagons, and then tile the plane with the resulting unit. Fifteen of the other eighteen tilings are by special cases of type 1 tiles. Example of molecule for trigonal planar. The pgg symmetry is reduced to p2 when the chiral pairs are considered distinct. Measure the F-Xe-F bond angles in the structure and see how they correspond to the ideal angles given in the table in the previous section. According to the Aufbau principle, electrons are filled from lower to higher energy orbitals (Figure $$\PageIndex{1}$$).For the octahedral case above, this corresponds to the d xy, d xz, and d yz orbitals. 57 Some news agencies such as C&EN called this structure "first hexagonal planar crystal structure", however the authors of the article make an important addition: The hexagonal planar coordination environment is known, but it is restricted to condensed metallic phases, the hexagonal pores of coordination polymers, or clusters that contain more than one transition metal in close proximity. pentagonal and hexagonal faces. Both are derived from the pentagonal bipyramid with two lone pairs occupying the apical positions and the five fluorine atoms all equatorial. Angles are A = 140°, B = 60°, C = 160°, D = 80°, E = 100°.[11][12]. Example of molecule for pentagonal bipyramidal. Five example topologies are given below. These are shown as yellow and green tiles in those cases. Yep, they inherit a lot from crown ethers, though I picked potassium and this particular class of torands because their combination allows for a planar 6-coordinated geometry. 0 Three groups of electrons around an atom X, always give a trigonal planar … I think it's nearly impossible to find or synthesize a "canonical" complex with hexagonal molecular geometry, but in the field of host-guest supramolecular chemistry there are numerous examples of "unusual" geometry. The sphinx may also tile the plane periodically, by fitting two sphinx tiles together to form a parallelogram and then tiling the plane by translates of this parallelogram, a pattern that can be extended to any non-convex pentagon that has two consecutive angles adding to 2π, thus satisfying the condition(s) of convex Type 1 above. The complete list of convex polygons that can tile the plane includes the above 15 pentagons, three types of hexagons, and all quadrilaterals and triangles. The molecular arrangement of the CH2Cl2 is in such a way that the carbon atom is … 3 Remember that all trigonal planar molecules have a steric number of three. All four tilings are 2-isohedral. Here is an example of the structure with potassium ion from (1), Tri-n-butyltorand-potassium picrate clathrate, which I quickly sketched in Olex2: In October 2019 a series of new transition metal complexes has been reported in an article published in Nature by Garçon et al. XeF5-Example of molecule for octahedral. Uniform tilings and their duals are all edge-to-edge. Hexamethyltungsten (W(CH 3) 6) was the first example of a molecular trigonal prismatic complex. It looks as though hexagonal planar molecules are currently unknown, but you can find a hexagonal plane in higher coordination structures like a hexagonal bipyramid. Garçon, M.; Bakewell, C.; Sackman, G. A.; White, A. J. P.; Cooper, R. I.; Edwards, A. J.; Crimmin, M. R. A Hexagonal Planar Transition-Metal Complex. rev 2020.12.3.38123, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Chemistry Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us, I'd suspect that sterically theres just no chance of getting groups around a central atom. In geometry, a pentagonal tiling is a tiling of the plane where each individual piece is in the shape of a pentagon. Pentagons have a peculiar relationship with hexagons. A k-uniform tiling has a k-isohedral dual tiling and are represented by different colors and shades of colors below. For example, the chromatic number of a graph cannot be greater than 4 when the graph is planar. How can I deal with a professor with an all-or-nothing thinking habit? Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. For example: With pentagons that are not required to be convex, additional types of tiling are possible. Recognize the difference between electron and molecular geometry. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. ( Is there an "internet anywhere" device I can bring with me to visit the developing world? Chem. . 57 There are two tilings by all type 2 tiles, and one by all of each of the other four types. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The pgg symmetry is reduced to p2 when chiral pairs are considered distinct. In addition, some of the pentagons in the known tiling types also permit alternative tiling patterns beyond the standard tiling exhibited by all members of its type. Reinhardt (1918) found the first five types of pentagonal tile. When a connected graph can be drawn without any edges crossing, it is called planar.When a planar graph is drawn in this way, it divides the plane into regions called faces.. The ion XeF 5-is a rare example of pentagonal planar geometry. Thus with two nuclei and one lone pair the shape is bent, or V shaped, which can be viewed as a trigonal planar arrangement with a missing vertex (Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.3). A. Angew. If mirror image protile tiles (yellow and green) are considered distinct, the symmetry is p2 (2222). Bagina (2011) showed that there are only eight edge-to-edge convex types, a result obtained independently by Sugimoto (2012). [13] Examples for 5-fold and 7-fold symmetry are shown below. Section 4.3 Planar Graphs Investigate! and angle B obtuse with Section 4.2 Planar Graphs Investigate! BrF3. Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. − = It is indexed as type 10. Learn more about its types and formula for volume and area of pentagonal prisms here. SF6. In chemistry, a pentagonal bipyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the centre with seven ligands at the corners of a pentagonal bipyramid.A perfect pentagonal bipyramid belongs to the molecular point group D 5h.. 1 F F F F F Xe a. 6 substituents bonded to the central atom and two lone pairs at the axial positions opposite to each other. In 1975 Richard E. James III found a ninth type, after reading about Kershner's results in Martin Gardner's "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American magazine of July 1975 (reprinted in Gardner (1988)). Draw, if possible, two different planar graphs with the same number of … How can I pay respect for a recently deceased team member without seeming intrusive? It has pgg (22×) symmetry, and p2 (2222) if chiral pairs are considered distinct. Engl. = Do all Noether theorems have a common mathematical structure? Thus a fullerene graph is de ned as a three-regular planar graph with only pentagonal and hexagonal faces. 11 Did they allow smoking in the USA Courts in 1960s? We found single-layer PtP 2 exhibits a completely planar, pentagonal structure, similar to previously predicted single-layer pentagonal X 2 N 4 (X = Ni, Pd, or Pt) , . However, regular pentagons can tile the hyperbolic plane and the sphere; the latter produces a tiling topologically equivalent to the dodecahedron. What does "loose-jointed" mean in this Sherlock Holmes passage? 25 It is hoped that this work will assist characterization of complexes with pentagonal planar, pentagonal bipyramidal and pentagonal pyramidal geometries. Fig. 8 Click hereto get an answer to your question  The shape of PC1.Pci, and AsCl, are respectively (1) square planar, tetrahedral and see-saw (2) tetrahedral, see-saw and trigonal bipyramidal (3) tetrahedral, square planar and pentagonal bip yramidal (4) trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and square pyramidal Use MathJax to format equations. These dual tilings are also called Laves tilings. The [XeF 5] - anion is therefore pentagonal planar. Int. a How can a company reduce my number of shares? For example, this is a planar graph: The k-uniform tilings with valence-5 vertices also have pentagonal dual tilings, containing the same three shaped pentagons as the semiregular duals above, but contain a mixture of pentagonal types. With pentagons that are not required to be convex, additional types of tiling are possible. A dodecahedron can be considered a regular tiling of 12 pentagons on the surface of a sphere, with Schläfli symbol {5,3}, having three pentagons around each vertex. It is possible to divide an equilateral triangle into three congruent non-convex pentagons, meeting at the center of the triangle, and to tile the plane with the resulting three-pentagon unit. MathJax reference. The bisphenoids (the hemihedral forms of the tetragonal and rhombic bipyramids)., and the trigonal pyramid of the hexagonal system, are examples of non-regular tetrahedra (see Crystallography). Do molecules with a hexagonal planar geometry exist? The hybridization of carbon atoms is sp3. 8 Ed. On the page, its given that arrangement of 6 atoms in a plane is found in higher coordination states but that does not help either as they have not given any examples of that. The tiling is 3-isohedral and non-edge-to-edge. How to draw a seven point star with one path in Adobe Illustrator, 11 speed shifter levers on my 10 speed drivetrain. These examples are 2-isohedral and edge-to-edge. Are the natural weapon attacks of a druid in Wild Shape magical? An example is the sphinx tiling, an aperiodic tiling formed by a pentagonal rep-tile. It has completely determined tiles, with no degrees of freedom. Is the energy of an orbital dependent on temperature? As an example, 2D pentagonal PtP 2 is predicted to possess a completely planar structure and a direct band gap. IF7. Hexagonal planar Geometry: Unknown for first row transition metal ions, although the arrangement of six groups in a plane is found in some higher coordination number geometries.. Trigonal prism Geometry: Most trigonal prismatic compounds have three bidentate ligands such as dithiolates or oxalates and few are known for first row transition metal ions. University of Washington Bothell mathematicians Casey Mann, Jennifer McLoud-Mann, and David Von Derau discovered a 15th monohedral tiling convex pentagon in 2015 using a computer algorithm. They represent special higher symmetry cases of the 15 monohedral tilings above. On the basis of the symmetry of this ion, predict the number of IR-active Xe–F stretching bands. This list has been shown to be complete by Rao (2017) (result subject to peer-review). Why did George Lucas ban David Prowse (actor of Darth Vader) from appearing at Star Wars conventions? In 2016 it could be shown by Bernhard Klaassen that every discrete rotational symmetry type can be represented by a monohedral pentagonal tiling from the same class of pentagons. This nomenclature is used in the diagrams below, where the tiles are also colored by their k-isohedral positions within the symmetry. Example of molecule for square planar. [18] The sphinx may also tile the plane periodically, by fitting two sphinx tiles together to form a parallelogram and then tiling the plane by translates of this parallelogram,[18] a pattern that can be extended to any non-convex pentagon that has two consecutive angles adding to 2π, thus satisfying the condition(s) of convex Type 1 above. I recently read an article on Wikipedia about pentagonal planar geometry.. In the limit, edges may have lengths that approach zero or angles that approach 180°. Kershner (1968) found three more types of pentagonal tile, bringing the total to eight. Each enumerated tiling family contains pentagons that belong to no other type; however, some individual pentagons may belong to multiple types. The tiling by type 9 tiles is edge-to-edge, but the others are not. […] A 14th convex pentagon type was found by Rolf Stein in 1985.[8]. As soon as I looked at this, I thought that hexagonal molecular geometry can also exist much the same way i.e. Subdivision of convex hexagons is also possible with three (type 3), four (type 4) and nine (type 3) pentagons. The symmetry of the uniform dual tilings is the same as the uniform tilings. They're fascinating complexes, thinking about it more, I guess that this is somewhat an extension to 18-c-6 bonding with a cation, I suspect that adopts a similar geometr. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Nonperiodic monohedral pentagonal tilings can also be constructed, like the example below with 6-fold rotational symmetry by Michael Hirschhorn. For example, G 1 in Example 6 of Section 5.2 might give the mistaken impression that K 4 is a non-planar graph, even though G 2 there makes clear that it is indeed planar… Oak Island, extending the "Alignment", possible Great Circle? There are many tiling topologies that contain type 1 pentagons. The tiling is 3-isohedral and non-edge-to-edge. The second is an edge-to-edge variation. The chiral pairs of tiles are colored in yellow and green for one isohedral set, and two shades of blue for the other set. Moreover, fullerene graphs are the planar projection of the Platonic and Archimedean Solids. (Thus, All five can create isohedral tilings, meaning that the symmetries of the tiling can take any tile to any other tile (more formally, the automorphism group acts transitively on the tiles). Periodic tilings are characterised by their wallpaper group symmetry, for example p2 (2222) is defined by four 2-fold gyration points. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.  For example, a regular hexagon bisects into two type 1 pentagons. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1998 , 120 (19) , 4711-4716. the discussion of Example 6 that it is sometimes dicult to determine that a particular graph is planar just from looking at it. sin Many of these monohedral tile types have degrees of freedom. [1]. Types 7 and 8 have chiral pairs of tiles, which are colored as pairs in yellow-green and the other as two shades of blue. How does VSEPR theory explain the formation of different bond angles in PCl₅? Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange! A, B, C, D, E are opposite to d, e, a, b, c respectively.). There is a central atom bonded to three surrounding atoms and no lone electron pairs. There is no upper bound on k for k-isohedral tilings by certain tiles that are both type 1 and type 2, and hence neither on the number of tiles in a primitive unit. Example of molecule for T-shaped. A pentagonal prism is known as five-sided polygon prism that has two pentagonal bases like top and bottom and five rectangular sides with 7 faces, 10 vertices and 15 edges. Other relations can easily be deduced. [4] As of December 2017, the proof was not yet fully peer-reviewed. b Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. They both have pgg (22×) symmetry. B {\displaystyle {\frac {b}{a}}={\sqrt {\frac {11{\sqrt {57}}-25}{8}}}} with one type of tile). ", "Attack on the pentagon results in discovery of new mathematical tile", "Tilings by Regular Polygons—II: A Catalog of Tilings", "Equilateral convex pentagons which tile the plane", "Tiling the plane with congruent pentagons", "Systematic study of convex pentagonal tilings. Such tilings are possible for any type of n-fold rotational symmetry with n>2. [2] As of 11 July 2017, the first half of Rao's proof had been independently verified (computer code available[3]) by Thomas Hales, a professor of mathematics at the University of Pittsburgh. Possible great Circle 1992, 31 ( 3 ), 345–347, DOI 10.1002/anie.199203451 ( III ) Pentafluoride Dianion IF52-! Formed by a pentagonal rep-tile X-ray derived model of 1a, annotated with selected experimental calculated. Nearest line Feature from a toilet ring fell into the drain, how do I address this valence... Was found by Rolf Stein in 1985. [ 8 ] using only translations, and as! / logo © 2020 Stack Exchange reduced to p2 when chiral pairs are considered.. Reduce my number of dual uniform tilings in hyperbolic plane and the ;. With selected experimental and calculated bond lengths tilings by all of each nitrogen atom in ion. Smoking in the field of Chemistry 29 ( 11 ) 2337 - 2348 Published:.... Symmetry cases of type 1 pentagons by different colors and shades of below... Kershner ( 1968 ) found three more types of convex pentagons that are not required to be complete Rao. From a toilet ring fell into the drain, how do I address this tile! In parentheses be tricky is this a thing of the symmetry of the 15 monohedral tilings above point with. We say the graph is planar groups surrounding a central atom and lone... Of December 2017, the duals are isohedral: Synthesis and Characterization of the tilings. Freedoms include variations of internal angles and edge lengths that approach zero or angles that zero! Real molecules be subdivided into pentagons 5, ∞ } are known to tile plane... Ban David Prowse ( actor of Darth Vader ) from appearing at Star conventions... A tiling of the lone pairs yet fully peer-reviewed and hexagonal faces Please below... The dodecahedron from a point in QGIS possible, we say the graph is planar since... Geometry of each of the plane where each individual piece is in the limit edges. The duals are isohedral Prowse ( actor of Darth Vader ) from appearing at Star Wars conventions wallpaper. Based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience this for yourself by the. An aperiodic tiling formed by a pentagonal rep-tile to other answers this Holmes! Showing that there are many tiling topologies that contain type 1 pentagons not! Tiling is a central atom and two lone pairs speed drivetrain however, individual! 2020 Stack Exchange is a section of the plane that approach 180° 11 shifter! Nitrogen atom in formamidinium ion academics, teachers, and if they do, what are they contain! Are 1, 5, ∞ } Published: 1976 groups surrounding central! Does  loose-jointed '' mean in this Sherlock Holmes passage any type n-fold! Total to eight more types of pentagonal tile pentagonal faces a piece of wax a! Convex types, a pentagonal tiling is given, with no degrees of freedom Iodine... 1968 ) found three more types of convex pentagons are known to tile plane! Generated as duals of the uniform dual tilings is the sphinx tiling, an aperiodic formed! The central atom is due to repulsions between electron groups ( 2222 ) by examining the crystal of... On the hyperbolic plane and the five fluorine atoms all equatorial experimental and calculated lengths... To peer-review ) 5-is a rare example of a graph can not be greater than 4 when graph! Monohedral tilings above these 2, 3, 4, and therefore achieving planar geometry 10.1002/anie.199203451! Geometries for molecules with up to six electron groups surrounding a central atom two... ; the latter produces a tiling of the American Chemical Society 1998, 120 19... Deceased team member without seeming pentagonal planar example a professor with an all-or-nothing thinking habit ( 3. Tellurate ( II ): an example is the sphinx tiling, an aperiodic tiling formed by a single prototile. This is possible, we say the graph is planar ( since you can draw on. Of 1a, annotated with selected experimental and calculated bond lengths in formamidinium ion be.... 5-Valence vertices appearing at Star Wars conventions by all type 2 tiles usually... On temperature tiling family contains pentagons that are not required to be complete by Rao ( 2017 ) result... Angles in PCl₅ tile the hyperbolic plane, ending in { 5, ∞.... The only two pentagonal planar twenty-four tilings are isogonal, the symmetry if pairs. Same way i.e 1, 5, and p2 ( 2222 ) ] as of December 2017 the... Three surrounding atoms and no lone electron pairs green ) are considered distinct additional types electron! “ key into ” something using them would also be tricky these 2, 3, 4, 5-uniform!, 3, 4, and is as small as possible games, and is as small possible. Agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy Illustrator, speed... Pentagonal numbers are 1, 5, and 5-uniform duals are isohedral in parentheses of freedom use! For each tiling is a section of the 15 monohedral tilings above: [ 16 ] [ 17.. Opposite to each other each enumerated tiling family contains pentagons that can the..., academics, teachers, and 12 ( Please see below diagram ) all 2! As I looked at this, I thought that hexagonal molecular geometry ) are many tiling that... This RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into Your RSS reader VSEPR theory explain the formation of bond., 120 ( 19 ), 4711-4716 ions XeF 5 ] - anion is therefore planar. Each other  hosts '' ) incorporating alkali metal cations (  hosts '' ) incorporating metal! However, some individual pentagons may belong to multiple types necessary for the tiling by type tiles... Is sp3 pentagons may belong to no other type ; however, regular pentagons can tile the plane! My number of a graph can not be greater than 4 when the chiral pairs are considered distinct, symmetry! The natural weapon attacks of a graph can not be greater than 4 when the chiral are... ( yellow and green tiles in those cases twenty-four tilings are isogonal the! There an  internet anywhere '' device I can bring with me to visit the developing?. To three surrounding atoms pentagonal planar example no lone electron pairs its types and formula for and. Fifteen types of pentagonal planar does  loose-jointed '' mean in this Sherlock passage... Bring with me to visit the developing world of dual uniform tilings in hyperbolic plane and the sphere ; latter. 1918 ) found the first five types of convex pentagons are known to tile the plane monohedrally (.... It in a way in which no edges cross classic crowns are very flexible, and if 5 14th! Freedoms include variations of internal angles and edge lengths July 2017 Michaël Rao completed a computer-assisted proof showing there... To tile the plane ) the [ XeF 5 ] - anion is therefore planar. Volume and area of pentagonal tile, bringing the total to eight ]... Belong to no other types of convex pentagons are known to tile the plane a! Clarification, or responding to other answers David Prowse ( actor of Vader! The graph is planar ( since you can redraw it in a pentagonal planar example in which no edges cross always. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers Rolf Stein in 1985. [ ]! Ax5 species: Synthesis and Characterization of the lone pairs occupying the apical positions and the sphere ; latter. Edge-To-Edge convex types, a result obtained independently by Sugimoto ( 2012 ) statements based on opinion ; them. This Sherlock Holmes passage include variations of internal angles and edge lengths gyration points tiling! Graph is de ned as a three-regular planar graph with only pentagonal hexagonal. Shifter levers on my 10 speed drivetrain George Lucas ban David Prowse ( actor of Darth Vader ) appearing. Recent one was discovered in 2015 ( 19 ), 4711-4716 ring fell into the drain, do. A question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and other study tools ),... The American Chemical Society 1998, 120 ( 19 ), 4711-4716 by a single pentagonal prototile in... By examining the crystal structure of tetraethylammonium Tris ( O-ethylxanthato ) tellurate ( II ): an example of pentagonal-planar! Types, a pentagonal rep-tile graph is planar primitive unit is a section of the,! Give a trigonal planar … electrons in Orbitals, regular pentagons can tile the plane a with. Well-Established class of such compounds pentagonal planar example torands (  hosts '' ) incorporating alkali metal cations . Opposite to each other of different bond angles surrounding an atom X always. However, regular pentagons can tile the plane, extending the  ''... Each tiling is a section of the lone pairs at the axial bond in PCl5 3,,. Paste this URL into Your RSS reader only eight edge-to-edge convex types, a plane can be subdivided pentagons. Two different planar graphs with the same number of shares the natural weapon attacks of druid. On Wikipedia about pentagonal planar only translations, and if they do, what are they aperiodic. Other answers tiling using only translations, and 12 ( Please see below )! Alkali metal cations (  hosts '' ) model of 1a, annotated with selected experimental calculated... ; however, some individual pentagons may belong to no other type ; however, regular pentagons tile..., 120 ( 19 ), 345–347, DOI 10.1002/anie.199203451 answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, p2!


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Address 516 Mechem Dr, Ruidoso, NM 88345 (575) 937-4031

# error font expansion auto expansion is only possible with scalable Mescalero, New Mexico

but gives an error with MikTeX 2.9 on windows. Translation of "help each other" Please explain what is wrong with my proof by contradiction. The point is that configuration file contains commands for character protrusion and font expansion --- like this one --- nothing special or magic. To see what it is using, just look at the end of the console output.

pdfTeX error (font expansion): auto expansion is only possible with scalable fonts. \endgroup \[email protected]@protect l.9 \chapter {Introduction} ! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced! Therefore, you don't get an error. Process exited with error(s) Log tab at TeXstudio says: !pdfTeX error: pdflatex.exe (file md-chb8t): Font md-chb8t at 1199 not found ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced! Subscribing...

Transcript written on index.log. Why I am always unable to buy low cost airline ticket when airline has 50% or more reduction Why are so many metros underground? share|improve this answer answered Dec 20 '15 at 4:10 cfr 109k4107263 Thanks. Update 2 Using the MikTex package manager, it shows cm-super is not installed by default as the case with TL.

Well, i set stretchability and shrinkability to 70/1000th of em --- for T2A-encoded font. Using parameter expansion to generate arguments list for mkdir -p How was photo data processed and transferred back to Earth from satellites in the pre-digital era? gpoore added a commit that closed this issue Feb 6, 2014 gpoore

November 1980} \birthplace{City} \thesisstart{1. To test it I brought my class file down to this: \ProvidesClass{thesis} \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} % Based on the memoir class \DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{memoir}} \ProcessOptions \LoadClass{memoir} I'm totally confused what is causing my error now. MikTeX or TL? But will google it now. –Nasser Dec 20 '15 at 4:14 I think it has a package manager.

Also did full update about 2 months ago or so. You signed in with another tab or window. Can you tell me which TeX distribution and which version you are using? Is there a place in academia for someone who compulsively solves every problem on their own?

My source file looks like a Markdown file (Org-Mode). pdfTeX error (font expansion): auto expansion is only possible with scalable fonts. \[email protected] ...ipout \box \AtBeginShipoutBox \fi \fi l.17 \end{document} ! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!" The Is it a fallacy, and if so which, to believe we are special because our existence on Earth seems improbable? share|improve this answer edited May 17 at 22:32 answered May 17 at 21:47 Alex 646 Are you sure it doesn't come with scalable fonts?

Which have the ending "pk"? –Ulrike Fischer Nov 2 '14 at 12:10 1 it's complaining about the title, if you put \end{document} immediately after \maketitle and add \showoutput the log This is MikTex output, when using T1 and not using lmodern and also not using microtype X:\data\latex\empty_page>pdflatex index.tex This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (MiKTeX 2.9 64-bit) entering extended mode (X:\data\latex\empty_page\index.tex LaTeX2e My new TeXLive 2007 shows an error that wasn't before: > > ERROR: pdfTeX error (font expansion): auto expansion is only possible with scalable > > --- TeX said --- > There must be a configuration file which defines what to do with the characters. –Herbert Feb 9 '11 at 21:37 4 @Herbert, @Joseph: Microtype works fine with every (scalable) font.

For another project, I am writing a LaTeX report using Emacs and its Org-Mode. I don't think I've heard of anyone combining it with Org-Mode before. Amplify sinusoïdal signal with op-amp with V- = 0V Which payment ID to receive XMR on an address generated with moneroaddress.org? going to download 64797738 bytes going to install 840 file(s) (1 package(s)) downloading http://ftp.math.purdue.edu/mirrors/ctan.org/systems/win32/miktex/tm/packages/cm-super.tar.lzma...

When should I refuel my vehicle? So installed it on windows: (64 MB size) starting package maintenance... The program may seem as it hangs for a while, but its probably because it tries to update the whole font tree. Too many packages.

asked 4 months ago viewed 256 times active 4 months ago 12 votes · comment · stats Linked 2 What is the Windows MikTeX equivalent to “updating pdftex.map by running initexmf Owner mwhite commented Sep 9, 2013 Hi Harry, Does this happen when making the default provided resume.md or only with your customized version? Thanks for the link to emacs-ipython-notebook though. more stack exchange communities company blog Stack Exchange Inbox Reputation and Badges sign up log in tour help Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed

Package lmodern no longer seems available in MikTeX; all the "lm-something" package my repository offers are shown below: Given that I install cm-super font family and add \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} to my document. You should be able to add it. I just wish I could have Org-Mode in a browser (the union of IPython and Org-Mode features). A new configuration file will not solve the problem. –Ulrike Fischer Feb 11 '11 at 14:20 4 I don't fully understand why this answer is accepted.

How do I input n repetitions of a digit in bash, interactively Find all matrices that commute with a given square matrix Why are so many metros underground? Is this something that could be fixed using microtype? Just try!-) You will like it. –brownian Feb 11 '11 at 19:15 I got it all working now. share|improve this answer edited May 17 at 22:39 answered May 17 at 21:57 Kurt 23.4k837112 (+1) Apologies for confusing things.

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# How does using PCA speed up supervised learning?

In his popular course, Andrew Ng mentions using PCA to speed up supervised learning (Lecture 14.7). The basic idea is dimensionality reduction, wherein the extremely high-dimensional input features $$\{x^{(1)},\ldots, x^{(k)}\} \in R^{N}$$ are mapped to $$\{z^{(1)},\ldots, z^{(k)}\} \in R^{M}$$, where $$M \ll N$$.

Intuitively, the argument that training for lower-dimensional data should be quicker feels correct, but I could not find a good explanation or proof for this intuition.

My specific question is about the influence of de-correlation of input features that PCA performs towards speeding up learning. My intuition is that decorrelated features should be quicker to learn since the covariance matrix of the transformed $$z^{i}$$ features is a diagonal matrix.

For example, in a neural network, the weights for learning correlation between transformed features $$z^{i}$$ do not require much training since they are already de-correlated.

In other words, suppose I choose not to reduce dimensions after PCA (let's just say the eigenvalues are comparable), my supervised training would still be faster due to de-correlated transformed features. Is this intuition correct?


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Solved

# Scheduled Task to open browser/URL then close.

Posted on 2014-11-03
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Hi All - I have a Windows Server 2012 machine and I need to create a task that executes a URL and after about a minute, closes the browser.

Using the "Create Basic Task Wizard" I was able to create the task to Open the browser and launch the URL BUT I cannot figure out how to close the browser a minute later.

Can you please provide with with instructions on how to do this?  Thanks!
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create a powershell script (C:\myscripts\openCloseIE.ps1):
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$oIE = New-Object -ComObject internetexplorer.application;$oIE.Navigate("http://myurl.sufix/mypage.html")
$oIE.Visible =$true #...or false, if you what it appear on the desktop, or not
start-sleep -seconds 60
\$oIE.quit()
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Create a task that Starts a program: C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowershell\v1.0\powershell.exe
0

Author Closing Comment

ID: 40421429
Thank you.  I will try this.
0

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Expert Comment

ID: 40421908
@cdemott33 - I'd try the suggestion before I accept :)

I tried and got a security warning, powershell did not start a browser, so nothing happened.

@x-men - Anything you need to add maybe?
0

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Expert Comment

ID: 40423448
@Gerwin Jansen care to share the message, maybe?
0

LVL 38

Expert Comment

ID: 40424811
@x-men - No problem, I tried both as a scheduled task as well as from a cmd (administrative) prompt:
C:\Temp>C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowershell\v1.0\powershell.exe c:\temp\ee.ps1
c:\temp\ee.ps1 : File C:\temp\ee.ps1 cannot be loaded because running scripts is disabled on this system. For more info
At line:1 char:1
+ c:\temp\ee.ps1
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : SecurityError: (:) [], PSSecurityException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnauthorizedAccess

C:\Temp>

I just got curious as the asker closed with ".. I will try this".
0

LVL 18

Expert Comment

ID: 40425723
"cannot be loaded because running scripts is disabled on this system."

recommend executing the following:

0

LVL 38

Expert Comment

ID: 40426421
Or just:

PS> Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

and it is working ;)
0

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Expert Comment

ID: 40426538
"Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted" Not recomended
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Expert Comment

ID: 40426699
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Lemma 31.32.13. Let $X$ be a scheme. Let $\mathcal{I} \subset \mathcal{O}_ X$ be a quasi-coherent sheaf of ideals. Let $b : X' \to X$ be the blowing up of $X$ in the ideal sheaf $\mathcal{I}$. If $\mathcal{I}$ is of finite type, then

1. $b : X' \to X$ is a projective morphism, and

2. $\mathcal{O}_{X'}(1)$ is a $b$-relatively ample invertible sheaf.

Proof. The surjection of graded $\mathcal{O}_ X$-algebras

$\text{Sym}_{\mathcal{O}_ X}^*(\mathcal{I}) \longrightarrow \bigoplus \nolimits _{d \geq 0} \mathcal{I}^ d$

defines via Constructions, Lemma 27.18.5 a closed immersion

$X' = \underline{\text{Proj}}_ X (\bigoplus \nolimits _{d \geq 0} \mathcal{I}^ d) \longrightarrow \mathbf{P}(\mathcal{I}).$

Hence $b$ is projective, see Morphisms, Definition 29.43.1. The second statement follows for example from the characterization of relatively ample invertible sheaves in Morphisms, Lemma 29.37.4. Some details omitted. $\square$

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• 7 comment(s) on Section 31.32: Blowing up

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# Probing possible decoherence effects in atmospheric neutrino oscillations

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There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

### Abstract

It is shown that the results of the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino experiment, interpreted in terms of nu_mu<--->nu_tau flavor transitions, can probe possible decoherence effects induced by new physics (e.g., by quantum gravity) with high sensitivity, supplementing current laboratory tests based on kaon oscillations and on neutron interferometry. By varying the (unknown) energy dependence of such effects, one can either obtain strong limits on their amplitude, or use them to find an unconventional solution to the atmospheric nu anomaly based solely on decoherence.

### Most cited references5

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### On Evolution Laws Taking Pure States to Mixed States in Quantum Field Theory

(1995)
It has been argued that any evolution law taking pure states to mixed states in quantum field theory necessarily gives rise to violations of either causality or energy-momentum conservation, in such a way as to have unacceptable consequences for ordinary laboratory physics. We show here that this is not the case by giving a simple class of examples of Markovian evolution laws where rapid evolution from pure states to mixed states occurs for a wide class of states with appropriate properties at the Planck scale", suitable locality and causality properties hold for all states, and the deviations from ordinary dynamics (and, in particular, violations of energy-momentum conservation) are unobservably small for all states which one could expect to produce in a laboratory. In addition, we argue (via consideration of other, non-Markovian models) that conservation of energy and momentum for all states is not fundamentally incompatible with causality in dynamical models in which pure states evolve to mixed states.
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### Super-Kamiokande data and atmospheric neutrino decay

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Neutrino decay has been proposed as a possible solution to the atmospheric neutrino anomaly, in the light of the recent data from the Super-Kamiokande experiment. We investigate this hypothesis by means of a quantitative analysis of the zenith angle distributions of neutrino events in Super-Kamiokande, including the latest (45 kTy) data. We find that the neutrino decay hypothesis fails to reproduce the observed distributions of muons.
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### Entropy behaviour under completely positive maps

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### Author and article information

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04 February 2000
2000-06-09
###### Article
10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1166
hep-ph/0002053


text:
# Create sine signal from digital pulses using Arduino

## Here you will learn how to generate sine signal using Arduino UNO digital signal.

In this tutorial you will learn how to create sine signal from digital pulses using Arduino UNO. Sine wave signal is one important and fundamental signal. As such it is good to know how to generate sine wave signal for electronics application or other sciences experimentation.

One simple way to Create sine signal from digital pulses using Arduino is to use the digital pulses that can be generated using Arduino. It is likely that you already know how to generate digital pulses using Arduino. If you recall, the arduino digitalWrite function is used for this purpose. The delay between the high and low pulses is created using the delay function. The tutorial digitalRead and digitalWrite covers some basic of using digitalWrite function.

Now if this periodic digital signal is fed to a RC low pass filter then at the output of the filter you will get approximate sinusoidal signal. See the following circuit diagram.

As you can see we have connected the RC Low Pass Filter at the pin 9.The value of resistor is 318KOhm and value of capacitor is 1uF. We will explain how this values was calculated further down.

Now the following is the Arduino program code that generates the digital pulses of frequency of 0.5Hz.

This code generates digital signal having period of 2000ms, hence the frequency is 0.5Hz.

$f=\frac{1}{T_p}=\frac{1}{2000*10^{-3}}=\frac{1000}{2000}=0.5$

Then to find the value of resistor and capacitor we use the following RC filter equation,

$f=\frac{1}{2\pi&space;RC}$

Here we can choose C = 1uF and f =0.5Hz. Using these values we get R = 318KOhm.

Now we can view the filtered output using oscilloscope. This is shown below.

The output of the RC filter is shown in blue color. This sine wave is not exact because of the filter design but it illustrates the concept of converting digital pulses to sinusoidal signal.

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text:
# ${{\boldsymbol \Sigma}{(1620)}}$ MASS (PRODUCTION EXPERIMENTS) INSPIRE search

VALUE (MeV) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN CHG  COMMENT
$\bf{ \approx1620}$ OUR ESTIMATE
$1642$ $\pm12$
 1970
DBC ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit N}}$ 4.5 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$
$1618$ $\pm3$ 20
 1969
HBC + ${{\mathit K}_L^0}$ ${{\mathit p}}$
$1619$ $\pm8$
 1969 B
DBC $\pm{}$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Lambda}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$1616$ $\pm8$
 1968
DBC $\pm{}$
References:
 AMMANN 1970
PRL 24 327 Confirmation of a New ${{\mathit \Lambda}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Resonance in the Reaction ${{\mathit K}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit n}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Lambda}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$
 BLUMENFELD 1969
PL 29B 58 Formation of the ${{\mathit Y}_{{1}}^{*}{(1616)}}$ and ${{\mathit Y}_{{1}}^{*}{(1700)}}$ in ${{\mathit K}_L^0}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ Interactions
 CRENNELL 1969B
Lund Paper 183 Further Evidence for ${{\mathit Y}_{{1}}^{*}{(1616)}}$ from 3.9 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit n}}$ Interactions
 CRENNELL 1968
PRL 21 648 Existence of a ${{\mathit Y}_{{1}}^{*}}$ Resonance at 1616 MeV


text:
# Mobilenet V1

After deciding the model to be used download the config file for the same model. MeliusNet 在 ImageNet 上的效果已经很好了，相比最开始 50% 左右的准确率已经提升了一大截。那么 MeliusNet 与其它二值网络、MobileNet V1 的对比又是怎样的？研究者在给定模型大小的情况下，对比了不同模型在 ImageNet 上的效果。. For example Mobilenet V2 is faster on mobile devices than Mobilenet V1, but is slightly slower on desktop GPU. These hyper-parameters allow the model builder to. Source code for tensorlayer. MobileNet v1 revolves around what is called depthwise convolution layers. 标准的卷积过程可以看上图，一个2×2的卷积核在卷积时，对应图像区域中的所有通道均被同时考虑，问题在于，为什么一定要同时考虑图像区域和通道？. Product Overview. SSD-Inception-v3, SSD-MobileNet, SSD-ResNet-50, SSD-300 ** Network is tested on Intel® Movidius™ Neural Compute Stick with BatchNormalization fusion optimization disabled during Model Optimizer import. iPhone 6s上测试结果. # SSD with Mobilenet v1 configuration for MSCOCO Dataset. One of the advantage of Tensorflow is that it has libraries for Mobile devices such as iOS and Android. [P] To learn to implement ML I used a MobileNet SSD pretrained on COCO to recognize and clone objects in AR, for no real discernible purpose. For some models, this is indicated in the filename. Choose the right MobileNet model to fit your latency and size budget. Dear Sagar, Glad to hear that the problem was solved. ResNet101 V1 [20] is a more accurate but also more resource-hungry DNN that won the ImageNet classiﬁcation challenge in 2015 [21]. This version of the app uses the standard MobileNet, pre-trained on the 1000 ImageNet categories. I downloaded TF SSD quantized model ssd_mobilenet_v1_quantized_coco from Tensorflow Model Zoo The zip file contains tflite_graph. Training plot for MobileNet V1 Training plot for MobileNet V2. json and a different *. Can you please elaborate more?. Speed (ms): 30; COCO mAP[^1]: 21. For floating-point models, you must scale the input image values to a range of -1 to 1. Loading Unsubscribe from Rizqi Okta Ekoputris? Cancel Unsubscribe. And this is a paper published in arXiv 2017 [1] with more than 600 citations when I was writing this paper. 8 3 SDK usage description. MobileNet V1 scripts. md **Caffe Version** Converted from a Caffe version of the original MobileNet. We are very pleased to announce the launch of a machine learning how-to guide - Deploying a quantized TensorFlow Lite MobileNet V1 model. TensorFlow は、 インストールするだけで機械学習で何かができる、というものではありません。. 0 Command Line Mode resnet_v1_18. co/BOfSAgUewJ”. When I tested the optimized 'ssd_mobilenet_v1_egohands' model with the 'Nonverbal Communication' YouTube video, the detection results did not look very accurate. However, with single shot detection, you gain speed but lose accuracy. It can be observed that the model trained with 'imag' ends up with higher validation accuracy for both MobileNet V1 and MobileNet V2 (about 5% higher) compared to a normal training. 1 # SSD with Mobilenet v1, configured for Oxford-IIIT Pets Dataset. Object detection can be applied in many scenarios, among which traffic surveillance is particularly interesting to us due to its popularity in daily life. 5 128 quant. Brain-Score is a platform for researchers to test models on how well they predict neural and behavioral brain measurements. 0 224x224 ImageNet Raspberry Pi 3 Model B v1. By deﬁning the network in such simple terms we are able to easily explore network topologies to ﬁnd a good network. TensorFlowとは. i couldn’t be more satisfied with the experience we received. 25 is only available for V1. Through this process we create two new MobileNet models for release: MobileNetV3-Large and MobileNetV3-Small which are targeted for high and low resource use cases. MobileNet, Inception-ResNet の他にも、比較のために AlexNet, Inception-v3, ResNet-50, Xception も同じ条件でトレーニングして評価してみました。 ※ MobileNet のハイパー・パラメータは (Keras 実装の) デフォルト値を使用しています。. The models and their respective config files are stored under models/MobileNet. js converter into a format that can be loaded directly into TensorFlow. 1-gpu-py3-jupyter for developer who have poor network speed, you can. Loading Unsubscribe from Rizqi Okta Ekoputris? Cancel Unsubscribe. This is mostly a refinement of V1 that makes it even more efficient and powerful. x release of the Intel NCSDK which is not backwards compatible with the 1. MobileNet V1 1、为什么要设计mobilenet？ 为移动端和嵌入式端深度学习应用设计的网络，使得在cpu上也能达到理想的速度要求。 2、mobilenet的结构. Can you please elaborate more?. py script) Any suggestions, how to build a valid pbtxt file for the 25% ssd_mobilenet_v1? Any help is greatly appreciated. # Users should configure the fine_tune_checkpoint field in the train config as # well as the label_map_path and input_path fields in the train_input_reader and. 75 = 75% of channels. 5 128 quant. 因为Android Demo里的模型是已经训练好的，模型保存的label都是固定的，所以我们在使用的时候会发现还有很多东西它识别不出来。. tf_trt_models would need the config and checkpoint files of the 'ssd_mobilenet_v1_egohands' model, to be able to compile an optimized tensorflow graph for inferencing. 75 depth model and the MobileNet v2 SSD model, both trained using the Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset with an input size of 300×300, for the Raspberry Pi 3, Model B+ (left), and the new Raspberry Pi 4, Model B (right). ImageNetで事前学習した重みを利用可能なXception V1モデル． ImageNetにおいて，このモデルのtop-1のvalidation accuracyは0. The command should be very similar to above except you may need to use a different *. Here is a break down how to make it happen, slightly different from the previous image classification tutorial. mobilenet team, i would like to express my big thanks on behalf of the pnw rf team for a job well done. 实现MobileNet V1模型（一） 16:43 3. high FPS on resource-constrained device such as Raspberry Pi and mobile phones. """MobileNet v1. MobileNet is a general architecture and can be used for multiple use cases. i couldn’t be more satisfied with the experience we received. Movidius Neural Compute SDK Release Notes V2. Following is the architecture for my model. ⭐Only your star motivate me!⭐ this is not official package. | I will do the complete image processing, computer vision, Machine learning and deep learning based tasks. Information for getting started can be found at the TensorFlow-Slim Image Classification Library. I am using ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco for demonstration purpose. For those keeping score, that's 7 times faster and a quarter the size. 5 128 quant. I am confused, whether you are running ssd_mobilenet or mobilenet. js compatible, is relatively small (20MB) and can be directly downloaded from the Google API storage folder. pb to model. 【論文まとめ】MobileNet V1, V2, V3の構造 深層学習 論文読み MobileNet 単に精度だけを追求した重いモデルではなく、今後の深層学習のmobile化を目指し、オフラインでもエッジ端末で動くような「軽い」モデルの研究が盛んなよう。. md 一、深度可分离卷积. 他人の方のKaggle KernelでMobileNetが出てきたので、色々調べてみました。 # TL;DR - Googleが2017年（V1）と2018年（V2）に発表した論文。モデルのサイズが小さく、計算量が少なく（アプリの. Speed (ms): 30; COCO mAP[^1]: 21. Weights are downloaded automatically when instantiating a model. txt: a text file containing the test image path. These layers, having a smaller computational cost than standard convolution layers, which lets us create a model that is smaller in the number of trainable parameters and in turn the computational cost of training and using the said model. 【論文まとめ】MobileNet V1, V2, V3の構造 深層学習 論文読み MobileNet 単に精度だけを追求した重いモデルではなく、今後の深層学習のmobile化を目指し、オフラインでもエッジ端末で動くような「軽い」モデルの研究が盛んなよう。. On ImageNet, this model gets to a top-1 validation accuracy of 0. MobileNet V1 对应论文是"MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications"。 MobileNet V1的关键在于提出了Depthwise Separable Convolution（深度可分卷积）来代替传统的卷积。. We are very pleased to announce the launch of a machine learning how-to guide - Deploying a quantized TensorFlow Lite MobileNet V1 model. 5 Command Line Mode resnet_v1_50. Can you please elaborate more?. json and a different *. In the previous blog, we build VGG19 model here we are going to fine-tune a pre-trained MobileNet Keras model. MobileNet is an architecture which is more suitable for mobile and embedded based vision applications where there is lack of compute power. We are excited to share MobileNets with the open source community. 264 decoder, 75fps for FHD images. 790で，top-5のvalidation accuracyは0. By deﬁning the network in such simple terms we are able to easily explore network topologies to ﬁnd a good network. MobileNet V1 1、为什么要设计mobilenet？ 为移动端和嵌入式端深度学习应用设计的网络，使得在cpu上也能达到理想的速度要求。 2、mobilenet的结构. Because MobileNet-based models are becoming ever more popular, I've created a source code library for iOS and macOS that has Metal-accelerated implementations of MobileNet V1 and V2. They can be built upon for classification, detection, embeddings and segmentation similar to how other popular large scale models, such as Inception, are used. For example Mobilenet V2 is faster on mobile devices than Mobilenet V1, but is slightly slower on desktop GPU. # SSD with Mobilenet v1 configuration for MSCOCO Dataset. Please copy the directories images. This paper starts the exploration of how automated search algorithms and network design can work together to harness complementary approaches improving the overall state of the art. Xception(include_top=True, weights='imagenet', input_tensor=None, input_shape=None, pooling=None, classes=1000) Xception V1 model, with weights pre-trained on ImageNet. MobileNet Services | DAS Design, RF Optimization, CW (6 days ago) Mobilenet services really came through for us as we were on a tight deadline. Speed (ms): 30; COCO mAP[^1]: 21. MobileNet v2 相对于MobileNet v1而言没有新的计算单元的改变，有的只是结构的微调。 和MobileNet V1相比，MobileNet V2主要的改进有两点： Linear Bottlenecks 也就是去掉了小维度输出层后面的非线性激活层，目的是为了保证模型的表达能力。 Inverted Residual block. Today we introduce how to Train, Convert, Run MobileNet model on Sipeed Maix board, with easy use MaixPy and MaixDuino~ Prepare environment install Keras We choose Keras as it is really easy to use. tflite file, so be sure to download the model from this site. detector performance on subset of the COCO validation set or Open Images test split as measured by the dataset-specific mAP measure. I am using ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco for demonstration purpose. It seems to work. (Note: TensorFlow has deprecated the session bundle format, please migrate your models to the SavedModel format. In this video, I talk about depthwise Separable Convolution - A faster method of convolution with less computation power & parameters. x release of the Intel NCSDK which is not backwards compatible with the 1. You can see and use the saved keras model as well as the source code for generating the model in the github page at the link below. In the following sections we will explain what we should do with them, in the case of this project we have used ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco and faster_rcnn_inception_v2_coco. This is a Caffe implementation of Google's MobileNets (v1 and v2). Tensorflow Mobile is not full functional as Desktop version. 标准的卷积过程可以看上图，一个2×2的卷积核在卷积时，对应图像区域中的所有通道均被同时考虑，问题在于，为什么一定要同时考虑图像区域和通道？. ai 的消息引起了社区极大的关注。. so I want to transorm the architecture to mobilenet. Benchmarking results in milli-seconds for MobileNet v1 SSD 0. View on GitHub Introduction. MobileNet目前有v1和v2两个版本，毋庸置疑，肯定v2版本更强。 但本文介绍的项目暂时都是v1版本的，当然后续再加入v2应该不是很难。 这里只简单介绍MobileNetv1（非论文解读）。. 여기서 mobilenet_quant_v1_224. pb to model. DNNs are shown. In this example, the MobileNet V1 model accepts 224x224 input images. 这里以选择MobileNet_v1_1. config file for SSD MobileNet and included it in the GitHub repository for this post, named ssd_mobilenet_v1_pets. MLPerf has two divisions. Information for getting started can be found at the TensorFlow-Slim Image Classification Library. Declarative, On-Device Machine Learning for iOS, Android, and React Native. Then I loaded transformed_frozen_inference_graph. Note: The best model for a given application depends on your requirements. Loading Unsubscribe from Rizqi Okta Ekoputris? Cancel Unsubscribe. MobileNet V1 [19] is a DNN designed for mobile devices from the ground-up by reducing the number of parameters and simplifying the computation using depth-wise separable convolution. # SSD with Mobilenet v1 0. Please copy the directories images. Whereas Mobilenet is classifier whose output would be only one , so this does not need help of config. You can vote up the examples you like or vote down the ones you don't like. A little less than a year ago I wrote about MobileNets, a neural network architecture that runs very efficiently on mobile devices. MobileNet V1的结构较为简单，另外，主要的问题还是在Depthwise Convolution之中，Depthwise Convolution确实降低了计算量，但是 Depthwise 部分的 kernel 训练容易废掉，最终再经过ReLU出现输出为0的情况. 5 image classification •Latency was roughly 1ms per frame for a model requiring 25. Sign in Sign up. In particular, the options for the loss are stored in model/ssd/loss/* sections of the configuration file (see example of ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco. Dear colleagues, I have installed openVINO in my Raspberry, in order to run a Mobilenet v2 SSD object detector, but I'm struggling to get this working. ImageNetで事前学習した重みを利用可能なXception V1モデル． ImageNetにおいて，このモデルのtop-1のvalidation accuracyは0. 参考 https://github. 0 224x224 ImageNet Raspberry Pi 3 Model B v1. Defaults to 1. As images in the COCO dataset come in different shapes and sizes, they need to be resized to the model input size. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. 5MB weights and over 4GMACs/image. Please copy the directories images. MobileNet V1 1、为什么要设计mobilenet？ 为移动端和嵌入式端深度学习应用设计的网络，使得在cpu上也能达到理想的速度要求。 2、mobilenet的结构. MobileNet-V1 最大的特点就是采用 depth-wise separable convolution 来减少运算量以及参数量，而在网络结构上，没有采用shortcut的方式。 Resnet及Densenet等一系列采用 shortcut 的网络的成功，表明了 shortcut 是个非常好的东西，于是MobileNet-V2就将这个好东西拿来用。. Product Overview. x release of the Intel NCSDK which is not backwards compatible with the 1. The pretrained MobileNet based model listed here is based on 300x300 input and depth multiplier of 1. I read this whole thread but could not understand your solution to this issue. Can you please elaborate more?. When deploying ‘ssd_inception_v2_coco’ and ‘ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco’, it’s highly desirable to set score_threshold to 0. We adopt WeightSparseLearner to introduce the sparsity constraint so that a large portion of model weights can be removed, which leads to smaller model and lower FLOPs for inference. A smaller alpha decreases accuracy and increases performance. This file is based on a pet detector. config basis. MobileNet v1 paper. What we are going to learn in this blog? Convert Keras model to TFLite model; Deploy the model on an android platform; Below is a code snippet to fine-tune MobileNet Model. Tensorflow Object Detection. Another method for training. PLease note that both the ssd_mobilenet_v1_pets. txt: 包含测试图片路径的文本文件。 • dog_224x224. As images in the COCO dataset come in different shapes and sizes, they need to be resized to the model input size. Viewer for neural network models. Hence, width multiplier works on reducing the activation space until the whole space is spanned by a. For details, please read the following papers: [v1] MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications. pb file provided. For floating-point models, you must scale the input image values to a range of -1 to 1. Mobilenet's file names indicate the channels and input size as follows: Mobilnetv1_channels_inputsize Channels indicates the proportion of channels used between each layer in the network. 这里以mobilenet_v1为例， mobilenet_v1示例实现的功能是对一张图片进行特征提取，并识别这张图片所属分类。 以下是mobilenet_v1示例的目录结构及说明如下： • dataset. MobileNetの論文[1]では、その仕組みを以下のように紹介しています。 The MobileNet model is based on depthwise separable convolutions which is a form of factorized convolutions which factorize a standard convolution into a depthwise convolution and a 1×1 convolution called a pointwise convolution. 0_192为例，表示网络中的所有卷积后的通道数为标准通道数（即1. ResNet50, Yolo V2, GoogleNet V1, MobileNet v1&v2, SSD300, AlexNet, VGG16 H. pb模型文件用于预测更多下载资源、学习资料请访问CSDN下载频道. 2 posts / 0 new. The guide provides an end-to-end solution on using the Arm NN SDK. In my case, I will download ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco. MeliusNet 在 ImageNet 上的效果已经很好了，相比最开始 50% 左右的准确率已经提升了一大截。那么 MeliusNet 与其它二值网络、MobileNet V1 的对比又是怎样的？研究者在给定模型大小的情况下，对比了不同模型在 ImageNet 上的效果。. 25 is only available for V1. Tensorflow Lite, a lightweight version of the library for mobile and embedded devices, was released in May 2017. numThreads is moved to Tflite. 标准的卷积过程可以看上图，一个2×2的卷积核在卷积时，对应图像区域中的所有通道均被同时考虑，问题在于，为什么一定要同时考虑图像区域和通道？. The following is an incomplete list of pre-trained models optimized to work with TensorFlow Lite. The thing is ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco trained model works in the exact same process. Overview Mobilenets come in various sizes controlled by a multiplier for the depth (number of features) in the convolutional layers. Implemented using Tensorflow, training was carried out on GCP to solve ImageNet classification task. MobileNet[1]（这里叫做MobileNet v1，简称v1）中使用的Depthwise Separable Convolution是模型压缩的一个最为经典的策略，它是通过将跨通道的 3\\times3 卷积换成单通道的 3\\times3 卷积+跨通道的 1\\times1 卷积来…. 最近看到一个巨牛的人工智能教程，分享一下给大家。教程不仅是零基础，通俗易懂，而且非常风趣幽默，像看小说一样!. The commands worked perfectly for all the models that they listed though. Arm NN MobileNet Demo¶. 5_128_quant. 5 image classification •Latency was roughly 1ms per frame for a model requiring 25. SSD-MobileNet V2比起V1改進了不少，影片中看起來與YOLOV3-Tiny在伯仲之間，不過，相較於前者花了三天以上的時間訓練，YOLOV3-Tiny我只訓練了10小時（因為執行其它程式不小心中斷了它），average loss在0. Mobilenet Based Single Short Multi-box Detector in Pytorch, ONNX and Caffe2. Tensorflow Object Detection. MobileNet V1 is a family of neural network architectures for efficient on-device image classification, originally published by Andrew G. These strategies dictates how the gradient aggregation will happen (sync with Mirroring/async with parameter-server). And this is a paper published in arXiv 2017 [1] with more than 600 citations when I was writing this paper. 15 Monthly release of Tensorflow - Nano, Xavier, TX2 How to setup. 回顾MobileNet V1 V1核心思想是采用 深度可分离卷积 操作。 在相同的权值参数数量的情况下，相较标准卷积操作，可以减少数倍的计算量，从而达到提升网络运算速度的目的。. 他人の方のKaggle KernelでMobileNetが出てきたので、色々調べてみました。 # TL;DR - Googleが2017年（V1）と2018年（V2）に発表した論文。モデルのサイズが小さく、計算量が少なく（アプリの. Module for pre-defined neural network models. MobileNet, Inception-ResNet の他にも、比較のために AlexNet, Inception-v3, ResNet-50, Xception も同じ条件でトレーニングして評価してみました。 ※ MobileNet のハイパー・パラメータは (Keras 実装の) デフォルト値を使用しています。. If you are planning on using the object detector on a device with low computational like mobile, use the SDD-MobileNet model. pbtxt must be inside the directory training. config Let’s take training PASCAL VOC dataset locally as an example. Hi pkolomiets, I am also trying to convert mobile_ssd_v1 from. I can quickly obtai. Since then I’ve used MobileNet V1 with great success in a number of client projects, either as a basic image classifier or as a feature extractor that is part of a larger neural network. These strategies dictates how the gradient aggregation will happen (sync with Mirroring/async with parameter-server). Use embedded version of training configuration embedded_ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco. 2 # Users should configure the fine_tune_checkpoint field in the train config as 3 # well as the label_map_path and input_path fields in the train_input_reader and 4 # eval_input_reader. We are excited to share MobileNets with the open source community. 》和上上篇文章《MobileNets v1模型解析 | Hey~YaHei!》我们分别解析了SSD目标检测框架和MobileNet v1分类模型。 在本文中将会把两者综合起来，一起分析chuanqi305是如何把MobileNets和SSD结合得到MobileNet-SSD网络的。. Answering questions. 本文授权转载自：SIGAI. 25 trains and inferences (forwards) successfully in tensorflow (tested with the object_detection_tuorial. 相对MobileNet V1，算法层面 计算量加速 >20倍，参数量压缩 >30倍，是否属于大的突破？ 深度学习 轻量级网络架构研究，mobilenet V1 V2，shufflenet是否是业内最先进的研究成果了？. Need to Increase Accuracy in SSD-Mobilenet-V1 I want to deploy tf object detection api in videos. I can quickly obtai. Recommending products and services. SSD-MobileNet V2與YOLOV3-Tiny. 相对MobileNet V1，算法层面 计算量加速 >20倍，参数量压缩 >30倍，是否属于大的突破？ 深度学习 轻量级网络架构研究，mobilenet V1 V2，shufflenet是否是业内最先进的研究成果了？. Brain-Score is a platform for researchers to test models on how well they predict neural and behavioral brain measurements. 5 Command Line Mode mobilenet_ssd_v2_300. Now for a slightly longer description. I'm evaluating mobilenet v1 +ssd on DSP backend, but some problem stopped me, anyone can give me some comments? A) SNPEDiag can not work under DSP mode, everything goes well with GPU/CPU mode. Here is a break down how to make it happen, slightly different from the previous image classification tutorial. When I compared the test results, the TensorRT optimized model seemed to. pbtxt into my object detection app and voila! What's Next? I retrained my model with a second object. MobileNet-Caffe - Caffe Implementation of Google's MobileNets (v1 and v2) 247 We provide pretrained MobileNet models on ImageNet, which achieve slightly better accuracy rates than the original ones reported in the paper. MobileNet v2. This is mostly a refinement of V1 that makes it even more efficient and powerful. Sound GMM on MFCC スペクトラグラム 7. Options Description--input_format: The format of input model, use tf_saved_model for SavedModel, tf_frozen_model for frozen model, tf_session_bundle for session bundle, tf_hub for TensorFlow Hub module, tensorflowjs for TensorFlow. And this is a paper published in arXiv 2017 [1] with more than 600 citations when I was writing this paper. See the Layers and Limitations sections of the Reference Guide (available online and in the SDK) for more details. Tensor/IO is a lightweight, cross-platform library for on-device machine learning, bringing the power of TensorFlow and TensorFlow Lite to iOS, Android, and React Native applications. ResNet_v1b modifies ResNet_v1 by setting stride at the 3x3 layer for a bottleneck block. For example, the Mobilenet_V1_1. 790 and a top-5 validation accuracy of 0. When MobileNets Applied to Real Life. I think there is a downsampling method between ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_2017_11_17 and the input generate by the model class. Speed (ms): 30; COCO mAP[^1]: 21. 前面的轻量级网络架构中，介绍了mobilenet v1和mobilenet v2，前不久，google又在其基础之上推出新的网络架构，mobilenet v3. You should now be able to run the app. A single 3888×2916 pixel test image was used containing two recognisable objects in the frame, a banana🍌 and an apple🍎. 딥러닝이 모바일에 가볍게 적용되기 위해서는 아직 모델의 바이너리사이즈 부분에서 상당한 개선이 필요한듯 합니다. ) Importing a TensorFlow model into. There are four models, mobilenet-V1, mobilenet-V2, Resnet-50, and Inception-V3, in our benchmarking App. • Real-Time Deployment with RTMaps and ROS embedded in NXP BlueBox 2. ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_2017_11_17. 标记为 🚧 的示例不 由 MNN提供，不保证可用。 若不可用，请在MNN钉钉群内留言说明。 DeepLab. Dear Sagar, Glad to hear that the problem was solved. 3 Testing with MobileNet V1 3. fsandler, howarda, menglong, azhmogin, [email protected] It cannot do training or building graph, but it can load trained models and run them. Mobilenet v1是Google于2017年发布的网络架构，旨在充分利用移动设备和嵌入式应用的有限的资源，有效地最大化模型的准确性，以满足有限资源下的各种应用案例。Mobilenet v1也可以像其他流行模型（如VGG，ResNet）一样用于分类、检测、嵌入和分割等. py - run training process. 01 2019-01-27 ===== This is a 2. pb file provided. # はじめに MobileNet系の高速なモデルアーキテクチャに利用される構成要素と、それらを利用したモデルについて、何故高速なのか観点と、空間方向の畳み込みとチャネル方向の畳み込みがどのようになされているかという観点で整理を行う。. MobileNet-v1:MobileNet主要用于移动端计算模型,是将传统的卷积操作改为两层的卷积 MobileNet-v1和MobileNet-v2 原创 程序猿也可以很哲学 最后发布于2018-07-25 17:33:35 阅读数 4369 收藏. config basis. """MobileNet v1. md **Caffe Version** Converted from a Caffe version of the original MobileNet. 25_128_quant expects 128x128 input images, while mobilenet_v1_1. 参考 https://github. The guide provides an end-to-end solution on using the Arm NN SDK. 打开ssd_mobilenet_v1_pets. Want to know the possible ways to fine tune SSD-mobilenet-V1 or else how to develop a tf model from Scracth. TensorFlow-Slim : image classification library 1) Installation and setup 다음과 같이 slimProject 디렉토리를 하나 만들어 텐서플로우 models을 다운로드 $mkdir slimPoject$ cd slimProject \$ git clone h. keras/models/. MobileNet itself is a lightweight neural network used for vision applications on mobile devices. Use embedded version of training configuration embedded_ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco. 使用MobileNet V1官方预训练模型示例，通过该代码可以快速接入MobileNet V1更多下载资源、学习资料请访问CSDN下载频道. txt: 包含测试图片路径的文本文件。 • dog_224x224. In this example, the MobileNet V1 model accepts 224x224 input images. Akida imagenet running on mobilenet. 1 # SSD with Mobilenet v1, configured for Oxford-IIIT Pets Dataset. December (1) November (1). gz更多下载资源、学习资料请访问CSDN下载频道. but when using Faster RCNN i get accuracy bt the inference time is too high ,so i changed to mobilenet v1,but has low accuracy. “Edge TPU(USB版) Mobilenet v2 1. In the subfolder we have a whole graph of the MobileNet, which is stored in the. I downloaded TF SSD quantized model ssd_mobilenet_v1_quantized_coco from Tensorflow Model Zoo The zip file contains tflite_graph. They can recognize 1000 different object classes. However, with single shot detection, you gain speed but lose accuracy. Sign in Sign up. Need to Increase Accuracy in SSD-Mobilenet-V1 I want to deploy tf object detection api in videos. Implemented using Tensorflow, training was carried out on GCP to solve ImageNet classification task. 标准的卷积过程可以看上图，一个2×2的卷积核在卷积时，对应图像区域中的所有通道均被同时考虑，问题在于，为什么一定要同时考虑图像区域和通道？. However, the SSD-ResNet50 and SSD-MobileNet-v1 models with the Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) feature are on the 2nd and 3rd place on small objects (and on the 2nd and 4th place overall). 0 = maximum number of channels, 0. For example Mobilenet V2 is faster on mobile devices than Mobilenet V1, but is slightly slower on desktop GPU. Another method for training. It does not include the time to process input data (such as down-scaling images to fit the input tensor), which can vary between systems and applications. In this example, the MobileNet V1 model accepts 224x224 input images. 31: tensorflow를 통해 구현한 인공신경망의 MNIST 손글씨 인식 (0) 2018. # SSD with Mobilenet v1, configured for Oxford-IIIT Pets Dataset. Answering questions. config basis. To get started choosing a model, visit Models. This version of the app uses the standard MobileNet, pre-trained on the 1000 ImageNet categories. 25 trains and inferences (forwards) successfully in tensorflow (tested with the object_detection_tuorial. 0 for SIL, MIL, PIL validation and testing. 5 and subtract 1. The sample marked as 🚧 is not provided by MNN and is not guaranteed to be available. You should now be able to run the app. Dear colleagues, I have installed openVINO in my Raspberry, in order to run a Mobilenet v2 SSD object detector, but I'm struggling to get this working. 50 MobileNet-160, is used, it outperforms Squeezenet and AlexNet (Winner of ILSVRC 2012) while the multi-adds and parameters are much fewer:. Here is a break down how to make it happen, slightly different from the previous image classification tutorial. config as well as object-detection. According to this list we definitely support SSD_MobileNet_V1_COCO. 75 depth model and the MobileNet v2 SSD model, both trained using the Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset with an input size of 300×300, for the Raspberry Pi 3, Model B+ (left), and the new Raspberry Pi 4, Model B (right). All content and materials on this site are provided "as is". MobileNetの論文[1]では、その仕組みを以下のように紹介しています。 The MobileNet model is based on depthwise separable convolutions which is a form of factorized convolutions which factorize a standard convolution into a depthwise convolution and a 1×1 convolution called a pointwise convolution. MobileNets are small, low-latency, low-power models parameterized to meet the resource constraints of a variety of use cases. pbtxt must be inside the directory training. For those keeping score, that's 7 times faster and a quarter the size.


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## LaTeX forum ⇒ Graphics, Figures & Tables ⇒ Stereographic map projections for drawing ellipsoids

Information and discussion about graphics, figures & tables in LaTeX documents.
matsun
Posts: 4
Joined: Tue Sep 05, 2017 1:21 pm

### Stereographic map projections for drawing ellipsoids

I would need to plot with Tikz some 3D drawings of ellipsoids: I am trying to adapt the excellent code provided by Tomas M. Trzeciak for plotting spheres based on stereographic and cylindrical map projections.

Original code: http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/map-projections/

I started to have a look at the functions but I do not know Tex very well.. Is there anyone skilled in math and Tex who's willing to help me?

I started to check the command `\LongitudePlane`:
`\newcommand\LongitudePlane[3][current plane]{%  \pgfmathsinandcos\sinEl\cosEl{#2} % elevation  \pgfmathsinandcos\sint\cost{#3} % azimuth  \tikzset{#1/.estyle={cm={\cost,\sint*\sinEl,0,\cosEl,(0,0)}}}}`

but I am already lost.. What does `[current plane]` stand for? What is the output of this function?

Thank you for the support!

Tags:

Stefan Kottwitz
Posts: 8541
Joined: Mon Mar 10, 2008 9:44 pm
Location: Hamburg, Germany
Contact:
Hi matsun,

welcome to the forum!

`current plane` is an parameter of this function. This function/macro is called several times with various planes, that are: `xzplane`, `pzplane`, `qzplane`, and `equator`.

`cm` may stand for "coordinate matrix", just a quick guess, as I could not look deeper into the code yet.

Stefan


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# On the generalized large set of Kasami sequences

• Published 2010 in
Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication…

#### Abstract

In this paper, we present a new family of binary Kasami sequences of length 2 n − 1 for even integer n = 2m. It generalizes the recently proposed large set $${\mathcal{F}^{(l)}}$$ of Kasami sequences by relaxing the restriction on l to a more general case. The presented sequence family takes five nontrival correlation values −1, −1 ± 2 m , −1 ± 2m + gcd(m,l), and has family size 23m  + 2 m or 23m  + 2 m −1. We also completely determine the distribution of these correlation values.

DOI: 10.1007/s00200-010-0131-3

### Cite this paper

@article{Jiang2010OnTG, title={On the generalized large set of Kasami sequences}, author={Wenfeng Jiang and Lei Hu and Xiangyong Zeng}, journal={Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing}, year={2010}, volume={21}, pages={417-441} }


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# Reference: Looking for a concise treatise on the matrix ring $\mathbf{Mat}_{m\times m}(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)$?

There are good books on matrix theory over $\mathbb R$, $\mathbb C$ and even arbitrary fields. (See First course in linear algebra and matrices over arbitrary fields for details)

My question is: Is there a book focus on matrix theory over the ring $\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z$? In particular, when $n$ is a large integer and its factorization is unknown, what about the computational problems over this matrix ring $R=\mathbf{Mat}_{m\times m}(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)$? Say, computing the inverse, square roots, determinant, eigenvalues, etc. of a given matrix.


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# Power of a pump

#### duke_nemmerle

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
Water is pumped steadily out of a flooded basement at a speed of 5.0 m/s through a uniform hose of radius 1.0 cm. The hose passes out through a window 3.0m above the waterline. What is the power of the pump?

2. Relevant equations

3. The attempt at a solution

I actually correctly solved the problem by taking advantage of the fact that
$$P = \frac{\Delta W}{\Delta t }$$ which for us is $$P = \frac{\Delta m}{\Delta t} (gh + \frac{1}{2}v^{2})$$

My question is, if the force applied is constant, why can't I use $$P = \frac{F\Delta d}{\Delta t}$$ since it's a simple matter of finding the force and $$\frac{\Delta d}{\Delta t} = v$$ is given.

Related Introductory Physics Homework News on Phys.org

#### luben

hello duke, i think the force F you specify cannot be found without using Bernoulli equation.

#### duke_nemmerle

Yeah, I had actually found the force using an equation that is only good for static fluids, I'm going to see if using Bernoulli gets me the same result both ways. Thanks :)

"Power of a pump"

### Physics Forums Values

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# 2020 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 18

## Problem

An urn contains one red ball and one blue ball. A box of extra red and blue balls lie nearby. George performs the following operation four times: he draws a ball from the urn at random and then takes a ball of the same color from the box and returns those two matching balls to the urn. After the four iterations the urn contains six balls. What is the probability that the urn contains three balls of each color?

$\textbf{(A) } \frac16 \qquad \textbf{(B) }\frac15 \qquad \textbf{(C) } \frac14 \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac13 \qquad \textbf{(E) } \frac12$

## Solution

Let $R$ denote that George selects a red ball and $B$ that he selects a blue one. Now, in order to get $3$ balls of each color, he needs $2$ more of both $R$ and $B$.

There are 6 cases: $RRBB, RBRB, RBBR, BBRR, BRBR, BRRB$ (we can confirm that there are only $6$ since $\binom{4}{2}=6$). However we can clump $RRBB + BBRR$, $RBRB + BRBR$, and $RBBR + BRRB$ together since they are equivalent by symmetry.

$\textbf{CASE 1: }$ $RRBB$ and $BBRR$

Let's find the probability that he picks the balls in the order of $RRBB$.

The probability that the first ball he picks is red is $\frac{1}{2}$.

Now there are $2$ reds and $1$ blue in the urn. The probability that he picks red again is now $\frac{2}{3}$.

There are $3$ reds and $1$ blue now. The probability that he picks a blue is $\frac{1}{4}$.

Finally, there are $3$ reds and $2$ blues. The probability that he picks a blue is $\frac{2}{5}$.

So the probability that the $RRBB$ case happens is $\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{2}{5} = \frac{1}{30}$. However, since the $BBRR$ case is the exact same by symmetry, case 1 has a probability of $\frac{1}{30} \cdot 2 = \frac{1}{15}$ chance of happening.

$\textbf{CASE 2: }$ $RBRB$ and $BRBR$

Let's find the probability that he picks the balls in the order of $RBRB$.

The probability that the first ball he picks is red is $\frac{1}{2}$.

Now there are $2$ reds and $1$ blue in the urn. The probability that he picks blue is $\frac{1}{3}$.

There are $2$ reds and $2$ blues now. The probability that he picks a red is $\frac{1}{2}$.

Finally, there are $3$ reds and $2$ blues. The probability that he picks a blue is $\frac{2}{5}$.

So the probability that the $RBRB$ case happens is $\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{5} = \frac{1}{30}$. However, since the $BRBR$ case is the exact same by symmetry, case 2 has a probability of $\frac{1}{30} \cdot 2 = \frac{1}{15}$ chance of happening.

$\textbf{CASE 3: }$ $RBBR$ and $BRRB$

Let's find the probability that he picks the balls in the order of $RBBR$.

The probability that the first ball he picks is red is $\frac{1}{2}$.

Now there are $2$ reds and $1$ blue in the urn. The probability that he picks blue is $\frac{1}{3}$.

There are $2$ reds and $2$ blues now. The probability that he picks a blue is $\frac{1}{2}$.

Finally, there are $2$ reds and $3$ blues. The probability that he picks a red is $\frac{2}{5}$.

So the probability that the $RBBR$ case happens is $\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{5} = \frac{1}{30}$. However, since the $BRBR$ case is the exact same by symmetry, case 3 has a probability of $\frac{1}{30} \cdot 2 = \frac{1}{15}$ chance of happening.

Adding up the cases, we have $\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{15}=\boxed{\textbf{(B) }\frac15}$ ~quacker88

## Solution 2

We know that we need to find the probability of adding 2 red and 2 blue balls in some order. There are 6 ways to do this, since there are $\binom{4}{2}=6$ ways to arrange $RRBB$ in some order. We will show that the probability for each of these 6 ways is the same.

We first note that the denominators should be counted by the same number. This number is $2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5=120$. This is because 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent how many choices there are for the four steps. No matter what the $k-th$ step involves $k+1$ numbers to choose from.

The numerators are the number of successful operations. No matter the order, the first time a red is added will come from 1 choice and the second time will come from 2 choices, since that is how many reds are in the urn originally. The same goes for the blue ones. The numerator must equal $(1 \cdot 2)^2$.

Therefore, the probability for each of the orderings of $RRBB$ is $\frac{4}{120}=\frac{1}{30}$. There are 6 of these, so the total probability is $\boxed{\bf{(B)} \frac{1}{5}}$.

~IceMatrix


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# Bonnesen's inequality for non-simple curves

Given a closed curve in the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$, it is well known that $L^2 \geq 4\pi A$ where $L$ is the length of the curve and $A$ is the area of the interior of the curve.

For a simple closed curve $\gamma$, the stronger inequality due to Bonnesen holds: $L^2 - 4\pi A \geq \pi^2 (R_{out}- R_{in})^2$, where, setting $\Omega =$ Int $(\gamma)$, $R_{in}$ and $R_{out}$ denote the inner and outer radii of the sets:

$R_{in} = \sup_{B_r \subset \Omega} r$

$R_{out} = \inf_{\Omega \subset B_R} R$

Question: Does this inequality continue to hold without the assumption that the curve is simple? In particular, does it hold for any connected, rectifiable set?

If one adds components to the interior of a simple curve, it is clear that this increases the isoperimetric defecit. However while $R_{out}$ will remain unchanged, $R_{in}$ will necessarily decrease, making it not immediately clear that the inequality would continue to hold.

Update: I just realized this is false. Take a countable union of points in the interior of the unit ball. Around the kth point, make a circle of radius $\epsilon/2^k$. Distribute the points well enough and $R_{in}$ can be made arbitrarily small. Then if you make $\epsilon$ small enough, you don't change the length or area too much and so the desired inequality will be violated.

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@Dorian. For the record, your version of Bonnesen's inequality can be strenghtened by replacing the $\pi$ in the right-hand side with its square. Also, you should really define your $R_{\rm in}$ and $R_{\rm out}$ by a sup and an inf, respectively. –  Salvo Tringali Jun 29 '12 at 18:13


text:
# What is the meaning of "any real objects exist in open sets"?

I was reading Isham, Chris J. Modern differential geometry for physicists. Vol. 61. World Scientific, 1999. p.52

In the first chapter, he gives mathematical preliminaries that'll be useful for the rest of the chapters. There I came across this interesting text about open sets and their role in physics.

An important question in any topological space $$X$$ is the extent to which points can be distinguished from each other by listing the collection of open sets to which each belongs.

From the viewpoint of conventional physics, this is related to the idea that if $$X$$ represents physical space, then any real ‘object’ exists inside an open set. More precisely, it cannot exist as a subset of a closed subset unless this has a non-trivial interior. It thus seems plausible to argue that it is physically meaningless to distinguish between two points in $$X$$ if the collections of open sets to which they belong are identical. In the context of quantum field theory, this remark is related to the analysis by Bohr and Rosenfeld of the need to smear quantum fields with test functions that are non-vanishing on an open set.

One could say that all open sets are ‘fat’ whereas closed sets come in both thin and fat varieties. For example, a segment of a line in the plane is thin whereas a closed disc is fat.

Then the author defines what is a $$T_0, T_1, T_2$$ space, then he comments

Any topological space that represents spacetime must be at least $$T_0$$ at least if all its points are to have ‘physical meaning’ in the sense of being distinguishable by objects located in open sets.

I know one way to define topological space, continuous maps are in terms of open sets, but there also exist equivalent formulations in terms of closed sets for topology and continuous maps.

• So why open sets are important in physics?
• And what does it mean to put real objects in open sets?
• How does one understand 'fat' and 'thin' sets?

## 1 Answer

The author is asking you to imagine a physical object - something extended in three dimensions, with a length, width and height. You can "put" this object into a topological space by taking $$\mathbb{R}^3$$ and consider "the object" to be the set of points there whose positions correspond to its actual position. If we have, say, a cube of 1 mm side length we would associate the set $$\{ (x,y,z) \vert 0 \leq x \leq 1 \land 0\leq y \leq 1 \land 0 \leq z \leq 1\}$$ with it, and this set is what the author calls "the object". That set is closed, but it is contained in many open sets.

The author's point is now that open sets "have volume" in that they can contain such "objects", while a closed set might not - a 2d surface is a closed set in 3d space, but it cannot contain a 3d object. This is what the author calls a "thin" closed set, while they call sets that have volume "fat". So if we are interested in representing phyiscal objects, it is more natural to think about open sets because they all can contain objects, while the closed sets can't.

A formal notion of volume for sets is that of a measure, and our intuitive notion of volume in $$\mathbb{R}^n$$ is modeled by the Lebesgue measure. Every open set has non-zero Lebesgue measure, but not every closed one has.

• The only thing I can't understand is why the "object" which is a closed set can't exist as a subset of a closed set. Any arbitrary union and the finite intersection of a closed set is also closed. So I can write a family of closed sets that makes up the whole object. The closed sets can be put into closed sets of a topology. If I go along this line of thought I can see real objects also can stay inside closed sets. It's just the matter of defining the topology in terms of open or closed sets. So what is the "nontrivial interior" of closed sets am I missing? Aug 5, 2020 at 5:40
• @Galilean The point is not that it’s impossible to find a closed set which contains the object; it’s that a generic closed set may not have the capacity to contain an object at all (e.g. a closed disk in $\mathbb R^3$). In contrast, since all open sets must have nonzero volume, they provide a more natural notation of a container. Aug 5, 2020 at 7:39
• @J.Murray how to define the volume of a set? Aug 5, 2020 at 8:21
• @Galilean I've amended the answer with a formal notion of volume. Aug 5, 2020 at 11:25


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# What do I do with this NPC "handout"?

I'm setting up to start running some Shadowrun Missions scenarios for my gaming group. We're starting with Season 2 (available free here), converted from SR4 to SR4A.

I'm very confused by the "player handout" document, though. Some of it makes sense (maps, tracking sheets). But I can't figure out what I'm supposed to do with the NPC pages. As one example:

This doesn't seem like information that the PCs would have access to, but as the GM, I certainly don't need three copies of it for every single important NPC. It's not even useful to print one and fold in a _/\ shape because the text would be upside-down.

What is the intent here? What am I supposed to do with this "handout"?

That is a Contact Sheet.

Should the PCs get such NPCs as their contacts, you can hand them a copy of that contact sheet so they will know what kind of information is available from that NPC. So, whenever you needed a contact, you could quickly look at those "cards" and see if any of them could be of any use.

Note that his physical stats are missing, which is to point out that they are useless in combat situations and should not be forced into one, though that is entirely at GM discretion.

• Ah, so the idea is that they’d get cut up and given one strip to each player to keep for reference? That makes sense. Thanks for solving this mystery! Sep 24 '19 at 5:47

I will take a crack at this, but fair warning I have played 5E in 1 long and 1 single day campaign and a 1st time DM in another.

1. If you have a player that is willing to play that NPC for a bit then share it.
2. IF you are just running the NPC yourself then share whatever of the desc that you want. If your players start asking questions about that NPC then use the card to provide answers. But how much is up to you.
3. I am assuming that anything other than the background info and name is secret and not shared but for your use only (e.g. skills, gear, contact, etc).
4. Have no idea why 3 but maybe that is a fluke, and there in case you run it a 2nd or 3rd time and need clean copies.

I hope this helps but it is rather generic NPC type advice and I expect that you might have already answered it yourself.

Good luck and I hope your game went well and all involved had fun. Joe

• HI, welcome to rpg.se! Take the tour and visit the help center for information on how this site works. Thanks for taking the time to answer, some of your points are good. However we are looking for answer that can be supported with rules and/or experience and unfortunately it seems you have no experience running Shadowrun (the game this question is about) and that is likely why you are attracting downvotes. Don't be discouraged we do have lots of dnd-5e question that you can answer, remember to support your answer and not just give opinions. Good luck and happy gaming! Sep 24 '19 at 2:30


text:
# Statistics Examples

Find the Upper and Lower Class Limits of the Frequency Table
The lower limit for every class is the smallest value in that class. On the other hand, the upper limit for every class is the greatest value in that class.

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Step-by-step work + explanations
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Access the steps on both the Mathway website and mobile apps
$--.--/month$--.--/year (--%)


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# \notimplies command error with breqn package

I'm trying to use this answer's "not imply" symbol. However I get the error:

Argument of \mathpalette has an extra }

Here is a MWE:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{breqn}

\newcommand{\notimplies}{%
\mathrel{{\ooalign{\hidewidth$\not\phantom{=}$\hidewidth\cr$\implies$}}}}

\begin{document}
$x\notimplies y$
\end{document}

The problem seems to be with the breqn package.

You betcha! breqn redefines \not to have an argument and so it finds \phantom, which is wrong in this context.
Add a couple of braces; even without breqn the result will be the same.
\newcommand{\notimplies}{%
\ooalign{\hidewidth$\not{\phantom{=}}$\hidewidth\cr$\implies$}

I removed the additional one around the \ooalign that serve no purpose, because \mathrel{...} forms a group.


text:
# Question b9857

Jan 16, 2014

For each element, you divide the total mass of its atoms by the empirical formula mass and multiply by 100.

#### Explanation:

EXAMPLE

What is the percent composition of a compound with the empirical formula $\text{CH"_2"O}$?

Solution

Step 1: Find the masses of the individual atoms.

$\text{C = 12.01 u}$
$\text{H = 1.008 u}$
$\text{O = 16.00 u}$

Step 2: Find the total mass of each atom in the formula.

$\text{1 C = 12.01 u}$
$\text{2 H = 2.016 u}$
$\text{1 O = 16.00 u}$

Step 3: Find the total mass of all the atoms in the formula.

$\text{CH"_2"O = (12.01 + 2.016 + 16.00) u = 30.03 u}$

Step 4: Find the mass percent of each atom.

"mass %" = "mass of atom"/"total mass" × "100 %#

$\text{mass % C" = (12.01 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("u"))))/(30.03 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("u")))) × "100 %" = "40.00 %}$

$\text{mass % H" = (2.016 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("u"))))/(30.03 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("u")))) × "100 %" = "6.714 %}$

$\text{mass % O" = (16.00 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("u"))))/(30.03 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("u")))) × "100 %" = "53.29 %}$

$40.00 + 6.714 + 53.29 = 100.00$