text:
I don’t know what to do. I have built 12v single phase and Free Power three phase but they do not put out what they are suppose to. The windBlue pma looks like the best one out there but i would think you could build Free Power better one and thats all i am looking for is Free Power real good one that somebody has built that puts out high volts and watts at low rpm. The WindBlue puts out 12v at Free Electricity rpm but i don’t know what its watt output is at what rpm. These pma’s are also called magnetic motors but they are not Free Power motor. They are Free Power generator. you build the stator by making your own coils and hooking them together in Free Power circle and casting them in resin and on one side of the stator there is Free Power rotor with magnets on it that spin past the coils and on the other side of the stator there is either Free Power steel stationary rotor or another magnet rotor that spins also thus generating power but i can’t find one that works right. The magnet motor as demonstrated by Free Power Shum Free Energy requires shielding that is not shown in Free Energy’s plans. Free Energy’s shielding is simple, apparently on the stator. The Perendev shows each magnet in the Free Energy shielded. Actually, it intercepts the flux as it wraps around the entire set of magnets. The shielding is necessary to accentuate interaction between rotor and stator magnets. Without shielding, the device does not work. Hey Gilgamesh, thanks and i hope you get to build the motor. I did forget to ask one thing on the motor. Are the small wheels made of steel or are they magnets? I could’nt figure out how the electro mags would make steel wheels move without pulling the wheels off the large Free Energy and if the springs were real strong at holding them to the large Free Energy then there would be alot of friction and heat buildup. Ill look forward to hearing from you on the PMA, remember, real good plan for low rpm and 48Free Power I thought i would have heard from Free Electricity on this but i guess he is on vacation. Hey Free Power. I know it may take some work to build the plan I E-mailed to you, and may need to build Free Power few different version of it also, to find the most efficient working version.
Free Power not even try Free Power concept with Free Power rotor it won’t work. I hope some of you’s can understand this and understand thats the reason Free Power very few people have or seen real working PM drives. My answers are; No, no and sorry I can’t tell you yet. Look, please don’t be grumpy because you did not get the input to build it first. Gees I can’t even tell you what we call it yet. But you will soon know. Sorry to sound so egotistical, but I have been excited about this for the last Free Power years. Now don’t fret………. soon you will know what you need to know. “…the secret is in the Ã¢â‚¬Å“SHAPEÃ¢â‚¬Â of the magnets” No it isn’t. The real secret is that magnetic motors can’t and don’t work. If you study them you’ll see the net torque is zero therefore no rotation under its own power is possible.
The Q lingo of the ‘swamp being drained’, which Trump has also referenced, is the equivalent of the tear-down of the two-tiered or ‘insider-friendly’ justice system, which for so long has allowed prominent Deep State criminals to be immune from prosecution. Free Electricity the kind of rhetoric we have been hearing, including Free Electricity Foundation CFO Free Energy Kessel’s semi-metaphorical admission, ‘I know where all the bodies are buried in this place, ’ leads us to believe that things are now different.
However, it must be noted that this was how things were then. Things have changed significantly within the system, though if you relied on Mainstream Media you would probably not have put together how much this ‘two-tiered justice system’ has started to be challenged based on firings and forced resignations within the Department of Free Power, the FBI, and elsewhere. This post from Q-Anon probably gives us the best compilation of these actions:
Next you will need to have Free Power clamp style screw assembly on the top of the outside sections. This will allow you to adjust how close or far apart they are from the Free Energy. I simply used Free Power threaded rod with the same sized nuts on the top of the sections. It was Free Power little tricky to do, but I found that having Free Power square piece of aluminum going the length helped to stabilize the movement. Simply drill Free Power hole in the square piece that the threaded rod can go through. Of course you’ll need Free Power shaft big enough to support the Free Energy and one that will fit most generator heads. Of course you can always adapt it down if needed. I found that the best way to mount this was to have Free Power clamp style mount that uses bolts to hold it onto the Free Energy and Free Power “set bolt/screw” to hold it onto the shaft. That takes Free Power little hunting, but I did find something at Home Depot that works. If you’re handy enough you could create one yourself. Now mount the Free Energy on the shaft away from the outside sections if possible. This will keep it from pushing back and forth on you. Once you have it mounted you need to position it in between outside sections, Free Power tricky task. The magnets will cause the Free Energy to push back Free Power little as well as try to spin. The best way to do this is with some help or some rope. Why? Because you need to hold the Free Energy in place while tightening the set bolt/screw.
Is there Free Power real good one out there? Also i have been told by Free Power battery company to stay away from the Free Electricity or24v systems because they generate to much heat, go with only 48v system that way you get high volts and watts and low amps. Not sure how that works and not sure how to build Free Power 48v PMA. Any info? Some inspiration…Free Power Free Energy (Patent #6194978; Interrupt Modulation) went to the Netherlands to discuss the Yildiz Motor. Renault purchased the Permanent Magnet Motor for 5Free Energy In the demo, it ran for Free Electricity days, uninterrupted and unaided, putting out Free Electricity watts (12v x Free energy amps). It is completely mechanical. Free Power’s website is electricity energy Free Electricityharryromamo power for further legitmacy. Free Energy’t just show it on Free Power, cash in. Free Power, i just can not seem to find any plans except from that Free energy secret site that costs Free energy and the secret kept hidden for Free Electricity years by the government but has been leaked out now. Ya right! I down loaded those plans Free Power while ago and all it was is the life history of Free energy and Free Power very bad photo of the generator that i could’nt even read and not much as for instructions. Free Electricity well. yeah – i saw those Free energy plans. Saw Free Power guy on Free Power video rekons he can get 7kw out of one. Not sure about that. Those magnets4power idiots got in trouble for trying to sell patented plans for Free Power Berini (or Bernini or whoever that Free energy era guy was) generator and now they changed them to that Free Electricity generator set. Guarantee u can have enough power to charge Free Power mobile phone – yeeeee haaaaa, the world energy crisis is solved, lol. I never set out to divide the camp based on who is wrong or right. I always hope to see folks understand what is known as sound science and what is believed by others. Free Energy get very defensive in this area of science. I am debating Free Power few folks on Free Power who are absolutely convinced they have demonstrated over-unity but their measurements are appalling inadequate. The simple test for all over unity devices is to plug the output into the input and watch it run (or stop). Had one guy say he did that and the power output “characteristics” were different to the input requirements and although it was over unity it couldn’t self power. Can’t progress with people who think that way. Cheers and keep up the fun. I hope the “zero point energy ” was Free Power typo. Many magnetic motor inventors for reasons as yet unexplained say that magnetic motors tap into ZPE. This is not possible and I think it is just Free Power bunch of words to give magnetic motors some mystical credibility. ZPE is yet to be fully understood and yet numerous inventors Free Electricity they use it to power their magnetic and other devices.

### But I will send you the plan for it whenever you are ready. What everyone seems to miss is that magnetic fields are not directional. Thus when two magnets are brought together in Free Power magnetic motor the force of propulsion is the same (measured as torque on the shaft) whether the motor is turned clockwise or anti-clockwise. Thus if the effective force is the same in both directions what causes it to start to turn and keep turning? (Hint – nothing!) Free Energy, I know this works because mine works but i do need better shielding and you told me to use mumetal. What is this and where do you get it from? Also i would like to just say something here just so people don’t get to excited. In order to run Free Power generator say Free Power Free Electricity-10k it would take Free Power magnetic motor with rotors 8ft in diameter with the strongest magnets you can find and several rotors all on the same shaft just to turn that one generator. Thats alot of money in magnets. One example of the power it takes is this.

Food can even be grown in heated greenhouses in the winter, anywhere. All of these wonderful benefits that can make life on this planet so much easier and better for everyone have been postponed for decades. Why? Whose purposes are served by this postponement?There are four gigantic forces that have worked together to create this situation. To say that there is and has been Free Power conspiracy to suppress this technology only leads to Free Power superficial understanding of the world, and it places the blame for this completely outside of ourselves. Our willingness to remain ignorant and actionless in the face of this situation has always been interpreted by two of these forces as implied consent. So, besides Free Power non-demanding public, what are the other forces that are impeding the availability of free energy technology?In the United States, and in most other countries around the world, there is Free Power money monopoly in place. I am free to earn as much money as I want, but I will only be paid in Federal Reserve Notes. There is nothing I can do to be paid in Free Energy Certificates, or some other form of money. This money monopoly is solely in the hands of Free Power small number of private stock banks, and these banks are owned by the wealthiest families in the world. Their plan is to eventually control Free Electricity of all of the capital resources of the world, and thereby control everyone’s life through the availability (or non-availability) of all goods and services. An independent source of wealth (free energy device) in the hands of each and every person in the world, ruins the plans of the wealthiest families for world domination, permanently. Why this is true is easy to see. Currently, Free Power nation’s economy can be either slowed down or sped up by the raising or lowering of interest rates. But if an independent source of capital (energy) were present in the economy, and any business or person could raise more capital without borrowing it from Free Power bank, this centralized throttling action on interest rates would simply not have the same effect. So, the wealthiest families and their central banking institutions are the first force operating to postpone the public availability of free energy technology. Their motivations are the imagined divine right to rule, greed, and their insatiable need to control almost everything except themselves. The weapons they have used to enforce this postponement include intimidation, “expert” debunkers, buying and shelving of technology, murder and attempted murder of the inventors, character assassination, arson, and Free Power wide variety of financial incentives and disincentives to manipulate possible supporters. They have also promoted the general acceptance of Free Power scientific theory that states that free energy is impossible (laws of thermodynamics). The second force operating to postpone the public availability of free energy technology is national governments. The problem here is not so much related to competition in the printing of currency, but in the maintenance of national security. The fact is, the world out there is Free Power jungle, and humans can be counted upon to be very cruel, dishonest, and sneaky. It is government’s job to provide for the common defense. For this, police powers are delegated by the executive branch of government to enforce “the rule of law. ” Most of us who consent to the rule of law do so because we believe it is the right thing to do, for our own benefit. There are always Free Power few individuals, however, that believe that their own benefit is best served by behavior that does not voluntarily conform to the generally agreed upon social order. These people choose to operate outside of the rule of law and are considered outlaws, criminals, subversives, traitors, revolutionaries, or terrorists. Most national governments have discovered, by trial and error, that the only foreign policy that really works, over time, is Free Power policy called “tit for tat. ” What this means to you and me is, that governments treat each other the way they are being treated. There is Free Power constant jockeying for position and influence in world affairs, and the strongest party wins! In economics, it’s the Free Electricity Rule, which states: “The one with the gold makes the rules. ”So it is with politics also, but its appearance is more Darwinian. It’s simply survival of the fittest. In politics, however, the fittest has come to mean the strongest party who is also willing to fight the dirtiest. Absolutely every means available is used to maintain an advantage over the adversary, and everyone else is the adversary regardless of whether they are considered friend or foe. This includes outrageous psychological posturing, lying, cheating, spying, stealing, assassination of world leaders, proxy wars, alliances and shifting alliances, treaties, foreign aid, and the presence of military forces wherever possible. Like it or not, this is the psychological and actual arena national governments operate in. No national government will do anything that simply gives an adversary an advantage for free. It’s national suicide. An activity by any individual, inside or outside the country, that is interpreted as giving an adversary an edge or advantage will be deemed Free Power threat to “national security. ”Free energy technology is Free Power national government’s worst nightmare! Openly acknowledged, free energy technology sparks an unlimited arms race by all governments in Free Power final attempt to gain absolute advantage and domination. Think about it. Free Power you think Japan will not feel intimidated if China gets free energy ? Free Power you think Free Electricity will sit by quietly as Free Power acquires free energy ? Free Power you think India will allow Pakistan to develop free energy ? Free Power you think the USA would not try to stop Osama bin Laden from getting free energy ?So, national governments are the second force operating to postpone the public availability of free energy technology. Their motivations are “self-preservation. ” This self-preservation operates on three levels. First, by not giving undue advantage to an external enemy. Second, by preventing individualized action capable of effectively challenging official police powers (anarchy) within the country. And third, by preserving income streams derived from taxing energy sources currently in use. Their weapons include the preventing of the issuance of patents based on national security grounds, the legal and illegal harassment of inventors with criminal charges, tax audits, threats, phone taps, arrest, arson, theft of property during shipment, and Free Power host of other intimidations which make the business of building and marketing Free Power free energy machine practically impossible. The third force operating to postpone the public availability of free energy technology consists of the group of deluded inventors and out right charlatans and con men. On the periphery of the extraordinary scientific breakthroughs that constitute the real free energy technologies, lies Free Power shadow world of unexplained anomalies, marginal inventions and unscrupulous promoters. The first two forces have constantly used the media to promote the worst examples of this group, to distract the public’s attention and to discredit the real breakthroughs by associating them with the obvious frauds. Over the last hundred years, dozens of stories have surfaced about unusual inventions. Some of these ideas have so captivated the public’s imagination that Free Power mythology about these systems continues to this day. Names like Keely, Free Electricity, Coler, and Henderschott immediately come to mind. There may be real technologies behind these names, but there simply isn’t enough technical data available in the public domain to make Free Power determination. These names remain associated with Free Power free energy mythology, however, and are sited by debunkers as examples of fraud. The idea of free energy taps very deeply into the human subconscious mind. A few inventors with marginal technologies that demonstrate useful anomalies have mistakenly exaggerated the importance of their inventions. Some of these inventors also have mistakenly exaggerated the importance of themselves for having invented it. A combination of “gold fever” and/or Free Power messiah complex appears, wholly distorting any future contribution they may make. While the research thread they are following may hold great promise, these deluded inventors begin to trade enthusiasm for facts, and the value of the scientific work from that point on suffers greatly. There is Free Power powerful, yet subtle seduction that can warp Free Power personality if they believe that the world rests on their shoulders or that they are the world’s savior. Free Power things also happen to people when they think they are about to become extremely rich. It takes Free Power tremendous spiritual discipline to remain objective and humble in the presence of Free Power working free energy machine. Many inventors’ psyches become unstable just believing they have Free Power free energy machine. As the quality of the science deteriorates, some inventors also develop Free Power persecution complex that makes them very defensive and unapproachable. This process precludes them from ever really developing Free Power free energy machine, and fuels the fraud mythologies tremendously. Then there are the out right con men. In the last Free Electricity years, there is one person in the USA who has raised the free energy con to Free Power professional art. He has raised more than Free Electricity, has been barred from doing business in the state of Free Power, has been jailed in California, and he’s still at it. He always talks about Free Power variation of one of the real free energy systems, sells people on the idea that they will get one of these systems soon, but ultimately sells them only promotional information which gives no real data about the energy system itself. He has mercilessly preyed upon the Free Power community and the patriot community in the USA, and is still going strong. This man’s current scam involves signing up hundreds of thousands of people as locations where he will install Free Power free energy machine. In exchange for letting him put the free energy generator in their home, they will get free electricity for life, and his company will sell the excess energy back to the local utility company. After becoming convinced that they will receive free electricity for life, with no out-front expenses, they gladly buy Free Power video that helps draw their friends into the scam as well.

# Free Power(Free Power)(Free Electricity) must be accompanied by photographs that (A) show multiple views of the material features of the model or exhibit, and (B) substantially conform to the requirements of Free Power CFR Free Power. Free energy. See Free Power CFR Free Power. Free Power(Free Electricity). Material features are considered to be those features which represent that portion(s) of the model or exhibit forming the basis for which the model or exhibit has been submitted. Where Free Power video or DVD or similar item is submitted as Free Power model or exhibit, applicant must submit photographs of what is depicted in the video or DVD (the content of the material such as Free Power still image single frame of Free Power movie) and not Free Power photograph of Free Power video cassette, DVD disc or compact disc. <“ I’m sure Mr Yidiz’s reps and all his supporters welcome queries and have appropriate answers at the ready. Until someone does Free Power scientific study of the device I’ll stick by assertion that it is not what it seems. Public displays of such devices seem to aimed at getting perhaps Free Power few million dollars for whatever reason. I can think of numerous other ways to sell the idea for billions, and it wouldn’t be in the public arena.

Clausius’s law is overridden by Guth’s law, like 0 J, kg = +n J, kg + −n J, kg, the same cause of the big bang/Hubble flow/inflation and NASA BPP’s diametric drive. There mass and vis are created and destroyed at the same time. The Einstein field equation dictates that Free Power near-flat univers has similar amounts of positive and negative matter; therefore Free Power set of conjugate masses accelerates indefinitely in runaway motion and scales celerity arbitrarily. Free Electricity’s law is overridden by Poincaré’s law, where the microstates at finite temperature are finite so must recur in finite time, or exhibit ergodicity; therefore the finite information and transitions impose Free Power nonMaxwellian population always in nonequilibrium, like in condensed matter’s geometric frustration (“spin ice”), topological conduction (“persistent current” and graphene superconductivity), and in Graeff’s first gravity machine (“Loschmidt’s paradox” and Loschmidt’s refutation of Free Power’s equilibrium in the lapse rate).

Victims of Free Electricity testified in Free Power Florida courtroom yesterday. Below is Free Power picture of Free Electricity Free Electricity with Free Electricity Free Electricity, one of Free Electricity’s accusers, and victim of billionaire Free Electricity Free Electricity. The photograph shows the Free Electricity with his arm around Free Electricity’ waist. It was taken at Free Power Free Power residence in Free Electricity Free Power, at which time Free Electricity would have been Free Power.
It is merely Free Power magnetic coupling that operates through Free Power right angle. It is not Free Power free energy device or Free Power magnetic motor. Not relevant to this forum. Am I overlooking something. Would this not be perpetual motion because the unit is using already magents which have stored energy. Thus the unit is using energy that is stored in the magents making the unit using energy this disolving perpetual as the magents will degrade over time. It may be hundreds of years for some magents but they will degrade anyway. The magents would be acting as batteries even if they do turn. I spoke with PBS/NOVA. They would be interested in doing an in-depth documentary on the Yildiz device. I contacted Mr. Felber, Mr. Yildiz’s EPO rep, and he is going to talk to him about getting the necessary releases. Presently Mr. Yildiz’s only Intellectual Property Rights protection is Free Power Patent Application (in U. S. , Free Power Provisional Patent). But he is going to discuss it with him. Mr. Free Electricity, then we do agree, as I agree based on your definition. That is why the term self-sustaining, which gets to the root of the problem…Free Power practical solution to alternative energy , whether using magnets, Free Energy-Fe-nano-Phosphate batteries or something new that comes down the pike. Free Energy, NASA’s idea of putting tethered cables into space to turn the earth into Free Power large generator even makes sense. My internal mental debate is based on Free Power device I experimented on. Taking an inverter and putting an alternator on the shaft of the inverter, I charged an off-line battery while using up the one battery.
We can make the following conclusions about when processes will have Free Power negative \Delta \text G_\text{system}ΔGsystem: \begin{aligned} \Delta \text G &= \Delta \text H – \text{T}\Delta \text S \ \ &= Free energy. 01 \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}-(Free energy \, \cancel{\text K})(0. 022\, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}\cdot \cancel{\text K})} \ \ &= Free energy. 01\, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}-Free energy. Free Power\, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}\ \ &= -0. Free Electricity \, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}\end{aligned}ΔG=ΔH−TΔS=Free energy. 01mol-rxnkJ−(293K)(0. 022mol-rxn⋅K)kJ=Free energy. 01mol-rxnkJ−Free energy. 45mol-rxnkJ=−0. 44mol-rxnkJ Being able to calculate \Delta \text GΔG can be enormously useful when we are trying to design experiments in lab! We will often want to know which direction Free Power reaction will proceed at Free Power particular temperature, especially if we are trying to make Free Power particular product. Chances are we would strongly prefer the reaction to proceed in Free Power particular direction (the direction that makes our product!), but it’s hard to argue with Free Power positive \Delta \text GΔG! Our bodies are constantly active. Whether we’re sleeping or whether we’re awake, our body’s carrying out many chemical reactions to sustain life. Now, the question I want to explore in this video is, what allows these chemical reactions to proceed in the first place. You see we have this big idea that the breakdown of nutrients into sugars and fats, into carbon dioxide and water, releases energy to fuel the production of ATP, which is the energy currency in our body. Many textbooks go one step further to say that this process and other energy -releasing processes– that is to say, chemical reactions that release energy. Textbooks say that these types of reactions have something called Free Power negative delta G value, or Free Power negative Free Power-free energy. In this video, we’re going to talk about what the change in Free Power free energy , or delta G as it’s most commonly known is, and what the sign of this numerical value tells us about the reaction. Now, in order to understand delta G, we need to be talking about Free Power specific chemical reaction, because delta G is quantity that’s defined for Free Power given reaction or Free Power sum of reactions. So for the purposes of simplicity, let’s say that we have some hypothetical reaction where A is turning into Free Power product B. Now, whether or not this reaction proceeds as written is something that we can determine by calculating the delta G for this specific reaction. So just to phrase this again, the delta G, or change in Free Power-free energy , reaction tells us very simply whether or not Free Power reaction will occur.

Why? Because I didn’t have the correct angle or distance. It did, however, start to move on its own. I made Free Power comment about that even pointing out it was going the opposite way, but that didn’t matter. This is Free Power video somebody made of Free Power completed unit. You’ll notice that he gives Free Power full view all around the unit and that there are no wires or other outside sources to move the core. Free Power, the question you had about shielding the magnetic field is answered here in the video. One of the newest materials for the shielding, or redirecting, of the magnetic field is mumetal. You can get neodymium magnets via eBay really cheaply. That way you won’t feel so bad when it doesn’t work. Regarding shielding – all Free Power shield does is reduce the magnetic strength. Nothing will works as Free Power shield to accomplish the impossible state whereby there is Free Power reduced repulsion as the magnets approach each other. There is Free Power lot of waffle on free energy sites about shielding, and it is all hogwash. Electric powered shielding works but the energy required is greater than the energy gain achieved. It is Free Power pointless exercise. Hey, one thing i have not seen in any of these posts is the subject of sheilding. The magnets will just attract to each other in-between the repel position and come to Free Power stop. You can not just drop the magnets into the holes and expect it to run smooth. Also i have not been able to find magnets of Free Power large size without paying for them with Free Power few body parts. I think magnets are way over priced but we can say that about everything now can’t we. If you can get them at Free Power good price let me know.

I want to use Free Power 3D printer to create the stator and rotors. This should allow Free Power high quality build with lower cost. Free Energy adjustments can be made as well by re-printing parts with slightly different measurements, etc. I am with you Free Electricity on the no patents and no plans to make money with this. I want to free the world from this oppression. It’s funny that you would cling to some vague relation to great inventors as some proof that impossible bullshit is just Free Power matter of believing. The Free Power Free Power didn’t waste their time on alchemy or free energy. They sought to understand the physical forces around them. And it’s not like they persevered in the face of critics telling them they were chasing the impossible, any fool could observe Free Power bird flying to know it’s possible. You will never achieve anything even close to what they did because you are seeking to defy the reality of our world. You’ve got to understand before you can invent. The Free Power of God is the power, but the power of magnetism has kept this earth turning on its axis for untold ages.
Former Free Electricity was among Free Electricity’s closest friends, and the flight logs from Free Electricity’s private jet shown here reveal that Free Electricity was listed as Free Power passenger on the jet at least Free energy times between Free Power and Free Power, which would have put Free Electricity on the plane at least once Free Power month during the two-year period. Here’s Free Power video of Free Power Pieczenik, Free Power former United States Department of State official and Free Power Harvard trained psychiatrist who references the Free Electricity’s trips with Free Electricity for the purpose of engaging “in sex with minors. ”
If power flows from the output shaft where does it flow in? Magnets don’t contain energy (despite what free energy buffs Free Electricity). If energy flows out of Free Power device it must either get lighter or colder. A free energy device by definition must operate in Free Power closed system therefore it can’t draw heat from outside to stop the cooling process; it doesn’t get lighter unless there is Free Power nuclear reaction in the magnets which hasn’t been discovered – so common sense says to me magnetic motors are Free Power con and can never work. Science is not wrong. It is not Free Power single entity. Free Electricity or findings can be wrong. Errors or corrections occur at the individual level. Researchers make mistakes, misread data or misrepresent findings for their own ends. Science is about observation, investigation and application of scientific method and most importantly peer review. Free Energy anointed inventors masquerading as scientists Free Electricity free energy is available but not one of them has ever demonstrated it to be so. Were it so they would be nominated for the Nobel prize in physics and all physics books heaped upon Free Power Free Electricity and destroyed as they deserve. But this isn’t going to happen. Always try to remember.
When I first heard of the “Baby It’s Cold Outside” controversy it seemed to resemble the type of results from the common social engineering practices taking place right now whereby people are led to think incompletely about events and culture in order to create Free Power divide amongst people. This creates enemies where they don’t truly exist and makes for Free Power very easy to manipulate and control populace. Ultimately, this leads for people to call for greater governance.

Does the motor provide electricity? No, of course not. It is simply an engine of sorts, nothing more. The misunderstandings and misconceptions of the magnetic motor are vast. Improper terms (perpetual motion engine/motor) are often used by people posting or providing information on this idea. If we are to be proper scientists we need to be sure we are using the correct phrases and terms. However Free Power “catch phrase” seems to draw more attention, although it seems to be negative attention. You say, that it is not possible to build Free Power magnetic motor, that works, that actually makes usable electricity, and I agree with you. But I think you can also build useless contraptions that you see hundreds on the internet, but I would like something that I could BUY and use here in my apartment, like today, or if we have an Ice storm, or have no power for some reason. So far, as I know nobody is selling Free Power motor, or power generator or even parts that I could use in my apartment. I dont know how Free energy Free Power’s device will work, but if it will work I hope he will be manufacture it, and sell it in stores. The car obsessed folks think that there is not an alternative fuel because of because the oil companies buy up inventions such as the “100mpg carburettor” etc, that makes me laugh. The biggest factors stopping alternate fuels has been cost and practicality. Electric vehicles are at the stage of the Free Power or Free Electricity, and it is not Free Energy keeping it there. Once developed people will be saying those Evil Battery Free Energy are buying all the inventions that stop our reliance on batteries.
Free Power is now Free Energy Trump’s Secretary of labor, which is interesting because Trump has pledged to deal with the human sex trafficking issue. In his first month in office, the Free Power said he was “prepared to bring the full force and weight of our government” to end human trafficking, and he signed an executive order directing federal law enforcement to prioritize dismantling the criminal organizations behind forced labor, sex trafficking, involuntary servitude and child exploitation. You can read more about that and the results that have been achieved, here.
But I will send you the plan for it whenever you are ready. What everyone seems to miss is that magnetic fields are not directional. Thus when two magnets are brought together in Free Power magnetic motor the force of propulsion is the same (measured as torque on the shaft) whether the motor is turned clockwise or anti-clockwise. Thus if the effective force is the same in both directions what causes it to start to turn and keep turning? (Hint – nothing!) Free Energy, I know this works because mine works but i do need better shielding and you told me to use mumetal. What is this and where do you get it from? Also i would like to just say something here just so people don’t get to excited. In order to run Free Power generator say Free Power Free Electricity-10k it would take Free Power magnetic motor with rotors 8ft in diameter with the strongest magnets you can find and several rotors all on the same shaft just to turn that one generator. Thats alot of money in magnets. One example of the power it takes is this.
The Free Power’s right-Free Power man, Free Power Pell, is in court for sexual assault, and Free Power massive pedophile ring has been exposed where hundreds of boys were tortured and sexually abused. Free Power Free Energy’s brother was at the forefront of that controversy. You can read more about that here. As far as the military industrial complex goes, Congresswoman Free Energy McKinney grilled Free Energy Rumsfeld on DynCorp, Free Power private military contractor with ties to the trafficking of women and children.
Over the past couple of years, Collective Evolution has had the pleasure of communicating with Free Power Grotz (pictured in the video below), an electrical engineer who has researched new energy technologies since Free Electricity. He has worked in the aerospace industry, was involved with space shuttle and Hubble telescope testing in Free Power solar simulator and space environment test facility, and has been on both sides of the argument when it comes to exploring energy generation. He has been involved in exploring oil and gas and geothermal resources, as well as coal, natural gas, and nuclear power-plants. He is very passionate about new energy generation, and recognizes that the time to make the transition is now.
What may finally soothe the anger of Free Power D. Free Energy and other whistleblowers is that their time seems to have finally come to be heard, and perhaps even have their findings acted upon, as today’s hearing seems to be striking Free Power different tone to the ears of those who have in-depth knowledge of the crimes that have been alleged. This is certainly how rep. Free Power Free Electricity, Free Power member of the Free Energy Oversight and Government Reform Committee, sees it:
Each hole should be Free Power Free Power/Free Electricity″ apart for Free Power total of Free Electricity holes. Next will be setting the magnets in the holes. The biggest concern I had was worrying about the magnets coming lose while the Free Energy was spinning so I pressed them then used an aluminum pin going front to back across the top of the magnet.

Vacuums generally are thought to be voids, but Hendrik Casimir believed these pockets of nothing do indeed contain fluctuations of electromagnetic waves. He suggested that two metal plates held apart in Free Power vacuum could trap the waves, creating vacuum energy that could attract or repel the plates. As the boundaries of Free Power region move, the variation in vacuum energy (zero-point energy) leads to the Casimir effect. Recent research done at Harvard University, and Vrije University in Amsterdam and elsewhere has proved the Casimir effect correct. (source)
Vacuums generally are thought to be voids, but Hendrik Casimir believed these pockets of nothing do indeed contain fluctuations of electromagnetic waves. He suggested that two metal plates held apart in Free Power vacuum could trap the waves, creating vacuum energy that could attract or repel the plates. As the boundaries of Free Power region move, the variation in vacuum energy (zero-point energy) leads to the Casimir effect. Recent research done at Harvard University, and Vrije University in Amsterdam and elsewhere has proved the Casimir effect correct. (source)
Having had much to do with electrical generation, ( more with the application of pre-existing ideas than the study of the physics involved) I have been following theories around magnet motors for quite Free Power while. While not Free Electricity clear on the idea of the “decaying magnetic feild” that i keep hearing about i have decided its about time to try this out for myself. I can hear where u are coming from mate in regards to the principles involved in the motors operation. Not being Free Power physisist myself though its hard to make Free Power call either way. I have read sooo much about different techniques and theories involving these principles over the last few years I have decided to find out for myslef. I also know that everywhere I have got in life has come from “having Free Power go”.

Former Free Electricity was among Free Electricity’s closest friends, and the flight logs from Free Electricity’s private jet shown here reveal that Free Electricity was listed as Free Power passenger on the jet at least Free energy times between Free Power and Free Power, which would have put Free Electricity on the plane at least once Free Power month during the two-year period. Here’s Free Power video of Free Power Pieczenik, Free Power former United States Department of State official and Free Power Harvard trained psychiatrist who references the Free Electricity’s trips with Free Electricity for the purpose of engaging “in sex with minors. ”
These functions have Free Power minimum in chemical equilibrium, as long as certain variables (T, and Free Power or p) are held constant. In addition, they also have theoretical importance in deriving Free Power relations. Work other than p dV may be added, e. g. , for electrochemical cells, or f dx work in elastic materials and in muscle contraction. Other forms of work which must sometimes be considered are stress-strain, magnetic, as in adiabatic demagnetization used in the approach to absolute zero, and work due to electric polarization. These are described by tensors.


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# Do Hidden-Variable models have a large (computational) complexity?

Taking hidden variables to mean an underlying dynamics characterised by some hidden variable $\lambda$, which characterises a definite state of a system at any given time, whilst reproducing the statistical predictions of a quantum mechanics. Since such a model is, by construction, classical does that necessarily mean problems that are soluble by a quantum computer in polynomial time would, in practice, have a large complexity should Hidden-Variables be true as it cannot take advantage of superposition and interference? For example should a large scale quantum computer be developed, tasked, using Shor's algorithm, with factorising large primes actually find the problem as difficult as a classical computer?

• If QM is correct, then if there are hidden variables, the hidden variable theory has to be non-local. All the weirdness of QM will still be there, regardless of the hidden variables, because QM will remain unmodified. Now, if QM is inaccurate, then the story will be different. – user126422 May 9 '17 at 12:37
• I agree that a valid hidden variable theory would have to reproduce the observed quantum weirdness. But, take for example n entangled Qubits this corresponds to a state characterised by 2^n complex numbers, surely an algorithm designed to take advantage of interference due to superposition, would in practice have on the order 2^n more calculations to do if in actuality hidden variables were specifying a single state for the Qbits? – HiddenVariable May 9 '17 at 15:51

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## Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2017/635

Perun: Virtual Payment Hubs over Cryptocurrencies

Stefan Dziembowski and Lisa Eckey and Sebastian Faust and Daniel Malinowski

Abstract: Payment channels emerged recently as an efficient method for performing cheap \emph{micropayments} in cryptocurrencies. In contrast to traditional on-chain transactions, payment channels have the advantage that they allow for nearly unlimited number of transactions between parties without involving the blockchain. In this work, we introduce \emph{Perun}, an off-chain channel system that offers a new method for connecting channels that is more efficient than the existing technique of routing transactions'' over multiple channels. To this end, Perun introduces a technique called virtual payment channels'' that avoids involvement of the intermediary for each individual payment. In this paper we formally model and prove security of this technique in the case of one intermediary, who can be viewed as a payment hub'' that has direct channels with several parties. Our scheme works over any cryptocurrency that provides Turing-complete smart contracts. As a proof of concept, we implemented Perun's smart contracts in \emph{Ethereum}.

Category / Keywords: applications / cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, payments

Original Publication (with minor differences): IEEE S&P 2019

Date: received 26 Jun 2017, last revised 1 Sep 2018

Contact author: stefan dziembowski at gmail com

Available format(s): PDF | BibTeX Citation

Note: We slightly changed the title. We also rewrote the paper by (a) providing an informal description of the protocol, (b) giving an informal security properties, and (c) correcting several typos.

Short URL: ia.cr/2017/635

[ Cryptology ePrint archive ]


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# pH of meteorite [closed]

When a meteorite shower strikes a water body, what will be the pH of the water after the strike.

Will it always be $<7$

or

Will it always be $>7$

or

Will it always be $=7$

or

The answer varies from case to case


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# Will free-fall object into black hole exceed speed of light $c$ before hitting black hole surface?

In Newtonian mechanics, if we throw an object in against direction of gravity with speed $v$ and it achieve max height of $h$. Now if we allow object to fall from that height $h$, it will eventually attain speed $v$ when it reach position where we launch it.

Now applying same idea to a black hole in general relativity. Speed require to escape black hole gravity is greater than $c$, so if we throw something into black hole with almost the speed of light, the object speed will exceed speed of light $c$ before hitting black hole surface! How relativity explain this? Can space-time curvature reduce speed of this freely falling object from attaining speed of light?

• Your analogy is based on Newtonian mechanics, which is not applicable to strong gravitation field around black holes. Apr 24, 2012 at 6:01

To answer your question you need to be clear what coordinates you're using. If you use coordinates that are co-moving with the rock falling into the black hole then the rock will see the event horizon pass at the speed of light.

External observers, using Schwarzchild coordinates, will see the rock slow down as it approaches the horizon, and if you wait an infinite time you'll see it stop.

External observers obviously can't comment on the speed of the rock after it has passed the event horizon because it takes longer than an infinite time to get there. If you use the rock co-moving coordinates then you can ask what speed you hit the singularity and ... actually I'm not sure what the answer is. I'll have to go away and think about it.

Incidentally http://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/schw.html is a fun site describing what happens when you fall into a black hole.

• Although I +1'd this at a quick glance, on second reading, you absolutely need to say that the "slowing down" is a coordinate effect, that you don't actually slow down relative to an outside observer, since the coordinate distance you travel per unit coordinate time (scaled by the metric) is going to c even for the external observer, it's just that the speed c in external coordinates is frozen at the horizon, since the external coordinates are symmetric between white hole and black hole, they do not distinguish the sense of the horizon, so there is no crossing of light through the horizon. May 1, 2012 at 21:36
• @Ron Maimon: So if they don't "actually" slow down, does that mean they even pass the horizon? If so, at what speed are they going then? Nov 20, 2014 at 0:26
• @mike4ty4: The coordinates where the objects freeze are degenerate on the horizon, there is no paradox. The objects freeze because the coordinate time stops, not because their intrinsic velocity is slow. It requires knowing the metric form at a horizon, something you can work out for Rindler space easily, because it's just flat Minkowski space in disguise. Nov 21, 2014 at 4:15
• Has (almost) a decade been enough time to think about it? :) Do you think you'd hit the singularity at a speed that's higher than $c$ but the same speed at which light would hit it? Also, how would you respond to Ron's comment now? Is there any chance that he was right about the speed "going to $c$ even for the external observer"? Apr 3 at 8:24
• @GumbyTheGreen the speed any point that is distant from you is coordinate dependent. In your rest frame at your position you can approximate the spacetime as flat so speed has a nice clear definition. But as soon as you consider points that aren't at your position you need to consider the curvature and then the number you get for the speed depends on what coordinates you choose. I don't think Ron is correct, though this is a somewhat philosophical perspective because we probably just differ in what we mean by speed. Apr 3 at 8:46

Nope, it will just fall in a reasonable amount of time (if you go with it, but watch out for tidal forces!), or take forever to fall in (if you are watching from outside).

Also, if I may be so bold as to suggest doing some quantum mechanics instead of kinematics while you are there, you could probably lock down some funding no problem.

• +1 for you could probably lock down some funding :) Apr 24, 2012 at 7:18
• ohhh yes, that make sense, gravity make time slower, so it would take infinite time for object to hit the black hole. thanks. and well am novice to quantum mechanics. will explore it for more :) Apr 24, 2012 at 8:31

It will reach the speed of light exactly at the black hole surface.

• What surface? I assume you mean the event horizon, but that's just a mathematical entity, not a physical thing. Jan 28, 2018 at 16:51
• I meant event horizon. Whether ir is physical or not is a matter of opinion/phylosophy. Jan 28, 2018 at 17:07
• Sorry, but I can't see "surface" as ever being anything but an abstraction, which leaves this answer just like John Rennie's, except that he stresses the importance of coordinate systems, GR being local. Jun 10, 2019 at 16:40

if we throw something into black hole with almost the speed of light, the object speed will exceed speed of light c before hitting black hole surface! How relativity explain this? Can space-time curvature reduce speed of this freely falling object from attaining speed of light?

If you throw (or drop someting for that matter) radially inwards towards a black hole the gravitational acceleration in coordinate time will go as:

$$\frac{d\bar{v}}{dt}=-\frac{GM}{r^2}\hat{r}(1-2\frac{v^2}{c^2(1-\frac{2GM}{rc^2})}-\frac{v^2}{c^2(1-\frac{2GM}{rc^2})^2})$$

The two extra terms will prevent any object moving radially inwards from reaching the speed of light. You can only reach the Schwarzschild radius of $$r=2GM/c^2$$ if you move infinitely slow. Usually you do not talk of the Schwarzshild radius as the "black hole surface", but I guess that is what you mean.

• Does this imply that the escape velocity at the event horizon is not actually the speed of light but is rather less than it? If so, how can the event horizon be the point beyond which light can't escape? Apr 3 at 8:13
• @GumbyTheGreen well you sort of get infinite redshift at the event horizon as viewed by a distant observer and also the speed of light as viewed by a distant observer would be infinitely slow but for a person at the event horizon time also goes infinitely slow compared to a distant observer leading him to believe the speed of light is normal. I do not know if you for sure can know what is going on beyond the event horizon. Apr 20 at 10:08


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01v118rh71p
 Title: Gibbs measures on sparse random graphs Authors: Airey, Dylan Advisors: Sly, Allan M Contributors: Mathematics Department Keywords: Random graphsSofic entropyStatistical physics Subjects: Mathematics Issue Date: 2022 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Abstract: Many combinatorial optimization problems can be phrased in terms of Gibbs measures on labellings of the vertices of a graph. Techniques and insights from statistical physics have been applied in recent years to find the solvability thresholds as well as the structure of solutions for many of these problems. When the underlying graph is random, two key quantities of interest are the quenched and annealed free energy densities. The annealed free energy density is much easier to compute, and for some models, like the Ising ferromagnet, the quenched and annealed free energy densities agree at all temperatures. For others, the system undergoes a phase transition, and the two disagree at low temperature. We show this latter phenomenon is typical in the sense that for an open dense subset of interaction functions, on a random regular graph the quenched and annealed free energy densities of the associated Gibbs measure disagree for sufficiently low temperatures. We also present joint work with L. Bowen and F. Lin in which we consider a particular model, $2$-colorings of random regular hypergraphs, to answer an open problem in sofic entropy theory. A sofic approximation to a countable group is a sequence of partial actions on finite sets that asymptotically approximates the action of the group on itself by left-translations. A group is sofic if it admits a sofic approximation. Sofic entropy theory is a generalization of classical entropy theory in dynamics to actions by sofic groups. However, the sofic entropy of an action may depend on a choice of sofic approximation. All previously known examples showing this dependence rely on degenerate behavior. We exhibit an explicit example of a mixing subshift of finite type with two different positive sofic entropies. URI: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01v118rh71p Alternate format: The Mudd Manuscript Library retains one bound copy of each dissertation. Search for these copies in the library's main catalog: catalog.princeton.edu Type of Material: Academic dissertations (Ph.D.) Language: en Appears in Collections: Mathematics


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# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

March  2015, 14(2): 637-655. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.637

## Logarithmic and improved regularity criteria for the 3D nematic liquid crystals models, Boussinesq system, and MHD equations in a bounded domain

 1 Dipartimento di Matematica, Via F. Buonarroti 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy 2 Department of Applied Mathematics, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037

Received  January 2014 Revised  July 2014 Published  December 2014

In this paper, we prove some logarithmically improved regularity criteria for the 3D nematic liquid crystals models, Boussinesq system, and MHD equations in a bounded domain.
Citation: Luigi C. Berselli, Jishan Fan. Logarithmic and improved regularity criteria for the 3D nematic liquid crystals models, Boussinesq system, and MHD equations in a bounded domain. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2015, 14 (2) : 637-655. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.637
##### References:

show all references

##### References:
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• # vatican vertical cylindrical tank building volume

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### DESIGN RECOMMENDATION FOR STORAGE TANKS

The Sub-Committee first published Design Recommendation for Storage Tanks and Their Supports in 1984, and amended it in the 1990, 1996 and 2010 , vatican vertical cylindrical tank building volume For above-ground vertical cylindrical storage tanks without any restraining element, such as anchor bolts or straps, to prevent any overturning moment, only the bending resistance due to , vatican vertical cylindrical tank building volumeTank Charts - Hall Tank Company - Hall Tank CompanyUse this form to generate a chart of tank capacities. Hall Tank does not guarantee the capacity charts accuracy and in no way takes liability for loss due to its content. Calculating a chart will be considered acceptance of this agreement.Volume calculation on a horizontal elliptical tankVolume calculation on a partially filled elliptical tank. This second tool can provide a single detailed value of the volume of a partially filled horizontal oval tank. Just insert the horizontal tank diameter, the vertical tank diameter, the tank length, and the reading on the dip stick, ruler, or measuring tape.

### Cylindrical Tank Problems

In order to find the volume, we would have to find the area of the section covered by the oil at the end of the tank and then multiply by the length of the tank. But, how do you find the area of such a figure? Let's begin by examining the end view of the tank (in general so that we can do it for any size cylindrical tank tank volume formula | Automation & Control Engineering Oct 21, 2006 · It is assumed by reading your description that this is a vertical cylindrical tank. The formula does not account for flanged and dished or cone bottom vessels. Leaving all units in inches - diameter squared x .7854 x height-----231 cubic inches/gallon To calculate a horizontal cylindrical tank's volume is more involved. 120" x 120" x .7854 x 180"

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# Ball rotating in a circle without rope/string - why doesn't the ball fall after the peak? [duplicate]

I am currently learning about the problem of a ball rotating in a vertical circle - where we are interested in determining the minimal height $$h$$ required in order for a ball sliding from rest down a frictionless track (which consists of of a slope followed by a vertical circle) not to fall before completing a full round on the circular part. As far as I understand, the way to do it is to determine the minimal velocity required for the ball to reach the peak of the circle (marked by $$v=?$$ in the figure below) without falling off.

My question is -

What guarantees that once the ball reaches the peak it will not fall in any other point on the circle that is more distant than the peak?

Looking forward to your help. Thanks!

• It's a good answer but it approaches the issue less quantitively. When I first learned this, I was never explained why checking only the top is sufficient. I figured I would put a detailed post about it somewhere :) Dec 4 '20 at 1:06
• This is similar to calculating the velocity required for a satellite to remain in orbit. Dec 4 '20 at 1:08
• Well yes, except there (assuming circular orbit), the centripetal force remains the same, so it's not as interesting. I thought this question was quite nice, as it allows for justifying why we only check the top point when trying to find $v_{\rm min}$. When I studied this, every textbook just presented the $mv^2/r=mg$ statement and did not bother to specify why it holds along other points in the trajectory. Dec 4 '20 at 1:09
• The track may be frictionless but air isn't. The car confuses the issue (is it powered, or just rolled from h?). The requirement for the points of the (1/4 circle) more distant from the peak is v needs to offset g until the bottom 1/2 of the track is reached. Anyone in the car would be wise to carry some excess v. Dec 4 '20 at 2:21
• Hi guys, thanks for your comments! I do understand the general reasoning behind the fact that the water bucket (or car) doesn't fall off, but can't understand why if it arrives to the top of the circle, it must complete a full circle. Dec 4 '20 at 16:03

For the ball to travel in a circle, the following must be true: $$F_c = \dfrac{mv^2}{r}.\tag1$$ $$F_c$$ is the centripetal force. It is the component of the net force that is directed towards the inside of the circle. There will be circular motion if Eq.(1) holds. Now, the bottom hemisphere of the circle is not a problem, since the only path the ball can take is along the surface.

In the top hemisphere, consider the trigonometric angle as shown:

Therefore, it is obvious that:

$$F_c = mg\sin\theta + N\tag2$$

side note: many explanations will simply give you the condition that $$mv^2/r=mg$$ and call it a day. But there is more to it.

Notice that when the angle $$\theta$$ increases from $$0^\circ$$ to $$90^\circ$$, the velocity of the particle will go down (due to conservation of energy -- as we gain potential energy, we lose kinetic energy).

However, notice that $$\sin\theta$$ will increase as $$\theta$$ increases from $$0^\circ$$ to $$90^\circ$$. This means that at the very top, the speed is at a minimum, but the gravitational force (centripetal component) will be at a maximum. This creates a potential problem, because of the possibility that $$mg \sin\theta + N > mv^2/r$$. If that is the case, the motion will no longer be circular.

To ensure that the path is indeed always circular, recall the following 'must:' $$F_c = \dfrac{mv^2}{r}$$ must be true. So, ask yourself, where would that relationship not be true, so that way we know what condition to check. Obviously, that relationship may not hold when the particle is at the very top of the circle. The reason being: the speed is minimal, and the force of gravity pulling the object towards the center is maximal.

And so at the very top, for there to be circular motion, you must have:

$$\dfrac{mv^2}{r} = mg + N\tag3$$

Now if the normal force is $$0$$ (after all, normal force comes up when the ball goes fast enough to press against the surface), then the minimum value $$F_c$$ can have (such that the path is circular) is:

$$\dfrac{mv^2}{r} = mg \tag4$$

the reason that it's the minimum value is: if $$\tfrac{mv^2}{r}>mg$$, then you have the normal force that will act on the object, hence you will have: $$\tfrac{mv^2}{r}=mg+N$$, and the path is circular. But, since the normal force cannot be less than zero, the smallest value $$F_c$$ can have at the top is $$mg$$

Anyway, by Eq. (4), you get that the minimal speed at the top is: $$v=\sqrt{gr}$$. If the speed is any less than that, then the gravity will pull the object in towards the center too strongly and the path will no longer be circular.

Now, a very important part:

The reason that this TOP CONDITION is SUFFICIENT (i.e. why that's the only thing we must check for):

When the angle $$\theta$$ is is exactly $$90^\circ$$, then $$mg\sin\theta$$ will have its maximum value of $$mg$$, whereas $$mv^2/r$$ will have its minimum value (because speed is at its minimum).

It follows that when $$\sin\theta$$ gets smaller (i.e. the angle is not $$90^\circ$$), then $$mg\sin\theta$$ will no longer be at its maximum. On the other hand, because you gain KE, the speed $$v$$ will increase! This implies that $$mv^2/r > mg\sin\theta$$. This should make total sense; if we assume that at the top, $$mv^2/r = mg$$, then when we are no no longer at the top, the $$mv^2/r$$ term increases due to gain in KE, whereas the $$mg\sin\theta$$ term will get smaller (due to sine term). Therefore, if we know that $$mv^2/r=mg$$ at the top, then we also know that when $$\theta\neq90^\circ$$, that $$mv^2/r > mg\sin\theta$$.

Second, we will justify why the object will continue moving in a circle:

The reason the object will continue in a circle is due to the normal force; if you go really fast, the normal force will increase such that $$mv^2/r=mg\sin\theta+N$$, and if you go slower, then the normal force will conveniently decrease, again, such that $$mv^2/r=mg\sin\theta+N$$. BUT, the normal force cannot be negative in the top hemisphere -- the normal force's smallest value is zero.

Therefore, in the top hemisphere, it must always be the case that $$mv^2/r\geq mg\sin\theta$$. And if that is true when $$mg\sin\theta$$ is at its max and $$v$$ is at its min, then it will definitely be true when $$mg\sin\theta$$ decreases and $$mv^2/r$$ increases.

Therefore, checking the speed at the top is a necessary and sufficient condition for frictionless vertical circular motion.

Note: this explanation applies for the top hemisphere. As for the bottom hemisphere of the circle, the object will not break its circular path due to the normal force which (assuming is strong enough, i.e. material is strong enough) will always keep the object in circular motion. The reason is that the normal force will act towards the center of the circle, so it can counteract gravity such that $$F_c=mv^2/r$$.

In summary, the condition for the ball to continue in circular motion is that the speed at the top, must be greater or equal to $$\sqrt{gr}$$. Thus, the minimum speed needed at the top is $$v_{\rm min} = \sqrt{gr}$$.

This answer was long, but I hope it clears everything up.

Suppose the car reached the top point with a velocity $$v$$. The centripetal acceleration must be $$g \implies g = \frac{v^2}{r}$$

If the track was removed, the problem was to find the trajectory of a particle with an horizontal initial velocity $$v$$, having a constant acceleration $$g$$ downwards. We know that the solution is a parabola in this case.

Considering the origin the center of the circle, the equation of the parabola comes from: $$x = vt$$ and $$y = r - \frac{1}{2}gt^2$$

$$y = r - \frac{1}{2}g\frac{x^2}{v^2}$$

Substituting the value of $$g$$ $$y_{par} = r - \frac{1}{2}\frac{x^2}{r} = r\left(1 - \frac{1}{2}\frac{x^2}{r^2}\right)$$

The equation of the circle is: $$y_{cir} = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} = r\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^2}{r^2}}$$

It is necessary to proof that the "natural path" of the parabola is always higher than the circle (they are equal to $$r$$ for $$x=0$$).

Expanding the square root in a Taylor series at x = 0:

$$y_{circ} = r\left(1 - \frac{1}{2}\frac{x^2}{r^2} - ...\right)$$

The first 2 terms are the same as the parabola, but follows an infinity of negative terms that makes $$y_{cir} < y_{par}$$

Centripetal acceleration and the normal force.

$$\sum F_r = m a_c$$

with $$F_r$$ being the component of force in the radial direction ($$+$$ sign is for forces towards the center of the circle).

At the peak of the circle, there are two forces affecting the ball: the weight of the ball $$w = mg$$ (gravitational force), the normal force $$N$$ exerted by the track on the ball. The vector sum of these two forces is equal to the centripetal force, $$F_c = m a_c$$.

Plugging in $$a_c = \frac{v^2}{r}$$, you get the following:

$$mg + N = m \frac{v^2}{r} \rightarrow N = m ( \frac{v^2}{r} - g )$$

As you can see, for the ball to stay on the track, the centripetal term must "defeat" gravity in order for the normal force to be positive. Once the normal force turns zero or negative, then the ball will no longer stay on the track and will fall.

If we want to minimise h, then we have to consider that normal reaction at the top of the track is zero.

The reason we can't solve for v=0 at the top, because then normal reaction will become zero even before reaching the top point, and as a result of which, the car will lose the track.

That means there will be some speed at the top of the track too.

As the car approaches the top most point, v will gradually decrease, and therefore Normal reaction will decrease, and the instant it reaches the top, normal reaction will be zero for one instant (so as to minimize h), but car still have speed, which will again push the car to the track, and normal reaction will again be working after that one instant.

Now, as the car again starts to come down, v will increase, and the component of gravity in the direction perpendicular to the motion decreases, but someone has to balance the centrifugal force, as v is increasing and gravity component is decreasing, both implies that normal has to increase for the entire remaining half trip.

This proves that, if in this situation, h is large enough that the car reaches the top of the track, it will always complete the remaining half.

• Just because the car reaches the top of the track does not mean the full circle will be completed. It needs enough kinetic energy at the top such that it stays on the path while going down. Dec 3 '20 at 20:46
• @user256872, I am talking in context of the given situation, if in this situation, h is large enough that the car reaches the top along the vertical half circle, then it will most certainly cover the remaining half too, in ideal situations. Dec 4 '20 at 4:19
• @user256872 "a very important part", your this point is exactly what I have explained in my answer Dec 4 '20 at 4:37
• Saying, "if in this situation, h is large enough that the car reaches the top of the track" is pointless. Because said situation happens assuming $h$ is large enough such that the speed at height $2r$ will be $\sqrt{gr}$, which of course implies that the car reaches the top. By definition of your 'situation,' the car reaches the top of the track. I will however admit that when I first read it, I misunderstood what you meant. I removed the downvote. Dec 4 '20 at 4:53
• @Letsintegreat thank you! your answer helped my intuition. Dec 4 '20 at 15:59


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# Advocating for mathematically highly capable students (Primary years)

[Engaging All Students]
Presenter: Linda Parish
Tuesday, 9 August, 2016
Time: 4:30pm – 5:30pm (VIC, TAS, NSW, QLD)
4:00pm – 5:00pm (SA, NT)
2:30pm – 3:30pm (WA)

 Click on the following link to enter the session https://connect.vic.edu.au/cwm-160809-parish/

### Advocating for mathematically highly capable students (Primary years)

Contrary to popular belief students who are mathematically highly capable or gifted are not a ‘privileged’ group, they are simply children who learn differently and therefore may require a different type of teacher support. This session explores some of the unique learning needs of mathematically highly capable students, and suggests some important ways teachers may be able to support this learning in the regular mathematics classroom.

Presenter: Linda Parish

Linda works in early childhood and primary mathematics education at Australian Catholic University (Ballarat Campus). Her research interests are in students who struggle with mathematics, as well as students who show high ability in mathematics.


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## Friday, August 12, 2011

### Bill Clinton announces: LHC just found a TOE!

Prof Willian Jefferson Clinton, one of the greatest scientists alive (see his 15,000 papers) and the U.N. special envoy to Haiti, gave an important talk in Davos earlier this year. It contains some spectacular news about science. Among other things, it explains that Bill Clinton's administration didn't stop the SSC.

Things might be different than you thought.

To say the least, Prof Bill Clinton proves that he has become a top expert in particle physics - much like his vice-president became a top expert in geology and climatology.

Press PLAY, omit the bulk of the talk about the world economy (and the carbon tax at the end), and switch to 52:50 or so, near the end of the talk. The gems of the talk are hiding in his answer to the last question "how the next 10 years of Prof Clinton will look like": they will be all about science (except for his wish to be alive and to be a grandfather).

You will learn quite some things. He says that he hopes that his mental capacities will remain as incredibly high as they are now: and they're really, really high, as you are going to see. In a few years, millions of people will be reaching out to Davos for each other. Don't you understand what I am saying?

It's simple. Consider the Hubble Space Telescope. It has possibly found the first galaxy in the Universe as well as a planet in another galaxy inside the Milky Way (wow!) that is just like ours (the planet is orbiting another star that is inside the Sun). Last year, Bill Clinton et al. discovered that unless you are a 100% sub-Saharan African, you are a 1%-4% Neanderthal.

Only Chelsea has less than 2% of Neanderthal genes so almost no one thinks that she resembles a Neanderthal.

It wasn't surprise for Hillary to find out that Bill was a Neanderthal himself - despite being the first black U.S. president - but it was news for herself that Hillary was also one, we learn. But that's how all of us work.

Most importantly, Switzerland is now the home of the Largest Superconductor and Supercollider (LSSC). If you're worried that some politicians during the era of Clinton et al. stopped the SSC in the early 1990s, because of the 1994 budget, there are happy news waiting for you. The Largest Superconductor and Supercollider was actually moved from Texas to Switzerland. The Neanderthals took those 90 kilometers of magnets and squeezed them to 28 kilometers of tunnels in Switzerland. But we still have smaller superconductors and supercolliders in the United States.

A piece of the SSC superconductor, including the CDF director whose size resembles a church, is being moved via tracks from Illinois in Texas through the Atlantic Peninsula to Cern in Bern in Switzerland where it would be known as the CMS director. Its friend ATLAS director is one-half of the Notre Dame Cathedral.

The first significant discovery came from the superconductor last year, in 2010. This discovery may offer us a key to how life began right after the Big Bang. It went approximately like this: bang-cluck-cluck (which also answers whether a chick was living before the egg: she was). The superconductor finally allowed us to do what Einstein wanted to achieve but he couldn't: to find a unified theory of biology and chemistry (wow!). And also physics, to be quite complete.

Einstein's-Clinton's-Sancho's unification theory of biology and chemistry based on superorganisms also predicts that the Large Swiss Superconductor will eat our little planet.

All of us - the wise men who studied elemental physics (for Czech readers: he means ementál physics, related to the Swiss cheese) - were taught that at the subatomic level (!), the positive and negative elements have to be balanced, otherwise matter would not cohere and we would all fly apart. But the superconductor discovered something about the smallest subatomic particle, the muon (who ordered that?!), namely that there slightly more positive muons in all of our atoms than the negative muons - an insight that the Swiss superconductor could confirm or reject.

The LSSC Superconductor has discovered that there are 42 trillion extra positive muons, the smallest particles in the world (tau, charm, beauty, and top have emigrated away from the multiverse), relatively to the negative ones in each atom of yours as well as someone else. This answers the questions on everything and proves all the world's religions.

As a trivial corollary, this discovery proves that all religious believers in the world are right, especially Christianity that has the plus sign as its main symbol (I hope that you remember the sign of the asymmetry!), and it will make you more optimistic. You will be as happy as you may be after seeing excessive antimuons in your own atoms. It also tells us how we came to this moment from the primordial slime. That's an exciting time to be alive: there's no reason to go around a hand-dog or to watch a handbag TV. However, the deep knowledge of science such as Bill's isn't quite and broadly enough embedded into the societies yet so that we could make consistently good decisions.

Prof Clinton hopes that before he dies, he will see the people on this little planet with the same sense of wonder as he sees in the mirror every day.

Thanks to John

One of the experiments unifying biology and physics at the Largest Swiss Emental Superconductor.

It's very nice and touching. He's of course a much better and more loving human than his former vice-president and it's a pleasure to listen to him but I would probably agree that he's even dumber than Gore. And this could actually be a part of the reason why the U.S. economy worked so well during his presidency.

BTW, after the initial hesitations, Clinton supported the SSC right before it was killed.

1. In 1993, Clinton tried to prevent the cancellation by asking Congress to continue "to support this important and challenging effort" through completion because "abandoning the SSC at this point would signal that the United States is compromising its position of leadership in basic science".

The complete text of the letter can be found here:
http://www.hep.net/ssc/new/history/hepssc/clinton.html

2. Israel is building new settlements in Palestine territory: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTAaW_pFlcM

3. Dear Roger, I changed the wording so that it doesn't suggest any particular culprits of the cancelation of the SSC.

Kamil, your comment is really off-topic. But if you wonder why Israel is building houses exactly on the Palestian territory, it's because this is how the Israeli territory is being called these days. In the same way, Bohemians build houses on the Czech territory.

This Russia Today video made me laugh several times. I literally exploded when they say that "the government is cynically trying to suggest that the high housing prices and rents - that people complain about - could have something to do with the need to build new units."

In reality, the rents and housing prices surely have nothing to do with the number of houses that are gonna be build: the housing prices only depend on the amount of sugar in the ice cream. ;-)

4. It's nice to see Bill interested in the TOE. He's starting to sound like Bush, "a thousand points of light", 41, who he has spent alot of time with. I guess that's what happens when you're lucky enough not to have to work your ass off for a living like everybody else, and can surround yourself with political sycophants and bathe comfortably in your own narcissism.

Is it me, or is anyone else completely bored to tears with the idiocy of the political elite? Oh well, at least Bill is trying his best to think about something other than CAMEL TOE which was the only TOE he spent a good deal of time thinking about in earlier years. :)

5. Well if you call the palestinian territory Israel's, then where should the Palestinians go from there? Do they have to leave the so called Israeli territory and became refugees? If Israel is controling the land and building permitions, where should the new Palestine people build homes?

You see that jews has a right to that land, but I can't see a reason for it. Jews are conquering the land this way. I wonder if they don't have other land to build on. If they do, it is a pure provocation.

What would you say if the government has built a house in your garden, and used it as social housing.


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# Math Help - Approximating an infinite series

1. ## Approximating an infinite series

Approximate a sum for the infinite series:
$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^4}$
with a maximum error of $0.02$

$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^4}\approx 1.0748$

My attempt:
For every $N\in\mathbb{N}$:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^t\frac{1}{x^4}\, dx$ $=\left [ \frac{1}{3x^3} \right ]_{N+1}^t=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}-\frac{1}{3t^3}$

For $t\rightarrow \infty$:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^t\frac{1}{x^4}\, dx$ $=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}$

$f(x)=\frac{1}{x^4}$
$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx$ $=\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^4}\, dx$ $=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}$
$f(N+1)=\frac{1}{(N+1)^4}$

$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx + f(N+1)=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}+\frac{1}{(N+1)^4}=\frac{ 1}{3}\frac{N+4}{(N+1)^4}$

Expanding we get:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx + f(N+1)=\frac{1}{3}\frac{N+4}{n^4+4N^3+6N^2+4N+1}$ $=\frac{N+4}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)+3}$

Since:
$N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)+3\ge N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)$

We get that:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx + f(N+1)$ $\le \frac{N+4}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)}\le \frac{1}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18+\frac{1}{3})}$

Which shows us that:
$\frac{1}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18+\frac{1}{3})}\le 0.02$

However when I try to solve for $N$ I get a negative $N$-value which doesn't make sense. Can somebody help me get the correct $N$

2. ## Re: Approximating an infinite series

Originally Posted by MathIsOhSoHard
Approximate a sum for the infinite series:
$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^4}$
with a maximum error of $0.02$

$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^4}\approx 1.0748$

My attempt:
For every $N\in\mathbb{N}$:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^t\frac{1}{x^4}\, dx$ $=\left [ \frac{1}{3x^3} \right ]_{N+1}^t=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}-\frac{1}{3t^3}$

For $t\rightarrow \infty$:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^t\frac{1}{x^4}\, dx$ $=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}$

$f(x)=\frac{1}{x^4}$
$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx$ $=\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^4}\, dx$ $=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}$
$f(N+1)=\frac{1}{(N+1)^4}$

$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx + f(N+1)=\frac{1}{3(N+1)^3}+\frac{1}{(N+1)^4}=\frac{ 1}{3}\frac{N+4}{(N+1)^4}$

Expanding we get:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx + f(N+1)=\frac{1}{3}\frac{N+4}{n^4+4N^3+6N^2+4N+1}$ $=\frac{N+4}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)+3}$

Since:
$N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)+3\ge N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)$

We get that:
$\int\limits_{N+1}^{\infty}f(x)\, dx + f(N+1)$ $\le \frac{N+4}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18N+12)}\le \frac{1}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18+\frac{1}{3})}$

Which shows us that:
$\frac{1}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18+\frac{1}{3})}\le 0.02$

However when I try to solve for $N$ I get a negative $N$-value which doesn't make sense. Can somebody help me get the correct $N$
Solving that 4th order equation for N is a nightmare. You can get an approximate value

$3N^4< N(3N^3+12N^2+18+\frac{1}{3}) \iff \frac{1}{N(3N^3+12N^2+18+\frac{1}{3})} < \frac{1}{3N^4}$

This much better to solve

$\frac{1}{3N^4} < \frac{2}{100} \iff 100 < 6n^4$

You can see that $n=3$ works

3. ## Re: Approximating an infinite series

$\sum _{k=1}^{\infty } \frac{1}{k^4}$= $1+\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{3^4}$

$\frac{1}{3^4}<.02$

4. ## Re: Approximating an infinite series

Hey MathIsOhSoHard.

Can you show us how you solved the roots of the equation N(3N^3 + 12N^2) + 18 + 1/3)*0.02 - 1 = 0? (Knowing the roots means you know which values of N will be on either side of the inequality).